{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T08:00:24Z","timestamp":1776931224460,"version":"3.51.2"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":92,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3772318.3790391","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T05:14:30Z","timestamp":1776057270000},"page":"1-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring Texture-Level Creative Decisions with penPal, a Novel Handheld Actuated Drawing Tool"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2915-1122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tucker","family":"Rae-Grant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2089-6208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7396-9507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lea","family":"Albaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1351-6976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Nakagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Adobe. 2025. https:\/\/www.adobe.com\/products\/firefly\/features\/text-to-image.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Adobe. 2025. Illustrator. https:\/\/www.adobe.com\/products\/illustrator.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Adobe. 2025. Photoshop. https:\/\/www.adobe.com\/products\/photoshop.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581434"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"Ruth Asawa. c.1948 - 1949. Untitled (BMC.117 BMC Laundry Stamp on Newsprint). https:\/\/ruthasawa.com\/art\/black-mountain-work\/#bwg8\/62"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Genevieve Bell Mark Blythe and Phoebe Sengers. 2005. Making by making strange: Defamiliarization and the design of domestic technologies. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 12 2 (June 2005) 149\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1067860.1067862","DOI":"10.1145\/1067860.1067862"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_8_2","volume-title":"Drawing: A Contemporary Approach","author":"Betti Claudia","year":"1980","unstructured":"Claudia Betti and Teel Sale. 1980. Drawing: A Contemporary Approach. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, NY, USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/800248.507101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3746059.3747616"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3643834.3661599"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2023. Toward good practice in thematic analysis: Avoiding common problems and be(com)ing a knowing researcher. International Journal of Transgender Health 24 (2023) 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/26895269.2022.2129597","DOI":"10.1080\/26895269.2022.2129597"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2014.6906943"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"Canva. 2025. https:\/\/www.canva.com\/ai-image-generator\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3347122.3347140"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/280811.280920"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_17_2","volume-title":"An Artist\u2019s Notebook: Techniques and Materials","author":"Chaet Bernard","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bernard Chaet. 1979. An Artist\u2019s Notebook: Techniques and Materials. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, NY, USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_18_2","volume-title":"The Art of Drawing","author":"Chaet Bernard","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bernard Chaet. 1983. The Art of Drawing. Wadsworth Group\/Thomson Learning, Belmont, CA, USA. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/artofdrawing0000chae_s2m8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_19_2","unstructured":"Cuttlelola. 2015. Dotspen. http:\/\/www.cuttlelola.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_20_2","unstructured":"Piero della Francesca. 1459 - 1460. The Flagellation of Christ. https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:The_Flagellation_by_Piero_della_Francesca This painting whose image is in the public domain is in the collection of the Galleria Nazionale delle Marche Italy."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702547"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Judith\u00a0E. Fan Wilma\u00a0A. Bainbridge Rebecca Chamberlain and Jeffrey\u00a0D. Wammes. 2023. Drawing as a versatile cognitive tool. Nat Rev Psychol 2 (2023) 556\u2013568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44159-023-00212-w","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-023-00212-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642792"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3745778.3766655"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713740"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3563657.3596106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642622"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642684"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_29_2","unstructured":"GIMP. 2025. GIMP. https:\/\/www.gimp.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C\u00e9dric Girerd and Tania\u00a0K. Morimoto. 2021. Design and Control of a Hand-Held Concentric Tube Robot for Minimally Invasive Surgery. IEEE Transactions on Robotics 37 4 (2021) 1022\u20131038. 10.1109\/TRO.2020.3043668","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2020.3043668"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_31_2","unstructured":"Google. 2025. https:\/\/gemini.google\/overview\/image-generation\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_32_2","unstructured":"Hasbro. 1950. OUIJA. https:\/\/tsdr.uspto.gov\/#caseNumber=71546217&caseType=SERIAL_NO&searchType=statusSearch Trademark Serial No. 71546217 Filed 1948 Registered 1950.."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3357236.3395540"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Christopher\u00a0S. Henshilwood Francesco d\u2019Errico Karen\u00a0L. van Niekerk Laure Dayet Alain Queffelec and Luca Pollarolo. 2018. An abstract drawing from the 73 000-year-old levels at Blombos Cave South Africa. Nature 562 7725 (Oct. 2018) 115\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-018-0514-3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0514-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_35_2","unstructured":"Richard Houston. 2026. Rembrandt and Mark Making. https:\/\/www.nortonsimon.org\/learn\/schools-teachers\/the-elements-of-art-a-drawing-guide\/rembrandt-and-mark-making"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_36_2","unstructured":"Ashley Hurst. 2019. How to Draw Texture. https:\/\/thevirtualinstructor.com\/blog\/how-to-draw-texture"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takeo Igarashi. 2025. Easy and Fast? Rethinking the Future of Content Creation Tools. https:\/\/www-ui.is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp\/\u00a0takeo\/papers\/UIST2025_vision_slide.pdf","DOI":"10.1145\/3746058.3762828"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_38_2","unstructured":"Inlumino\u00a0Heart Ink. 2024. Electric Pro Dot Pen. https:\/\/inluminoheart.ink\/product\/electric-dot-pen"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_39_2","unstructured":"Inkscape. 2025. Inkscape. https:\/\/inkscape.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174164"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025927"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_42_2","unstructured":"Gabe Johnson Mark\u00a0D. Gross Jason Hong and Ellen Yi-Luen\u00a0Do. 2009. Computational Support for Sketching in Design: A Review. Found. Trends Hum.-Comput. Interact. 2 1 (Jan. 2009) 1\u201393. https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1561\/1100000013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_43_2","unstructured":"Heidi Kay. 2012. OT Product of the Week: Squiggle Wiggle Writer: Fun Therapy Tool!https:\/\/www.pediastaff.com\/blog\/ot\/ot-product-of-the-week-squiggle-wiggle-writer-fun-therapy-tool-9621"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2342896.2342934"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376134"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1358628.1358680"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3027063.3052763"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_48_2","unstructured":"Kelsey Kloss. 2018. That Magical Moment Your Preschooler Starts Coloring Inside the Lines. https:\/\/www.scholastic.com\/parents\/books-and-reading\/raise-a-reader-blog\/developmental-milestones-coloring-in-the-lines.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_49_2","unstructured":"Koh-I-Noor. 2025. Progresso. https:\/\/www.kohinoorusa.com\/woodlesscolor"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3581641.3584095"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3610978.3640560"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_52_2","unstructured":"Golan Levin. 1998. Yellowtail. https:\/\/www.flong.com\/archive\/projects\/yellowtail\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yu-Chen Lin Chieh-Hsiang Hsu Cheng-Feng Lin Hsiu-Yun Hsu Jin-Wei Liu Chien-Hsien Yeh and Li-Chieh Kuo. 2022. Pen-grip kinetics in children with and without handwriting difficulties. PLOS ONE 17 6 (06 2022) 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0270466","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270466"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Robert\u00a0A. MacLachlan Brian\u00a0C. Becker Jaime\u00a0Cuevas Tabares Gregg\u00a0W. Podnar Louis\u00a0A. Lobes and Cameron\u00a0N. Riviere. 2012. Micron: An Actively Stabilized Handheld Tool for Microsurgery. IEEE Transactions on Robotics 28 1 (2012) 195\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TRO.2011.2169634","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2011.2169634"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3715668.3736335"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_56_2","unstructured":"Blick\u00a0Art Materials. 2025. Sennelier Red Ochre Soft Pastel. https:\/\/www.dickblick.com\/items\/sennelier-soft-pastel-red-ochre-067\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayley McClintock Fatma\u00a0Zeynep Temel Neel Doshi Je-sung Koh and Robert\u00a0J. Wood. 2018. The milliDelta: A high-bandwidth high-precision millimeter-scale Delta robot. Science Robotics 3 14 (2018) eaar3018. https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1126\/scirobotics.aar3018","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aar3018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642361"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2380116.2380191"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_60_2","unstructured":"David Muenzer. 2020. Duet. https:\/\/davidmuenzer.net\/ Reproduced with the permission of the artist."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2559206.2574766"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/191666.191703"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_63_2","unstructured":"Nexmetal. 2025. https:\/\/nexmetal.com\/products\/nitinol-superelastic-wire?variant=21956546628 Cost for 0.5 mm wire at time of writing was $1.34 (USD) per foot."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_64_2","unstructured":"David Nishimura. 2025. Pen Measurements. https:\/\/www.vintagepens.com\/pen_measurements.shtml Of the 42 pens measured in this blog post the minimum and maximum diameters are 8.4mm and 13.7mm and the mean diameter is 11.6mm.."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_65_2","unstructured":"OpenAI. 2025. https:\/\/chatgpt.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_66_2","volume-title":"Draw it with Your Eyes Closed: The Art of the Art Assignment","author":"Petrovich D.","year":"2012","unstructured":"D. Petrovich, R. White, and Paper\u00a0Monument (Organization). 2012. Draw it with Your Eyes Closed: The Art of the Art Assignment. Paper Monument, Brooklyn, NY, USA. https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=JdNeLwEACAAJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580691"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_68_2","unstructured":"Sullivan Products. 2025. https:\/\/sullivanproducts.com\/products\/s507-032-cable"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_69_2","series-title":"(ICML\u201923)","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning","author":"Radford Alec","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alec Radford, Jong\u00a0Wook Kim, Tao Xu, Greg Brockman, Christine McLeavey, and Ilya Sutskever. 2023. Robust speech recognition via large-scale weak supervision. In Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (Honolulu, Hawaii, USA) (ICML\u201923). JMLR.org, New York City, NY, USA, Article 1182, 27\u00a0pages. https:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v202\/radford23a\/radford23a.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_70_2","unstructured":"Robotis. 2025. DYNAMIXEL Shield for Arduino MKR. https:\/\/www.robotis.us\/dynamixel-shield-for-arduino-mkr-series\/?srsltid=AfmBOopPU-WX7E5ppcXPLbAXqJbuuTlwaH0PuZK0gWvHR68On6o8eozK Unit cost of $21.97 (USD) at time of writing.."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_71_2","unstructured":"Robotis. 2025. DYNAMIXEL XL330\u2013M266\u2013T. https:\/\/www.robotis.us\/dynamixel-xl330-m288-t\/ Unit cost of $27.49 (USD) at time of writing.."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_72_2","unstructured":"Olinde Rodrigues. 1840. Des lois g\u00e9om\u00e9triques qui r\u00e9gissent les d\u00e9placements d\u2019un syst\u00e8me solide dans l\u2019espace et de la variation des coordonn\u00e9es provenant de ces d\u00e9placements consid\u00e9r\u00e9es ind\u00e9pendamment des causes qui peuvent les produire. Journal de math\u00e9matiques pures et appliqu\u00e9es 5 (1840) 380\u2013440. https:\/\/www.numdam.org\/item\/JMPA_1840_1_5__380_0\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/985692.985731"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_74_2","volume-title":"Scanlime055 \u2013 Pen Wiggler","author":"Scott Micah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Micah Scott. 2021. Scanlime055 \u2013 Pen Wiggler. Retrieved 2026-01-25 from https:\/\/scanlime.org\/2021\/05\/scanlime055-pen-wiggler\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300287"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M.\u00a0P. Sheehy and C.\u00a0D. Marsden. 1982. Writers\u2019 Cramp\u2014A Focal Dystonia. Brain 105 3 (09 1982) 461\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/105.3.461","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/105.3.461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_77_2","volume-title":"A Foundation Course in Drawing","author":"Stanyer Peter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Peter Stanyer and Terry Rosenberg. 1999. A Foundation Course in Drawing. Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, NY, USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613905.3650966"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_79_2","unstructured":"True Grit\u00a0Brush Supply. 2025. https:\/\/www.truegrittexturesupply.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_80_2","unstructured":"Virtuoso Surgical. 2023. Microsurgery Assistance Robot. https:\/\/virtuososurgical.net\/technology\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1461551.1461591"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_82_2","unstructured":"The\u00a0Unsharpen Team. 2022. How Long Is a Pencil?https:\/\/unsharpen.com\/how-long-is-a-pencil\/ Of the 12 unsharpened pencils measured in this blog post the minimum and maximum lengths are 175mm and 200mm and the mean length is 183mm.."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_83_2","unstructured":"The\u00a0Unsharpen Team. 2022. How Long Is An Average Pen?https:\/\/unsharpen.com\/how-long-is-a-pen\/ Of the 11 uncapped pens measured in this blog post the minimum and maximum lengths are 122mm and 148mm and the mean length is 133.5mm.."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_84_2","unstructured":"The\u00a0Unsharpen Team. 2022. How Wide Is a Pencil?https:\/\/unsharpen.com\/how-wide-is-a-pencil\/ Of the 18 pencils measured in this blog post the minimum and maximum diameters are 7.2mm and 9.8mm and the mean diameter is 7.8mm.."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_85_2","unstructured":"Hart Toys. 1991. Squiggle Wiggle Writer. http:\/\/harttoys.com\/swwriter.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445653"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3586183.3606802"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_88_2","unstructured":"Vincent van Gogh. 1888. Street in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer. https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/336318 In the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art New York City NY USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_89_2","unstructured":"Vincent van Gogh. 1888. View of Arles. https:\/\/risdmuseum.org\/art-design\/collection\/view-arles-42212a In the collection of the RISD Museum Providence RI USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2501988.2502017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2481361"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amit Zoran Roy Shilkrot Pragun Goyal Pattie Maes and Joseph\u00a0A. Paradiso. 2014. The Wise Chisel: The Rise of the Smart Handheld Tool. IEEE Pervasive Computing 13 3 (2014) 48\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MPRV.2014.59","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2014.59"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2501988.2502023"}],"event":{"name":"CHI 2026: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Barcelona Spain","acronym":"CHI '26","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3772318.3790391","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T09:57:02Z","timestamp":1776419822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3772318.3790391"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"references-count":92,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3772318.3790391","10.1145\/3772318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3772318.3790391","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}