{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T11:59:13Z","timestamp":1781006353938,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":119,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space","award":["16KIS2115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16KIS2115"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3772318.3790638","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T04:12:28Z","timestamp":1776053548000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["With, not For: Co-Designing a Patient-Facing AI Companion Concept for the Emergency Department Waiting Area"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8386-1521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacobe","family":"Klein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0493-2895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"S\u00f6rries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4137-5964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasemin","family":"Mutlugil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8616-0234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ceenu","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3771-9783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Altendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7691-3709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"M\u00f6ckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5143-1770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"M\u00fcller-Birn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3719160.3736634"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713756"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300342"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCI62032.2023.00220"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Minja Axelsson Raquel Oliveira Mattia Racca and Ville Kyrki. 2021. Social Robot Co-Design Canvases: A Participatory Design Framework. ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction 11 1 Article 3 (October 2021) 39\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3472225","DOI":"10.1145\/3472225"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376809"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800232-2.00012-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376718"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1358628.1358908"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3551624.3555290"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chris Brown Rayiz Nazeer Austin Gibbs Pierre Le\u00a0Page and Andrew\u00a0RJ Mitchell. 2023. Breaking Bias: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Improving Clinical Decision-Making. Cureus 15 3 (March 2023) e36415. 10.7759\/cureus.36415","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.36415"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Felix Busch Lena Hoffmann Lina Xu Long\u00a0Jiang Zhang Bin Hu Ignacio Garc\u00eda-Ju\u00e1rez Liz\u00a0N. Toapanta-Yanchapaxi Natalia Gorelik Val\u00e9rie Gorelik Gaston\u00a0A. Rodriguez-Granillo Carlos Ferrarotti Nguyen\u00a0N. Cuong Chau A.\u00a0P. Thi Murat Tuncel G\u00fcrsan Kaya Sergio\u00a0M. Solis-Barquero Maria C.\u00a0Mendez Avila Nevena\u00a0G. Ivanova Felipe\u00a0C. Kitamura Karina Y.\u00a0I. Hayama Monserrat L.\u00a0Puntunet Bates Pedro\u00a0Iturralde Torres Esteban Ortiz-Prado Juan\u00a0S. Izquierdo-Condoy Gilbert\u00a0M. Schwarz Jochen\u00a0G. Hofstaetter Michihiro Hide Konagi Takeda Barbara Peri\u0107 Ga\u0161per Pilko Hans\u00a0O. Thulesius Thomas Lindow Israel\u00a0K. Kolawole Samuel\u00a0Adegboyega Olatoke Andrzej Grzybowski Alexandru Corlateanu Oana-Simina Iaconi Ting Li Izabela Domitrz Katarzyna K\u0119pczy\u0144ska Mat\u00fa\u0161 Mihal\u010din Lenka Fa\u0161anekov\u00e1 Tomasz Zato\u0144ski Katarzyna Fu\u0142ek Andr\u00e1s Moln\u00e1r Stefani Maihoub Zenewton A. da\u00a0Silva Gama Luca Saba Petros Sountoulides Marcus\u00a0R. Makowski Hugo J. W.\u00a0L. Aerts Lisa\u00a0C. Adams Keno\u00a0K. Bressem Comfort Consortium \u00c1lvaro\u00a0Ace\u00f1a Navarro Catarina \u00c1guas Martina Aineseder Muaed Alomar Rashid\u00a0Al Sliman Gautam Anand Salita Angkurawaranon Shuhei Aoki Samuel Arkoh Gizem Ashraf Yesi Astri Sameer Bakhshi Nuru\u00a0Y. Bayramov Antonis Billis Almir G.\u00a0V. Bitencourt Anetta Bolejko Antonio J.\u00a0Bollas Becerra Joe Bwambale Andreia Capela Riccardo Cau Kelly\u00a0R. Chacon-Acevedo Tafadzwa\u00a0L. Chaunzwa Rubens Chojniak Warren Clements Renato Cuocolo Victor Dahlblom Kelienny de\u00a0Meneses Sousa Jorge\u00a0Esteban Villarrubia Vijay\u00a0B. Desai Ajaya\u00a0K. Dhakal Virginia Dignum Rubens G.\u00a0Feijo Andrade Giovanna Ferraioli Shuvadeep Ganguly Harshit Garg Cvetanka\u00a0Gjerakaroska Savevska Marija\u00a0Gjerakaroska Radovikj Anastasia Gkartzoni Luis Gorospe Ian Griffin Martin Hadamitzky Martin\u00a0Hakorimana Ndahiro Alessa Hering Bruno Hochhegger Mehriban\u00a0R. Huseynova Fujimaro Ishida Nisha Jha Lili Jiang Rawen Kader Helen Kavnoudias Cl\u00e9ment Klein George Kolostoumpis Abraham Koshy Nicholas\u00a0A. Kruger Alexander L\u00f6ser Marko Lucijanic Despoina Mantziari Gaelle Margue Sonyia McFadden Masahiro Miyake Wipawee Morakote Issa Ngabonziza Thao\u00a0T. Nguyen Stefan\u00a0M. Niehues Marc Nortje Subish Palaian Natalia\u00a0V. Pentara Rui P.\u00a0Pereira de Almeida Gianluigi Poma Mitayani Purwoko Nikolaos Pyrgidis Vasileios Rafailidis Clare Rainey Jo\u00e3o\u00a0C. Ribeiro Nicol\u00e1s\u00a0Rozo Agudelo Keina Sado Julia\u00a0M. Saidman Pedro\u00a0J. Saturno-Hernandez Vidyani Suryadevara Gerald\u00a0B. Schulz Ena Soric Javier Soto-P\u00e9rez-Olivares Arnaldo Stanzione Julian\u00a0Peter Struck Hiroyuki Takaoka Satoru Tanioka Tran T.\u00a0M. Huyen Daniel Truhn Elon H.\u00a0C. van Dijk Peter van Wijngaarden Yuan-Cheng Wang Matthias Weidlich and Shuhang Zhang. 2025. Multinational Attitudes Toward AI in Health Care and Diagnostics Among Hospital Patients. JAMA Network Open 8 6 (June 2025) e2514452\u2013e2514452. 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.14452","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.14452"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3652037.3663953"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858498"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Samantha Calder-Sprackman Edmund S.\u00a0H. Kwok Renee Bradley Jeffrey Landreville Jeffrey\u00a0J. Perry and Lisa\u00a0A. Calder. 2021. Availability of Emergency Department Wait Times Information: A Patient-Centered Needs Assessment. Emergency Medicine International 2021 (April 2021) 1\u20136. 10.1155\/2021\/8883933","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8883933"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nicolas Carl Sarah Haggenm\u00fcller Christoph Wies Lisa Nguyen Jana\u00a0Theres Winterstein Martin\u00a0Joachim Hetz Maurin\u00a0Helen Mangold Friedrich\u00a0Otto Hartung Britta Gr\u00fcne Tim Holland-Letz Maurice\u00a0Stephan Michel Titus\u00a0Josef Brinker and Frederik Wessels. 2025. Evaluating Interactions of Patients with Large Language Models for Medical Information. Bju International 135 6 (June 2025) 1010\u20131017. 10.1111\/bju.16676","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.16676"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mai\u00a0Lee Chang Samantha Reig Alicia (Hyun\u00a0Jin) Lee Anna Huang Hugo Sim\u00e3o Nara Han Neeta\u00a0M Khanuja Abdullah\u00a0Ubed Mohammad\u00a0Ali Rebekah Martinez John Zimmerman Jodi Forlizzi and Aaron Steinfeld. 2025. Unremarkable to Remarkable AI Agent: Exploring Boundaries of Agent Intervention for Adults With and Without Cognitive Impairment. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 9 2 Article CSCW200 (May 2025) 26\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3711098","DOI":"10.1145\/3711098"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin. 2026. \u00dcber die Notfallmedizin Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte (CCM) und Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK). Retrieved from https:\/\/notfallmedizin-nord.charite.de\/ueber_die_notfallmedizin_ccm_und_cvk. Accessed: 2026-01-19."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gabrielle Chenais Emmanuel Lagarde and C\u00e9dric Gil-Jardin\u00e9. 2023. Artificial Intelligence in Emergency Medicine: Viewpoint of Current Applications and Foreseeable Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Medical Internet Research 25 (May 2023) e40031. 10.2196\/40031","DOI":"10.2196\/40031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sae\u00a0Won Choi Taehoon Ko Ki\u00a0Jeong Hong and Kyung\u00a0Hwan Kim. 2019. Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Korean Triage and Acuity Scale Level in Emergency Department Patients. Healthcare Informatics Research 25 4 (Oct. 2019) 305\u2013312. 10.4258\/hir.2019.25.4.305","DOI":"10.4258\/hir.2019.25.4.305"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3719160.3736617"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dave deBronkart. 2015. From Patient Centred to People Powered: Autonomy on the Rise. BMJ (Feb. 2015) h148. 10.1136\/bmj.h148","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h148"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2460625.2460637"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3643834.3661499"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642696"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706599.3719283"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Magda Eriksson-Liebon Stefanie Roos and Ingrid Hellstr\u00f6m. 2021. Patients\u2019 Expectations and Experiences of Being Involved in Their Own Care in the Emergency Department: A Qualitative Interview Study. Journal of Clinical Nursing 30 13-14 (2021) 1942\u20131952. 10.1111\/jocn.15746","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15746"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cristiano Fabbri Michele Lombardi Enrico Malaguti and Michele Monaci. 2024. On-Line Strategy Selection for Reducing Overcrowding in an Emergency Department. Omega 127 (Sept. 2024) 103098. 10.1016\/j.omega.2024.103098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2024.103098"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Md. Faiyazuddin Syed Jalal\u00a0Q. Rahman Gaurav Anand Reyaz\u00a0Kausar Siddiqui Rachana Mehta Mahalaqua\u00a0Nazli Khatib Shilpa Gaidhane Quazi\u00a0Syed Zahiruddin Arif Hussain and Ranjit Sah. 2025. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review of Advancements in Diagnostics Treatment and Operational Efficiency. Health Science Reports 8 1 (January 2025) e70312. 10.1002\/hsr2.70312","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70312"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Antje Fischer-Rosinsk\u00fd Anna Slagman David Legg Yves-Noel Wu Ryan King Stephanie Roll Thomas Keil and Martin M\u00f6ckel. 2024. Frequency Demographics Diagnoses and Consultation Patterns Associated with Low-Acuity Attendances in German Emergency Departments: A Retrospective Routine Healthcare Data Analysis from the INDEED Project. BMJ Open 14 12 (December 2024) e084986. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-084986","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-084986"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642214"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thomas Franke Christiane Attig and Daniel Wessel. 2019. A Personal Resource for Technology Interaction: Development and Validation of the Affinity for Technology Interaction (ATI) Scale. International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction 35 6 (April 2019) 456\u2013467. 10.1080\/10447318.2018.1456150","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2018.1456150"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7585.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","unstructured":"Lutz Gegner and M. Runonen. 2012. For What It Is Worth: Anticipated eXperience Evaluation. 8th International Conference on Design and Emotion: Out of Control - Proceedings (01 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"U\u011fur Gen\u00e7 and Himanshu Verma. 2024. Situating Empathy in HCI\/CSCW: A Scoping Review. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 8 CSCW2 (Nov. 2024) 513:1\u2013513:37. 10.1145\/3687052","DOI":"10.1145\/3687052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nathaniel\u00a0R. Greenbaum Yacine Jernite Yoni Halpern Shelley Calder Larry\u00a0A. Nathanson David\u00a0A. Sontag and Steven Horng. 2019. Improving Documentation of Presenting Problems in the Emergency Department Using a Domain-Specific Ontology and Machine Learning-Driven User Interfaces. International Journal of Medical Informatics 132 (Dec. 2019) 103981. 10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2019.103981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2019.103981"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642472"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wolf\u00a0E. Hautz Thimo Marcin Stefanie\u00a0C. Hautz Stefan\u00a0K. Schauber Gert Krummrey Martin M\u00fcller Thomas\u00a0C. Sauter Cornelia Lambrigger David Schwappach Mathieu Nendaz Gregor Lindner Simon Bosbach Ines Griesshammer Philipp Sch\u00f6nberg Emanuel Pl\u00fcss Valerie Romann Svenja Ravioli Nadine Werthm\u00fcller Fabian K\u00f6lbener Aristomenis\u00a0K. Exadaktylos Hardeep Singh and Laura Zwaan. 2025. Diagnoses Supported by a Computerised Diagnostic Decision Support System versus Conventional Diagnoses in Emergency Patients (DDX-BRO): A Multicentre Multiple-Period Double-Blind Cluster-Randomised Crossover Superiority Trial. The Lancet Digital Health 7 2 (February 2025) e136\u2013e144. 10.1016\/S2589-7500(24)00250-4","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(24)00250-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jennifer Hitzek Antje Fischer-Rosinsk\u00fd Martin M\u00f6ckel Stella\u00a0Linnea Kuhlmann and Anna Slagman. 2022. Influence of Weekday and Seasonal Trends on Urgency and In-hospital Mortality of Emergency Department Patients. Frontiers in Public Health 10 (April 2022) 711235. 10.3389\/fpubh.2022.711235","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.711235"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174050"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3643834.3661633"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3571884.3597439"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580712"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3714105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bo Hu Yuanyi Mao and Ki\u00a0Joon Kim. 2023. How Social Anxiety Leads to Problematic Use of Conversational AI: The Roles of Loneliness Rumination and Mind Perception. Computers in Human Behavior 145 (Aug. 2023) 107760. 10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107760"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713587"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290607.3299002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oleksandr Ivanov Lisa Wolf Deena Brecher Erica Lewis Kevin Masek Kyla Montgomery Yurii Andrieiev Moss McLaughlin Stephen Liu Robert Dunne Kevin Klauer and Christian Reilly. 2021. Improving ED Emergency Severity Index Acuity Assignment Using Machine Learning and Clinical Natural Language Processing. Journal of Emergency Nursing 47 2 (March 2021) 265\u2013278.e7. 10.1016\/j.jen.2020.11.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2020.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carrie Janerka Gavin\u00a0D. Leslie and Fenella\u00a0J. Gill. 2024. Patient Experience of Emergency Department Triage: An Integrative Review. International Emergency Nursing 74 (June 2024) 101456. 10.1016\/j.ienj.2024.101456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2024.101456"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Angeliki Kerasidou. 2020. Artificial Intelligence and the Ongoing Need for Empathy Compassion and Trust in Healthcare. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 98 4 (April 2020) 245\u2013250. 10.2471\/BLT.19.237198","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.19.237198"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642883"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642937"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642693"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3469595.3469599"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713322"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marvin Kopka Lennart Scatturin Hendrik Napierala Daniel F\u00fcrstenau Markus\u00a0A. Feufel Felix Balzer and Malte\u00a0L. Schmieding. 2023. Characteristics of Users and Nonusers of Symptom Checkers in Germany: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 25 1 (June 2023) e46231. 10.2196\/46231","DOI":"10.2196\/46231"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/257089.257257"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54337\/aau.dlm1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"David Legg Antje Fischer-Rosinsky Felix Holzinger Martin M\u00f6ckel and Anna Slagman. 2022. Overcoming Terminological Inconsistency in the Study of Emergency Department Attendees Who Do Not Require Clinically Defined Emergency Care. European Journal of Emergency Medicine: Official Journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine 29 6 (Dec. 2022) 395\u2013396. 10.1097\/MEJ.0000000000000981","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0000000000000981"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3641913"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713613"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300885"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhe Liu Jiamin Dai Cristina Conati and Joanna McGrenere. 2025. Envisioning AI Support during Semi-Structured Interviews Across the Expertise Spectrum. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 9 2 (May 2025) CSCW011:1\u2013CSCW011:29. 10.1145\/3710909","DOI":"10.1145\/3710909"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meagan\u00a0B. Loerakker Jasmin Niess and Pawe\u0142\u00a0W. Wo\u017aniak. 2024. Technology Which Makes You Think: The Reflection Rumination and Thought in Technology Scale. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 8 2 (May 2024) 1\u201324. 10.1145\/3659615","DOI":"10.1145\/3659615"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Giorgia Lorenzini Laura Arbelaez\u00a0Ossa David\u00a0Martin Shaw and Bernice\u00a0Simone Elger. 2023. Artificial Intelligence and the Doctor\u2013Patient Relationship Expanding the Paradigm of Shared Decision Making. Bioethics 37 5 (June 2023) 424\u2013429. 10.1111\/bioe.13158","DOI":"10.1111\/bioe.13158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_67_2","volume-title":"Emergency Triage: Manchester Triage Group, 3rd Edition (Version 3.8, 2023) (3rd ed.)","author":"Mackway-Jones Kevin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kevin Mackway-Jones, Janet Marsden, and Jill Windle. 2023. Emergency Triage: Manchester Triage Group, 3rd Edition (Version 3.8, 2023) (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713839"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_69_2","volume-title":"Qualitative Content Analysis: Theoretical Foundation, Basic Procedures and Software Solution","author":"Mayring Philipp","year":"2014","unstructured":"Philipp Mayring. 2014. Qualitative Content Analysis: Theoretical Foundation, Basic Procedures and Software Solution. Klagenfurt."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marijke Melles Armagan Albayrak and Richard Goossens. 2020. Innovating Health Care: Key Characteristics of Human-Centered Design. International Journal for Quality in Health Care 33 Suppl 1 (Oct. 2020) 37\u201344. 10.1093\/intqhc\/mzaa127","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzaa127"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leander Melms J\u00fcrgen\u00a0R. Sch\u00e4fer Andreas Jerrentrup and Tobias M\u00fcller. 2021. A Pilot Study of Patient Satisfaction with a Self-Completed Tablet-Based Digital Questionnaire for Collecting the Patient\u2019s Medical History in an Emergency Department. BMC Health Services Research 21 1 (July 2021) 755. 10.1186\/s12913-021-06748-y","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06748-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bertalan Mesko Dave deBronkart Pranavsingh Dhunnoo Nora Arvai Gell\u00e9rt Katonai and Sara Riggare. 2025. The Evolution of Patient Empowerment and Its Impact on Health Care\u2019s Future. Journal of Medical Internet Research 27 (May 2025) e60562. 10.2196\/60562","DOI":"10.2196\/60562"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carlos Montemayor Jodi Halpern and Abrol Fairweather. 2022. In Principle Obstacles for Empathic AI: Why We Can\u2019t Replace Human Empathy in Healthcare. AI & SOCIETY 37 4 (December 2022) 1353\u20131359. 10.1007\/s00146-021-01230-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-021-01230-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chiara Morlotti Mattia Cattaneo Stefano Paleari Filippo Manelli and Francesco Locati. 2024. The Digitalization of Emergency Department Triage: The Perspectives of Health Professionals and Patients. BMC Health Services Research 24 1 (November 2024) 1406. 10.1186\/s12913-024-11862-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11862-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_75_2","volume-title":"To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism","author":"Morozov Evgeny","year":"2013","unstructured":"Evgeny Morozov. 2013. To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism. Hachette UK."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sally Moy Mona Irannejad Stephanie\u00a0Jeanneret Manning Mehrdad Farahani Yomna Ahmed Ellis Gao Radhika Prabhune Suzan Lorenz Raza Mirza and Christopher Klinger. 2024. Patient Perspectives on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: A Scoping Review. Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews 11 1 (April 2024) 51\u201362. 10.17294\/2330-0698.2029","DOI":"10.17294\/2330-0698.2029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hendrik Napierala Marvin Kopka Maria\u00a0B. Altendorf Myrto Bolanaki Konrad Schmidt Sophie\u00a0K. Piper Christoph Heintze Martin M\u00f6ckel Felix Balzer Anna Slagman and Malte\u00a0L. Schmieding. 2022. Examining the Impact of a Symptom Assessment Application on Patient-Physician Interaction among Self-Referred Walk-in Patients in the Emergency Department (AKUSYM): Study Protocol for a Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Parallel-Group Superiority Trial. Trials 23 1 (2022) 791. 10.1186\/s13063-022-06688-w","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06688-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3757980.3758001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3419249.3420134"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Christina \u00d8stervang Charlotte\u00a0Myhre Jensen Elisabeth Coyne Karin\u00a0B Dieperink and Annmarie Lassen. 2024. Usability and Evaluation of a Health Information System in the Emergency Department: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Human Factors 11 (Feb. 2024) e48445. 10.2196\/48445","DOI":"10.2196\/48445"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Christina \u00d8stervang Annmarie Lassen Thomas Schmidt Elisabeth Coyne Karin\u00a0Brochstedt Dieperink and Charlotte\u00a0Myhre Jensen. 2022. Development of a Health Information System to Promote Emergency Care Pathways: A Participatory Design Study. Digital Health 8 (2022) 20552076221145856. 10.1177\/20552076221145856","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076221145856"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Christina \u00d8stervang Annmarie\u00a0Touborg Lassen Charlotte\u00a0Myhre Jensen Elisabeth Coyne and Karin\u00a0Brochstedt Dieperink. 2021. What Are the Needs and Preferences of Patients and Family Members Discharged from the Emergency Department within 24 Hours? A Qualitative Study towards a Family-Centred Approach. BMJ Open 11 11 (Nov. 2021) e050694. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-050694","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-050694"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642619"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carl Preiksaitis Nicholas Ashenburg Gabrielle Bunney Andrew Chu Rana Kabeer Fran Riley Ryan Ribeira and Christian Rose. 2024. The Role of Large Language Models in Transforming Emergency Medicine: Scoping Review. JMIR Medical Informatics 12 (May 2024) e53787. 10.2196\/53787","DOI":"10.2196\/53787"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yoshihiko Raita Tadahiro Goto Mohammad\u00a0Kamal Faridi David F.\u00a0M. Brown Carlos\u00a0A. Camargo and Kohei Hasegawa. 2019. Emergency Department Triage Prediction of Clinical Outcomes Using Machine Learning Models. Critical Care 23 1 (Feb. 2019) 64. 10.1186\/s13054-019-2351-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2351-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johanna\u00a0Frey Renggli Ceylan Eken Victoria Siegrist Ricardo\u00a0Nieves Ortega Christian Nickel Christiane Rosin Ralph Hertwig and Ronald Bingisser. 2020. Usability of a Web-based Software Tool for History Taking in the Emergency Department. Acute medicine 19 3 (2020) 131\u2013137.","DOI":"10.52964\/AMJA.0816"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706599.3720043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706599.3720259"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3715336.3735674"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Himani Laxshmi\u00a0Kaur Sehgal Geva Greenfield Ana\u00a0Luisa Neves Mark Harmon Azeem Majeed and Benedict Hayhoe. 2024. Efficacy and Safety of a Digital Check-in and Triage Kiosk in Emergency Departments: A Systematic Review Protocol. BMJ Open 14 7 (July 2024) e084506. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-084506","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-084506"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lennart Seitz. 2024. Artificial Empathy in Healthcare Chatbots: Does It Feel Authentic? Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans 2 1 (Jan. 2024) 100067. 10.1016\/j.chbah.2024.100067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbah.2024.100067"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Woosuk Seo Shruti Jain Vivian Le Jiaqi Li Zhan Zhang Hardeep Singh Kalyan Pasupathy Prashant Mahajan and Sun\u00a0Young Park. 2025. Designing Patient-Centered Interventions for Emergency Care: Participatory Design Study. JMIR Formative Research 9 (February 2025) e63610. 10.2196\/63610","DOI":"10.2196\/63610"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDH62654.2024.00033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_95_2","volume-title":"Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Computer Interaction (5th ed.)","author":"Sharp Helen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Helen Sharp, Yvonne Rogers, and Jenny Preece. 2019. Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Computer Interaction (5th ed.). Wiley, Indianapolis, IN."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376520"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713280"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marita Skjuve Asbj\u00f8rn F\u00f8lstad Knut\u00a0Inge Fostervold and Petter\u00a0Bae Brandtzaeg. 2021. My Chatbot Companion - a Study of Human-Chatbot Relationships. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 149 (May 2021) 102601. 10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2021.102601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2021.102601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anna Slagman Antje Fischer-Rosinsk\u00fd David Legg Kristin Schmieder and Martin M\u00f6ckel. 2023. Identification of Low-Acuity Attendances in Routine Clinical Information Documented in German Emergency Departments. BMC Emergency Medicine 23 1 (June 2023) 64. 10.1186\/s12873-023-00838-2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-023-00838-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anna Slagman Martina Schmiedhofer David Legg Daniela Kr\u00fcger Larissa Eienbr\u00f6ker Fabian Holert Johann Frick Dagmar L\u00fchmann Ingmar Sch\u00e4fer Martin Scherer Bernadett Erdmann and Martin M\u00f6ckel. 2025. Reasons for Emergency Department Use of Low-Acuity Attender: Results from the Prospective Multicentre Cross-Sectional EPICS-9\/PiNo-Bund Study. BMJ Open 15 3 (March 2025) e090681. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-090681","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-090681"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025516"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713883"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jonathon Stewart Juan Lu Adrian Goudie Glenn Arendts Shiv\u00a0Akarsh Meka Sam Freeman et\u00a0al. 2023. Applications of natural language processing at emergency department triage: A narrative review. PLOS ONE 18 12 (2023) e0279953. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0279953","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279953"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Angelique Taylor Michele Murakami Soyon Kim Ryan Chu and Laurel\u00a0D. Riek. 2022. Hospitals of the Future: Designing Interactive Robotic Systems for Resilient Emergency Departments. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 6 CSCW2 (November 2022) 442:1\u2013442:40. 10.1145\/3555543","DOI":"10.1145\/3555543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2481366"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Beverley\u00a0A. Townsend Katherine\u00a0L. Plant Victoria\u00a0J. Hodge Ol\u2019Tunde Ashaolu and Radu Calinescu. 2023. Medical Practitioner Perspectives on AI in Emergency Triage. Frontiers in Digital Health 5 (December 2023). 10.3389\/fdgth.2023.1297073","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2023.1297073"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2470716"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3714088"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580763"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anna Walsh Elnaz Bodaghkhani Holly Etchegary Lindsay Alcock Christopher Patey Dorothy Senior and Shabnam Asghari. 2022. Patient-Centered Care in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta-Ethnographic Synthesis. International Journal of Emergency Medicine 15 1 (Aug. 2022) 36. 10.1186\/s12245-022-00438-0","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-022-00438-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445432"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613905.3637149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713852"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_114_2","unstructured":"West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources - Bureau for Public Health. 2016. ASSESSMENT MNEMONICS - Appendix D. https:\/\/www.wvoems.org\/media\/336785\/appendix%20d%20assessment%20mnemonics.pdf. Version 1.1. Content last reviewed July 22 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753650"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Christopher Y.\u00a0K. Williams Travis Zack Brenda\u00a0Y. Miao Madhumita Sushil Michelle Wang Aaron\u00a0E. Kornblith and Atul\u00a0J. Butte. 2024. Use of a Large Language Model to Assess Clinical Acuity of Adults in the Emergency Department. JAMA Network Open 7 5 (May 2024) e248895. 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.8895","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.8895"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3196709.3196730"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376301"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yue You Chun-Hua Tsai Yao Li Fenglong Ma Christopher Heron and Xinning Gui. 2023. Beyond Self-diagnosis: How a Chatbot-based Symptom Checker Should Respond. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 30 4 (Sept. 2023) 64:1\u201364:44. 10.1145\/3589959","DOI":"10.1145\/3589959"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3701571.3701610"}],"event":{"name":"CHI 2026: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Barcelona Spain","acronym":"CHI '26","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3772318.3790638","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T11:12:45Z","timestamp":1781003565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3772318.3790638"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"references-count":119,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3772318.3790638","10.1145\/3772318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3772318.3790638","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}