{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T06:33:19Z","timestamp":1782801199429,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":152,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3772318.3790597","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T05:37:48Z","timestamp":1776058668000},"page":"1-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Understanding Teen Overreliance on AI Companion Chatbots Through Self-Reported Reddit Narratives"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6495-1284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad (Matt)","family":"Namvarpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8042-8511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandon","family":"Brofsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Science\/College of Computing & Informatics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3420-7424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica Y","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5692-9252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamtaj","family":"Akter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, New York Institute of Technology, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5829-8004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afsaneh","family":"Razi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"New Report Shows Students Are Embracing Artificial Intelligence Despite Lack of Parent Awareness and School Guidance | Common Sense Media","year":"2025","unstructured":"2025. New Report Shows Students Are Embracing Artificial Intelligence Despite Lack of Parent Awareness and School Guidance | Common Sense Media. https:\/\/www.commonsensemedia.org\/press-releases\/new-report-shows-students-are-embracing-artificial-intelligence-despite-lack-of-parent-awareness-and"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Reddit Inc Homepage","year":"2025","unstructured":"2025. Reddit Inc Homepage. https:\/\/redditinc.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aimee Adam and Brittany Sizemore. 2013. Parasocial Romance: A Social Exchange Perspective. Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 7 1 (June 2013) 12\u201325. 10.5964\/ijpr.v7i1.106","DOI":"10.5964\/ijpr.v7i1.106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zainab Agha Naima\u00a0Samreen Ali Jinkyung Park and Pamela\u00a0J. Wisniewski. 2025. A Systematic Review on Design-Based Nudges for Adolescent Online Safety. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction 43 (March 2025) 100702. 10.1016\/j.ijcci.2024.100702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcci.2024.100702"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3584931.3606964"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Antonia Aguirre\u00a0Velasco Ignacio Silva\u00a0Santa Cruz Jo Billings Magdalena Jimenez and Sarah Rowe. 2020. What Are the Barriers Facilitators and Interventions Targeting Help-Seeking Behaviours for Common Mental Health Problems in Adolescents? A Systematic Review. BMC Psychiatry 20 1 (Dec. 2020) 293. 10.1186\/s12888-020-02659-0","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02659-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3500868.3559706"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mamtaj Akter Jinkyung\u00a0Katie Park Campbell\u00a0Robinson Headrick Xinru Page and Pamela\u00a0J. Wisniewski. 2025. Calculating Connection vs. Risk: Understanding How Youth Negotiate Digital Privacy and Security with Peers Online. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 9 7 Article CSCW383 (Oct. 2025) 26\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3757564","DOI":"10.1145\/3757564"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_10_2","first-page":"437","volume-title":"Nineteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2023)","author":"Akter Mamtaj","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mamtaj Akter, Madiha Tabassum, Nazmus\u00a0Sakib Miazi, Leena Alghamdi, Jess Kropczynski, Pamela\u00a0J. Wisniewski, and Heather Lipford. 2023. Evaluating the Impact of Community Oversight for Managing Mobile Privacy and Security. In Nineteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2023). USENIX Association, Anaheim, CA, 437\u2013456. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/soups2023\/presentation\/akter"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21905-5_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642489"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abdulmalik Alluhidan Mamtaj Akter Ashwaq Alsoubai Jinkyung\u00a0Katie Park and Pamela Wisniewski. 2024. Teen Talk: The Good the Bad and the Neutral of Adolescent Social Media Use. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 8 CSCW2 Article 422 (Nov. 2024) 35\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3686961","DOI":"10.1145\/3686961"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meshaiel Alsheail Dmitry Alexandrovskz and Kathrin Gerling. 2023. Designing for Disengagement: Challenges and Opportunities for Game Design to Support Children\u2019s Exit From Play. 10.48550\/ARXIV.2303.15400","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2303.15400"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642315"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_17_2","volume-title":"Many Teens Are Turning to AI Chatbots for Friendship and Emotional Support","author":"Andoh Efua","year":"2025","unstructured":"Efua Andoh. 2025. Many Teens Are Turning to AI Chatbots for Friendship and Emotional Support. https:\/\/www.apa.org. https:\/\/www.apa.org\/monitor\/2025\/10\/technology-youth-friendships"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445318"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445318"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.acl-long.151"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_21_2","unstructured":"BBC News. 2024. AI-generated child sexual abuse images evade detection. https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-67872693. Published January 8 2024; accessed August 29 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hezekiah Bilang Alex Briones Arizzandra Calapine Alyssa\u00a0Nicole Durano Eda\u00a0Lou Ochangco and Trishia\u00a0Mae Vidal. 2024. Y\/N and OOMFs: Development Maintenance and Consequences of Parasocial Relationships on Stan Twitter. Asia Social Issues 17 6 (Oct. 2024) e265196. 10.48048\/asi.2024.265196","DOI":"10.48048\/asi.2024.265196"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3715275.3732075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bradley\u00a0J. Bond. 2016. Following Your \u201cFriend\u201d: Social Media and the Strength of Adolescents\u2019 Parasocial Relationships with Media Personae. Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking 19 11 (Nov. 2016) 656\u2013660. 10.1089\/cyber.2016.0355","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2016.0355"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 2 (2006) 77\u2013101. 10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 2 (Jan. 2006) 77\u2013101. 10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2022. Conceptual and Design Thinking for Thematic Analysis. Qualitative Psychology 9 1 (Feb. 2022) 3\u201326. 10.1037\/qup0000196","DOI":"10.1037\/qup0000196"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_28_2","unstructured":"Thomas Breen. 2025. Teenagers Turning to AI Companions Are Redefining Love as Easy Unconditional and Always There."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Samantha\u00a0K. Brooks. 2021. FANatics: Systematic Literature Review of Factors Associated with Celebrity Worship and Suggested Directions for Future Research. Current Psychology 40 2 (Feb. 2021) 864\u2013886. 10.1007\/s12144-018-9978-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-018-9978-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amy Bruckman. 2002. Studying the Amateur Artist: A Perspective on Disguising Data Collected in Human Subjects Research on the Internet. 4 3 (2002) 217\u2013231. 10.1023\/A:1021316409277","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021316409277"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809481-5.00005-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444302752"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_33_2","unstructured":"Character Technologies Inc.2025. Character.ai Terms of Service. https:\/\/policies.character.ai\/tos. Terms of Service effective August 27 2025; page accessed August 29 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_34_2","unstructured":"Character.AI. 2025. About Character.Ai."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517478"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Robert Chew Caroline Kery Laura Baum Thomas Bukowski Annice Kim and Mario Navarro. 2021. Predicting Age Groups of Reddit Users Based on Posting Behavior and Metadata: Classification Model Development and Validation. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 7 3 (March 2021) e25807. 10.2196\/25807","DOI":"10.2196\/25807"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Munmun\u00a0De Choudhury and Sushovan De. 2014. Mental Health Discourse on Reddit: Self-Disclosure Social Support and Anonymity. 8 1 (2014) 71\u201380. 10.1609\/icwsm.v8i1.14526","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v8i1.14526"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Federico Cinus Corrado Monti Paolo Bajardi and Gianmarco De\u00a0Francisci Morales. 2025. Uncovering the Sociodemographic Fabric of Reddit. 10.48550\/ARXIV.2502.05049","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2502.05049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"V\u00edctor Ciudad-Fern\u00e1ndez Cora Von\u00a0Hammerstein and Jo\u00ebl Billieux. 2025. People Are Not Becoming \u201cAIholic\u201d: Questioning the \u201cChatGPT Addiction\u201d Construct. Addictive Behaviors 166 (July 2025) 108325. 10.1016\/j.addbeh.2025.108325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2025.108325"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jonathan Cohen. 2004. Parasocial Break-Up from Favorite Television Characters: The Role of Attachment Styles and Relationship Intensity. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 21 2 (April 2004) 187\u2013202. 10.1177\/0265407504041374","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407504041374"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bryan Davies and Edwin Blake. 2016. Evaluating Existing Strategies to Limit Video Game Playing Time. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 36 2 (March 2016) 47\u201357. 10.1109\/MCG.2016.25","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2016.25"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3585088.3589387"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roberta De\u00a0Cicco Susana\u00a0C. Silva and Francesca\u00a0Romana Alparone. 2020. Millennials\u2019 Attitude toward Chatbots: An Experimental Study in a Social Relationship Perspective. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 48 11 (Oct. 2020) 1213\u20131233. 10.1108\/IJRDM-12-2019-0406","DOI":"10.1108\/IJRDM-12-2019-0406"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Julian De\u00a0Freitas Noah Castelo Ahmet Uguralp and Zeliha Uguralp. 2024. Lessons From an App Update at Replika AI: Identity Discontinuity in Human-AI Relationships. (2024). 10.48550\/ARXIV.2412.14190","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2412.14190"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_45_2","unstructured":"April Dembosky. 2025. Ai Safety Expert Warns Parents to Watch Kids in Wake of Chatbot Ban."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"George Demiris. 2024. STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT FOR THE DESIGN OF GENERATIVE AI TOOLS: INCLUSIVE DESIGN APPROACHES. Innovation in Aging 8 Supplement_1 (Dec. 2024) 585\u2013586. 10.1093\/geroni\/igae098.1918","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igae098.1918"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ismail Dergaa Helmi Ben\u00a0Saad Jordan\u00a0M. Glenn Badii Amamou Mohamed Ben\u00a0Aissa Noomen Guelmami Feten Fekih-Romdhane and Karim Chamari. 2024. From Tools to Threats: A Reflection on the Impact of Artificial-Intelligence Chatbots on Cognitive Health. Frontiers in Psychology 15 (April 2024) 1259845. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1259845","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1259845"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ailyn\u00a0D. Diaz Alicia\u00a0W. Leong Sumru Bilge-Johnson Michael Shapiro Chaden Noureddine and Kristopher Kaliebe. 2025. Clinical Assessment and Implications of Parasocial Relationships in Adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (July 2025) S0890856725003351. 10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.07.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ailyn\u00a0D. Diaz Alicia\u00a0W. Leong Sumru Bilge-Johnson Michael Shapiro Chaden Noureddine and Kristopher Kaliebe. 2025. Clinical Assessment and Implications of Parasocial Relationships in Adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (July 2025) S0890856725003351. 10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.07.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_50_2","unstructured":"Clare Duffy. 2025. Kids and Teens under 18 Shouldn\u2019t Use AI Companion Apps Safety Group Says | CNN Business."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713548"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_52_2","unstructured":"Maggie\u00a0Harrison Dupr\u00e9. 2025. Character.AI Users in Full Meltdown after Minors Banned from Chats."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eva Durall\u00a0Gazulla Ludmila Martins and Maite Fern\u00e1ndez-Ferrer. 2023. Designing Learning Technology Collaboratively: Analysis of a Chatbot Co-Design. Education and Information Technologies 28 1 (Jan. 2023) 109\u2013134. 10.1007\/s10639-022-11162-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-11162-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Michael\u00a0D. Ekstrand Afsaneh Razi Aleksandra Sarcevic Maria\u00a0Soledad Pera Robin Burke and Katherine\u00a0Landau Wright. 2025. Recommending With Not For: Co-Designing Recommender Systems for Social Good. ACM Trans. Recomm. Syst. (Aug. 2025). 10.1145\/3759261Just Accepted.","DOI":"10.1145\/3759261"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jennifer Fereday and Eimear Muir-Cochrane. 2006. Demonstrating Rigor Using Thematic Analysis: A Hybrid Approach of Inductive and Deductive Coding and Theme Development. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 5 1 (March 2006) 80\u201392. 10.1177\/160940690600500107","DOI":"10.1177\/160940690600500107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Casey Fiesler Michael Zimmer Nicholas Proferes Sarah Gilbert and Naiyan Jones. 2024. Remember the Human: A Systematic Review of Ethical Considerations in Reddit Research. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 8 GROUP (Feb. 2024) 1\u201333. 10.1145\/3633070","DOI":"10.1145\/3633070"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Devin Gaffney and J.\u00a0Nathan Matias. 2018. Caveat Emptor Computational Social Science: Large-scale Missing Data in a Widely-Published Reddit Corpus. PLOS ONE 13 7 (July 2018) e0200162. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0200162","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173698"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amanda\u00a0L. Giordano Michael\u00a0K. Schmit and John McCall. 2023. Exploring adolescent social media and internet gaming addiction: The role of emotion regulation. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling 44 1 (2023) 69\u201380. arXiv:https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jaoc.1211610.1002\/jaoc.12116","DOI":"10.1002\/jaoc.12116"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tracy\u00a0R. Gleason and Lisa\u00a0M. Hohmann. 2006. Concepts of Real and Imaginary Friendships in Early Childhood. Social Development 15 1 (Feb. 2006) 128\u2013144. 10.1111\/j.1467-9507.2006.00333.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9507.2006.00333.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tracy\u00a0R. Gleason Sally\u00a0A. Theran and Emily\u00a0M. Newberg. 2017. Parasocial Interactions and Relationships in Early Adolescence. Frontiers in Psychology 8 (Feb. 2017). 10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00255","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00255"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_62_2","unstructured":"Glimpse.ai Inc.2025. Nomi.ai Terms of Service. https:\/\/nomi.ai\/terms-of-service\/. Terms of Service page viewed on August 29 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mark Griffiths. 2005. A \u2018Components\u2019 Model of Addiction within a Biopsychosocial Framework. Journal of Substance Use 10 4 (Jan. 2005) 191\u2013197. 10.1080\/14659890500114359","DOI":"10.1080\/14659890500114359"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_64_2","unstructured":"Mark Griffiths and Daria Kuss. 2017. Adolescent Social Media Addiction (Revisited). Education and Health 35 (Jan. 2017) 49\u201352."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mark\u00a0D. Griffiths. 2010. The Role of Context in Online Gaming Excess and Addiction: Some Case Study Evidence. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 8 1 (Jan. 2010) 119\u2013125. 10.1007\/s11469-009-9229-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-009-9229-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483384436"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIG.2014.6932876"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Donald Horton and R. Richard\u00a0Wohl. 1956. Mass Communication and Para-Social Interaction: Observations on Intimacy at a Distance. Psychiatry 19 3 (Aug. 1956) 215\u2013229. 10.1080\/00332747.1956.11023049","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.1956.11023049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donald Horton and R Richard\u00a0Wohl. 1956. Mass communication and para-social interaction: Observations on intimacy at a distance. psychiatry 19 3 (1956) 215\u2013229.","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.1956.11023049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bo Hu Yuanyi Mao and Ki\u00a0Joon Kim. 2023. How Social Anxiety Leads to Problematic Use of Conversational AI: The Roles of Loneliness Rumination and Mind Perception. Computers in Human Behavior 145 (Aug. 2023) 107760. 10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107760"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642420"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alican Kaya Nuri T\u00fcrk Hasan Batmaz and Mark\u00a0D. Griffiths. 2024. Online Gaming Addiction and Basic Psychological Needs Among Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Meaning in Life and Responsibility. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 22 4 (Aug. 2024) 2413\u20132437. 10.1007\/s11469-022-00994-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-022-00994-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A.\u00a0S. Khodaev and L.\u00a0N. Makarova. 2024. Artificial Intelligence and Adolescents\u2019 Socialization: Risks of Influence. Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities 29 4 (Oct. 2024) 1011\u20131021. 10.20310\/1810-0201-2024-29-4-1011-1021","DOI":"10.20310\/1810-0201-2024-29-4-1011-1021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3170427.3188548"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642937"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Theodora Koulouri Robert\u00a0D. Macredie and David Olakitan. 2022. Chatbots to Support Young Adults\u2019 Mental Health: An Exploratory Study of Acceptability. ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems 12 2 (June 2022) 1\u201339. 10.1145\/3485874","DOI":"10.1145\/3485874"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_77_2","unstructured":"Daria Kuss and Mark Griffiths. 2011. Excessive Online Social Networking: Can Adolescents Become Addicted to Facebook? Education and Health 29 (Jan. 2011) 68\u201371."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jeroen\u00a0S. Lemmens Patti\u00a0M. Valkenburg and Jochen Peter. 2009. Development and Validation of a Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents. Media Psychology 12 1 (Feb. 2009) 77\u201395. 10.1080\/15213260802669458","DOI":"10.1080\/15213260802669458"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_79_2","unstructured":"Amanda Lenhart Aaron Smith Monica Anderson Maeve Duggan and Andrew Perrin. 2015. Teens Technology and Friendships. Pew Research Center."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445488"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dandan Liu. 2025. Is Interaction Between Human and Artificial Intelligence\u2013Driven Agents (Para)Social? A Scoping Review. Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking 28 8 (Aug. 2025) 551\u2013558. 10.1089\/cyber.2024.0532","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2024.0532"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_82_2","unstructured":"Natasha Lomas. 2023. Replika a \u201cVirtual Friendship\u201d Ai Chatbot Hit with Data Ban in Italy over Child Safety."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_83_2","unstructured":"Luka Inc.2023. Replika Terms of Service. https:\/\/replika.com\/legal\/terms. Last updated February 7 2023; accessed August 29 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kathleen\u00a0M. MacQueen Eleanor McLellan Kelly Kay and Bobby Milstein. 1998. Codebook Development for Team-Based Qualitative Analysis. CAM Journal 10 2 (May 1998) 31\u201336. 10.1177\/1525822X980100020301","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X980100020301"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3630106.3658956"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3630106.3658956"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim Malfacini. 2025. The Impacts of Companion AI on Human Relationships: Risks Benefits and Design Considerations. AI & SOCIETY 40 7 (Oct. 2025) 5527\u20135540. 10.1007\/s00146-025-02318-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-025-02318-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3563657.3596009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_89_2","unstructured":"Shiona McCallum. 2025. Taco Bell Rethinks Ai Drive-through after Man Orders 18 000 Waters."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_90_2","unstructured":"Liv McMahon. 2025. Character.Ai to Ban Teens from Talking to Its Ai Chatbots."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Luca Milani Elena Camisasca Chiara Ionio Sarah Miragoli and Paola Di\u00a0Blasio. 2020. Video Games Use in Childhood and Adolescence: Social Phobia and Differential Susceptibility to Media Effects. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 25 2 (April 2020) 456\u2013470. 10.1177\/1359104519882754","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104519882754"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kayley Moylan and Kevin Doherty. 2025. Expert and Interdisciplinary Analysis of AI-Driven Chatbots for Mental Health Support: Mixed Methods Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 27 (April 2025) e67114. 10.2196\/67114","DOI":"10.2196\/67114"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sankha\u00a0Subhra Mullick Shounak Datta Sourish\u00a0Gunesh Dhekane and Swagatam Das. 2020. Appropriateness of Performance Indices for Imbalanced Data Classification: An Analysis. Pattern Recognition 102 (June 2020) 107197. 10.1016\/j.patcog.2020.107197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2020.107197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_94_2","unstructured":"Almha Murphy. 2025. \u201cKids Form Romantic Attachments to Ai Bots\u201d Warns Child Safeguarding Group."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jason\u00a0M. Nagata Zain Memon Oliver Huang and Megan\u00a0A. Moreno. 2025. Adolescent Health and Generative AI\u2014Risks and Benefits. JAMA Pediatrics (Nov. 2025). 10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2025.4502","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2025.4502"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3637528.3671444"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Namvarpour and A. Razi. 2024. Apprentices to Research Assistants: Advancing Research with Large Language Models. 10.48550\/ARXIV.2404.06404","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2404.06404"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3678884.3681909"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3717867.3717874"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohammad\u00a0(Matt) Namvarpour Harrison Pauwels and Afsaneh Razi. 2025. AI-induced Sexual Harassment: Investigating Contextual Characteristics and User Reactions of Sexual Harassment by a Companion Chatbot. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 9 7 (Oct. 2025) 1\u201328. 10.1145\/3757548","DOI":"10.1145\/3757548"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3719160.3736621"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3501712.3529740"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heather\u00a0L. O\u2019Brien Ido Roll Andrea Kampen and Nilou Davoudi. 2022. Rethinking (Dis)Engagement in Human-Computer Interaction. Computers in Human Behavior 128 (March 2022) 107109. 10.1016\/j.chb.2021.107109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.107109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Morgan\u00a0E. PettyJohn Kyla\u00a0M. Cary Erin Nolen and Toni\u00a0A. Gallegos. 2025. \u201cI\u2019m Not Experienced... Please Send Advice\u201d: Teens Seeking Information and Advice About Sexual Behaviors on Reddit. The Journal of Sex Research 62 7 (Sept. 2025) 1186\u20131197. 10.1080\/00224499.2024.2446643","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2024.2446643"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nicholas Pratt Ricky Madhavan and Jeremy Weleff. 2024. Digital Dialogue\u2014How Youth Are Interacting With Chatbots. JAMA Pediatrics 178 5 (May 2024) 429. 10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2024.0084","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2024.0084"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gale\u00a0H. Prinster C.\u00a0Estelle Smith Chenhao Tan and Brian\u00a0C. Keegan. 2024. Community Archetypes: An Empirical Framework for Guiding Research Methodologies to Reflect User Experiences of Sense of Virtual Community on Reddit. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 8 CSCW1 (April 2024) 1\u201333. 10.1145\/3637310","DOI":"10.1145\/3637310"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kevin Proudfoot. 2023. Inductive\/Deductive Hybrid Thematic Analysis in Mixed Methods Research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research 17 3 (July 2023) 308\u2013326. 10.1177\/15586898221126816","DOI":"10.1177\/15586898221126816"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Afsaneh Razi Ashwaq Alsoubai Seunghyun Kim Shiza Ali Gianluca Stringhini Munmun De\u00a0Choudhury and Pamela\u00a0J. Wisniewski. 2023. Sliding into My DMs: Detecting Uncomfortable or Unsafe Sexual Risk Experiences within Instagram Direct Messages Grounded in the Perspective of Youth. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 7 CSCW1 Article 89 (April 2023) 29\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3579522","DOI":"10.1145\/3579522"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Afsaneh Razi Seunghyun Kim Ashwaq Alsoubai Gianluca Stringhini Thamar Solorio Munmun De\u00a0Choudhury and Pamela\u00a0J. Wisniewski. 2021. A Human-Centered Systematic Literature Review of the Computational Approaches for Online Sexual Risk Detection. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 5 CSCW2 Article 465 (Oct. 2021) 38\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3479609","DOI":"10.1145\/3479609"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Afsaneh Razi John\u00a0S. Seberger Ashwaq Alsoubai Nurun Naher Munmun De\u00a0Choudhury and Pamela\u00a0J. Wisniewski. 2024. Toward Trauma-Informed Research Practices with Youth in HCI: Caring for Participants and Research Assistants When Studying Sensitive Topics. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 8 CSCW1 Article 134 (April 2024) 31\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3637411","DOI":"10.1145\/3637411"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_111_2","volume-title":"Talk, Trust, and Trade-Offs: How and Why Teens Use AI Companions","author":"Robb Michael\u00a0B.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Michael\u00a0B. Robb and Supreet Mann. 2025. Talk, Trust, and Trade-Offs: How and Why Teens Use AI Companions. Technical Report. Common Sense Media, San Francisco, CA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Malak Sadek Rafael\u00a0A. Calvo and C\u00e9line Mougenot. 2023. Co-Designing Conversational Agents: A Comprehensive Review and Recommendations for Best Practices. Design Studies 89 (Dec. 2023) 101230. 10.1016\/j.destud.2023.101230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2023.101230"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohammed Salah Fadi Abdelfattah Hussam Alhalbusi and Muna\u00a0Al Mukhaini. 2023. Me and My AI Bot: Exploring the \u2019AIholic\u2019 Phenomenon and University Students\u2019 Dependency on Generative AI Chatbots - Is This the New Academic Addiction?10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3508563\/v1","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3508563\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Keziban Salaheddin and Barbara Mason. 2016. Identifying Barriers to Mental Health Help-Seeking among Young Adults in the UK: A Cross-Sectional Survey. British Journal of General Practice 66 651 (Oct. 2016) e686\u2013e692. 10.3399\/bjgp16X687313","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp16X687313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Benjamin Saunders Julius Sim Tom Kingstone Shula Baker Jackie Waterfield Bernadette Bartlam Heather Burroughs and Clare Jinks. 2018. Saturation in Qualitative Research: Exploring Its Conceptualization and Operationalization. Quality & Quantity 52 4 (July 2018) 1893\u20131907. 10.1007\/s11135-017-0574-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-017-0574-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781410615862"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1094562.1094569"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642152"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rachel\u00a0L Severson and Shailee\u00a0R Woodard. 2018. Imagining others\u2019 minds: The positive relation between children\u2019s role play and anthropomorphism. Frontiers in psychology 9 (2018) 2140.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02140"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhouxing Shi Yihan Wang Fan Yin Xiangning Chen Kai-Wei Chang and Cho-Jui Hsieh. 2024. Red teaming language model detectors with language models. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 12 (2024) 174\u2013189.","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00639"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_121_2","unstructured":"Olivia Sidoti Eugenie Park and Jeffrey Gottfried. 2025. About a Quarter of U.S. Teens Have Used ChatGPT for Schoolwork \u2013 Double the Share in 2023. Pew Research Center (Jan. 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Quinn Snell Chase Westhoff John Westhoff Ethan Low Carl\u00a0L Hanson and E\u00a0Shannon\u00a0Neeley Tass. 2025. Assessing Large Language Models in Building a Structured Dataset From AskDocs Subreddit Data: Methodological Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 27 (Oct. 2025) e74094\u2013e74094. 10.2196\/74094","DOI":"10.2196\/74094"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Inhwa Song SoHyun Park Sachin\u00a0R. Pendse Jessica\u00a0Lee Schleider Munmun De\u00a0Choudhury and Young-Ho Kim. 2024. ExploreSelf: Fostering User-driven Exploration and Reflection on Personal Challenges with Adaptive Guidance by Large Language Models. (2024). 10.48550\/ARXIV.2409.09662","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2409.09662"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gayle\u00a0S. Stever. 2011. Fan Behavior and Lifespan Development Theory: Explaining Para-social and Social Attachment to Celebrities. Journal of Adult Development 18 1 (March 2011) 1\u20137. 10.1007\/s10804-010-9100-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s10804-010-9100-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tina Sum. 2025. Digital Companionship with Artificial Social Intelligence: Conversational Chatbots and Their Fulfillment of Social Needs of Adolescents. 10.2139\/ssrn.5262240","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5262240"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_126_2","unstructured":"The Character\u00a0Leadership Team. 2024. How Character.Ai Prioritizes Teen Safety."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amanda\u00a0N. Tolbert and Kristin\u00a0L. Drogos. 2019. Tweens\u2019 Wishful Identification and Parasocial Relationships With YouTubers. Frontiers in Psychology 10 (Dec. 2019) 2781. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02781","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02781"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Beatrice Tosti Stefano Corrado and Stefania Mancone. 2024. Using Chatbots and Conversational Agents for the Promotion of Well-being and Mental Health in Adolescents: Limitations and Perspectives. Journal of Inclusive Methodology and Technology in Learning and Teaching 4 1 (June 2024). 10.32043\/jimtlt.v4i1.128","DOI":"10.32043\/jimtlt.v4i1.128"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3383668.3419848"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_130_2","unstructured":"Neda Ulaby. 2025. Most teens have used AI to flirt and chat - but still prefer human interaction. https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2025\/07\/20\/nx-s1-5471268\/teens-ai-friends-chat-risks"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54675\/RAPC9356"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jan-Willem Van Der\u00a0Rijt Dimitri Coelho\u00a0Mollo and Bram Vaassen. 2025. AI Mimicry and Human Dignity: Chatbot Use as a Violation of Self-Respect. Journal of Applied Philosophy (Aug. 2025) japp.70037. 10.1111\/japp.70037","DOI":"10.1111\/japp.70037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ga\u00eblle Vanhoffelen Laura Vandenbosch and Lara Schreurs. 2025. Teens Tech and Talk: Adolescents\u2019 Use of and Emotional Reactions to Snapchat\u2019s My AI Chatbot. Behavioral Sciences 15 8 (July 2025) 1037. 10.3390\/bs15081037","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15081037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moshe\u00a0Y. Vardi. 2018. Move Fast and Break Things. Commun. ACM 61 9 (Aug. 2018) 7\u20137. 10.1145\/3244026","DOI":"10.1145\/3244026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tim Verbeij J.\u00a0Loes Pouwels Ine Beyens and Patti\u00a0M. Valkenburg. 2022. Experience Sampling Self-Reports of Social Media Use Have Comparable Predictive Validity to Digital Trace Measures. Scientific Reports 12 1 (May 2022) 7611. 10.1038\/s41598-022-11510-3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11510-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jingsong Wang and Shen Wang. 2025. The Emotional Reinforcement Mechanism of and Phased Intervention Strategies for Social Media Addiction. Behavioral Sciences 15 5 (May 2025) 665. 10.3390\/bs15050665","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15050665"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhiqiang Wang Yiran Pang and Yanbin Lin. 2023. Large Language Models Are Zero-Shot Text Classifiers. 10.48550\/ARXIV.2312.01044","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2312.01044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_138_2","unstructured":"Wikipedia. 2025. Happy path \u2014 Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Happy%20path&oldid=1306187340. [Online; accessed 11-September-2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2998181.2998352"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Viviana\u00a0M. Wuthrich and Jacqueline Frei. 2015. Barriers to Treatment for Older Adults Seeking Psychological Therapy. International Psychogeriatrics 27 7 (July 2015) 1227\u20131236. 10.1017\/S1041610215000241","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610215000241"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tianling Xie Iryna Pentina and Tyler Hancock. 2023. Friend Mentor Lover: Does Chatbot Engagement Lead to Psychological Dependence? Journal of Service Management 34 4 (June 2023) 806\u2013828. 10.1108\/JOSM-02-2022-0072","DOI":"10.1108\/JOSM-02-2022-0072"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fan Yang and Atsushi Oshio. 2025. Using Attachment Theory to Conceptualize and Measure the Experiences in Human-AI Relationships. Current Psychology 44 11 (June 2025) 10658\u201310669. 10.1007\/s12144-025-07917-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-025-07917-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dong\u00a0Whi Yoo Jiayue\u00a0Melissa Shi Violeta\u00a0J. Rodriguez and Koustuv Saha. 2025. AI Chatbots for Mental Health: Values and Harms from Lived Experiences of Depression. 10.48550\/ARXIV.2504.18932","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2504.18932"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jina Yoon Amy\u00a0X. Zhang and Joseph Seering. 2025. \"It\u2019s Great Because It\u2019s Ran By Us\": Empowering Teen Volunteer Discord Moderators to Design Healthy and Engaging Youth-Led Online Communities. (2025). 10.48550\/ARXIV.2502.06985","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2502.06985"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642574"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sen-Chi Yu Hong-Ren Chen and Yu-Wen Yang. 2024. Development and Validation the Problematic ChatGPT Use Scale: A Preliminary Report. Current Psychology 43 31 (Aug. 2024) 26080\u201326092. 10.1007\/s12144-024-06259-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-024-06259-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yaman Yu Yiren Liu Jacky Zhang Yun Huang and Yang Wang. 2025. Understanding Generative AI Risks for Youth: A Taxonomy Based on Empirical Data. 10.48550\/ARXIV.2502.16383","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2502.16383"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3719027.3765168"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yaman Yu Mohi Aishi Debroy Xin Cao Karen Rudolph and Yang Wang. 2025. Principles of Safe AI Companions for Youth: Parent and Expert Perspectives. 10.48550\/ARXIV.2510.11185","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2510.11185"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP61157.2025.00090"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shunan Zhang Xiangying Zhao Tong Zhou and Jang\u00a0Hyun Kim. 2024. Do You Have AI Dependency? The Roles of Academic Self-Efficacy Academic Stress and Performance Expectations on Problematic AI Usage Behavior. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education 21 1 (May 2024) 34. 10.1186\/s41239-024-00467-0","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-024-00467-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xinyu Zhang Jianfeng Zhu Deric\u00a0R Kenne and Ruoming Jin. 2025. Teenager Substance Use on Reddit: Mixed Methods Computational Analysis of Frames and Emotions. Journal of Medical Internet Research 27 (Feb. 2025) e59338. 10.2196\/59338","DOI":"10.2196\/59338"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ariel Zylberman. 2017. Two Second-Personal Conceptions of the Dignity of Persons. European Journal of Philosophy 25 4 (Dec. 2017) 921\u2013943. 10.1111\/ejop.12210","DOI":"10.1111\/ejop.12210"}],"event":{"name":"CHI 2026: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Barcelona Spain","acronym":"CHI '26","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T07:31:49Z","timestamp":1776065509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3772318.3790597"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"references-count":152,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3772318.3790597","10.1145\/3772318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3772318.3790597","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}