{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T07:57:52Z","timestamp":1776931072509,"version":"3.51.2"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":113,"publisher":"ACM","funder":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["No. P0046486"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. P0046486"]}]},{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["No. P0045138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. P0045138"]}]},{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["No. P0046226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. P0046226"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3772318.3790700","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T04:12:33Z","timestamp":1776053553000},"page":"1-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring Design Practice with Generative AI: Perspectives from AEC Design Professionals"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4555-3705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9975-3912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8580-203X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiyue","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6845-8999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yichen","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HongKong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4808-6109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry","family":"Been-Lirn Duh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/9780784412909.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_3_2","volume-title":"Project management: techniques in planning and controlling construction projects","author":"Ahuja Hira\u00a0N","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hira\u00a0N Ahuja, SP Dozzi, and SM Abourizk. 1994. Project management: techniques in planning and controlling construction projects. John Wiley & Sons. https:\/\/www.wiley.com\/en-us\/Project+Management%3A+Techniques+in+Planning+and+Controlling+Construction+Projects%2C+2nd+Edition-p-9780471591689"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52842\/conf.sigradi.2024.0865"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Robert\u00a0S Albert. 1996. What the study of eminence can teach us. Creativity Research Journal 9 4 (1996) 307\u2013315. 10.1207\/s15326934crj0904_2","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326934crj0904_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_6_2","first-page":"324","volume-title":"C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context\u2013Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), Amman, Jordan","author":"Aljhadali A","year":"2023","unstructured":"A Aljhadali, YASSER MEGAHED, and JULIE GWILLIAM. 2023. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in Practice: A Comprehensive Investigation into the Utilization of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in Architectural Practice. In C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context\u2013Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), Amman, Jordan. 324\u2013343. https:\/\/papers.cumincad.org\/cgi-bin\/works\/paper\/ascaad2023_075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_7_2","unstructured":"Teresa\u00a0M Amabile. 1990. Within you without you: The social psychology of creativity and beyond. Theories of creativity (1990) 61\u201391. https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/1990-97842-004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_8_2","unstructured":"WAYNE ANDREWS. 1960. The Image of the Architect. https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41208625"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mathias Bank Alexandra Moisi Shervin Rasoulzadeh Kristina Schinegger and Stefan Rutzinger. 2023. AI Diffusion as Design Vocabulary - Investigating the use of AI image generation in early architectural design and education. 587\u2013596. 10.52842\/conf.ecaade.2023.2.587","DOI":"10.52842\/conf.ecaade.2023.2.587"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ga\u00eblle Baudoux. 2024. The benefits and challenges of artificial intelligence image generators for architectural ideation: Study of an alternative human-machine co-creation exchange based on sketch recognition. International Journal of Architectural Computing 22 2 (2024) 201\u2013215. 10.1177\/14780771241253438","DOI":"10.1177\/14780771241253438"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ERIK BAUSCHER ANNI DAI DIELLZA ELSHANI and THOMAS WORTMANN. 2024. Learning and generating spatial concepts of modernist architecture via graph machine learning. CAADRIA. 10.52842\/conf.caadria.2024.1.159","DOI":"10.52842\/conf.caadria.2024.1.159"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eleonora Vilgia\u00a0Putri Beyan Anastasya Gisela\u00a0Cinintya Rossy et\u00a0al. 2023. A review of AI image generator: influences challenges and future prospects for architectural field. Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Architecture 2 1 (2023) 53\u201365. 10.24002\/jarina.v2i1.6662","DOI":"10.24002\/jarina.v2i1.6662"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Quintin Blaas Antony Pelosi and Andre Brown. 2023. Reconsidering Artificial Intelligence as Co-Designer. 559\u2013566. 10.52842\/conf.ecaade.2023.2.559","DOI":"10.52842\/conf.ecaade.2023.2.559"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Antoine Bordas Pascal Le\u00a0Masson Maxime Thomas and Benoit Weil. 2024. What is generative in generative artificial intelligence? A design-based perspective. Research in Engineering Design 35 4 (2024) 427\u2013443. 10.1007\/s00163-024-00441-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-024-00441-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_15_2","volume-title":"Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development","author":"Boyatzis Richard\u00a0E","year":"1998","unstructured":"Richard\u00a0E Boyatzis. 1998. Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA. https:\/\/us.sagepub.com\/en-us\/nam\/transforming-qualitative-information\/book7714"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 2 (2006) 77\u2013101. 10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andre Brown. 2024. GPT-4 is OpenAI\u2019s most advanced system producing safer and more useful responses. 275\u2013276\u00a0pages. 10.1177\/14780771241280148","DOI":"10.1177\/14780771241280148"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Margaret Bruce and Catherine Docherty. 1993. It\u2019s all in a relationship: a comparative study of client-design consultant relationships. Design Studies 14 4 (1993) 402\u2013422. 10.1016\/0142-694X(93)80015-5","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-694X(93)80015-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kevin\u00a0L Burr and Chad\u00a0B Jones. 2010. The Role of the Architect: Changes of the Past Practices of the Present and Indications of the Future. International Journal of Construction Education and Research 6 2 (2010) 122\u2013138. 10.1080\/15578771.2010.482878","DOI":"10.1080\/15578771.2010.482878"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52842\/conf.sigradi.2024.0815"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Galo Canizares. 2025. CAD and the Computerization of Architectural Labor. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing (2025). 10.1109\/MAHC.2025.3597145","DOI":"10.1109\/MAHC.2025.3597145"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hanqun Cao Cheng Tan Zhangyang Gao Yilun Xu Guangyong Chen Pheng-Ann Heng and Stan\u00a0Z Li. 2024. A survey on generative diffusion models. IEEE transactions on knowledge and data engineering 36 7 (2024) 2814\u20132830. 10.1109\/TKDE.2024.3361474","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2024.3361474"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yujie Cao Azhan Abdul\u00a0Aziz and Wan Nur\u00a0Rukiah Mohd\u00a0Arshard. 2025. Stable diffusion in architectural design: Closing doors or opening new horizons?International Journal of Architectural Computing 23 2 (2025) 339\u2013357. 10.1177\/14780771241270257","DOI":"10.1177\/14780771241270257"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sandra Carrasco and Irene Perez\u00a0Lopez. 2025. Linking education and practice gaps for inclusive architecture in the AEC industry. Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 19 1 (2025) 128\u2013148. 10.1108\/ARCH-11-2023-0297","DOI":"10.1108\/ARCH-11-2023-0297"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tilanka Chandrasekera Zahrasadat Hosseini and Ubhaya Perera. 2025. Can artificial intelligence support creativity in early design processes?International journal of architectural computing 23 1 (2025) 122\u2013136. 10.1177\/14780771241254637","DOI":"10.1177\/14780771241254637"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yi-Feng Chang and Shen-Guan Shih. 2013. BIM-based computer-aided architectural design. Computer-Aided Design and Applications 10 1 (2013) 97\u2013109. 10.3722\/cadaps.2013.97-109","DOI":"10.3722\/cadaps.2013.97-109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-93418-6_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_28_2","unstructured":"Chi-Li Cheng Takehiko Nagakura and Daniel Tsai. 2023. A Synergy of AI Observation and Design Tool: Leveraging Multifaceted AI Techniques for Encoding Human Behaviors and Stories in Space(ASCAAD). https:\/\/papers.cumincad.org\/cgi-bin\/works\/paper\/ascaad2023_035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52842\/conf.caadria.2025.1.173"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sara\u00a0Regiane Chornobai Angelica Paiva\u00a0Ponzio L\u00e9ia Miotto\u00a0Bruscato and Cristian\u00a0Vinicius Machado\u00a0Fagundes. 2023. Fostering Sustainability in the Early Stages of the Architectural Design process: a Creative Exploration of AI Generative Models(SIGraDi). 10.5151\/sigradi2023-439","DOI":"10.5151\/sigradi2023-439"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52842\/conf.caadria.2025.3.121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dana Cupkova Andrew\u00a0John Wit Matias del Campo and Mollie Claypool. 2023. AI Architecture Accessibility and Data Justice\u2014ACADIA Special Issue. International Journal of Architectural Computing 21 2 (2023) 209\u2013210. 10.1177\/14780771231171939","DOI":"10.1177\/14780771231171939"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-37189-9_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3311\/CCC2018-012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jonathan Dortheimer Gerhard Schubert Agata Dalach Lielle Brenner and Nikolas Martelaro. 2023. Think AI-side the Box! Exploring the Usability of Text-to-Image Generators for Architecture Students Vol.\u00a02. 567\u2013576. 10.52842\/conf.ecaade.2023.2.567","DOI":"10.52842\/conf.ecaade.2023.2.567"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_36_2","unstructured":"Xusheng Du Ruihan Gui Zhengyang Wang Ye Zhang and Haoran Xie. 2025. Multi-View Depth Consistent Image Generation Using Generative AI Models: Application on Architectural Design of University Buildings. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2503.03068 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706599.3719277"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohamed Fakhry Islam Kamel and Ahmed Abdelaal. 2021. CAD using preference compared to hand drafting in architectural working drawings coursework. Ain Shams Engineering Journal 12 3 (2021) 3331\u20133338. 10.1016\/j.asej.2021.01.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asej.2021.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alberto Fernandez\u00a0Gonzalez. 2025. Innovative Architectural Workflows: Cellular Automata AI and BIM Integration(CAADRIA Vol.\u00a03). 161\u2013170. https:\/\/papers.cumincad.org\/data\/works\/att\/caadria2025_794.pdf","DOI":"10.52842\/conf.caadria.2025.3.161"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stefan Feuerriegel Jochen Hartmann Christian Janiesch and Patrick Zschech. 2024. Generative ai. Business & Information Systems Engineering 66 1 (2024) 111\u2013126. 10.1007\/s12599-023-00834-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-023-00834-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lara\u00a0Sucupira Furtado Jorge\u00a0Barbosa Soares and Vasco Furtado. 2024. A task-oriented framework for generative AI in design. Journal of Creativity 34 2 (2024) 100086. 10.1016\/j.yjoc.2024.100086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjoc.2024.100086"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shiva Ghaznavi Farzin Haghparast Ali\u00a0Pourahmad Ghalejough and Hesam\u00a0Sakian Mohamadi. 2025. Implementing user-centered design in architecture using virtual reality: A case study of a micro coworking space. Design Studies 99 (2025) 101329. 10.1016\/j.destud.2025.101329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2025.101329"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_43_2","unstructured":"Prashnna Ghimire Kyungki Kim and Manoj Acharya. 2023. Generative ai in the construction industry: Opportunities & challenges. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2310.04427 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ian Goodfellow Jean Pouget-Abadie Mehdi Mirza Bing Xu David Warde-Farley Sherjil Ozair Aaron Courville and Yoshua Bengio. 2020. Generative adversarial networks. Commun. ACM 63 11 (2020) 139\u2013144. 10.1145\/3422622","DOI":"10.1145\/3422622"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eric Gullichsen and Ernest Chang. 1985. Generative design in architecture using an expert system. The Visual Computer 1 3 (1985) 161\u2013168. 10.1007\/BF01910018","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01910018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rebecca Heigl. 2025. Generative artificial intelligence in creative contexts: a systematic review and future research agenda. Management Review Quarterly (2025) 1\u201338. 10.1007\/s11301-025-00494-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11301-025-00494-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bat\u00a0El Hizmi Yoav Sterman and Guy Austern. 2025. LLMto3D - Generation of parametric 3D printable objects using large language models. International Journal of Architectural Computing 23 (06 2025). 10.1177\/14780771251353792","DOI":"10.1177\/14780771251353792"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_48_2","unstructured":"Matthew\u00a0K Hong Shabnam Hakimi Yan-Ying Chen Heishiro Toyoda Charlene Wu and Matt Klenk. 2023. Generative AI for product design: Getting the right design and the design right. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2306.01217 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haidar\u00a0Hosamo Hosamo Aksa Imran Juan Cardenas-Cartagena Paul\u00a0Ragnar Svennevig Kjeld Svidt and Henrik\u00a0Kofoed Nielsen. 2022. A review of the digital twin technology in the AEC-FM industry. Advances in civil engineering 2022 1 (2022). 10.1155\/2022\/2185170","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2185170"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Miftachul Huda. 2019. Empowering application strategy in the technology adoption: insights from professional and ethical engagement. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 10 1 (2019) 172\u2013192. 10.1108\/JSTPM-09-2017-0044","DOI":"10.1108\/JSTPM-09-2017-0044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544549.3585657"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544549.3585657"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_53_2","unstructured":"Mete Ismayilzada Debjit Paul Antoine Bosselut and Lonneke van\u00a0der Plas. 2024. Creativity in ai: Progresses and challenges. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2410.17218 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhautik Joshi. 2023. Is AI going to replace creative professionals?Interactions 30 5 (2023) 24\u201329. 10.1145\/3610529","DOI":"10.1145\/3610529"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ilker Karadag Orkan\u00a0Zeynel G\u00fczelci and Sema Ala\u00e7am. 2023. EDU-AI: A twofold machine learning model to support classroom layout generation. Construction Innovation 23 4 (2023) 898\u2013914. 10.1108\/CI-02-2022-0034","DOI":"10.1108\/CI-02-2022-0034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tris Kee Blair Kuys and Ronnel King. 2024. Generative artificial intelligence to enhance architecture education to develop digital literacy and holistic competency. Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Architecture 3 1 (2024) 24\u201341. 10.24002\/jarina.v3i1.8347","DOI":"10.24002\/jarina.v3i1.8347"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_57_2","unstructured":"Diederik\u00a0P Kingma and Max Welling. 2013. Auto-encoding variational bayes. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/1312.6114 (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Immanuel Koh. 2025. AI-Accelerated 3D: Accelerated 3D Forms with Generative Artificial Intelligence. 619\u2013620\u00a0pages. 10.1177\/14780771251370919","DOI":"10.1177\/14780771251370919"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Choulwoong Kwon and Yonghan Ahn. 2024. Critical views on AI (Artificial Intelligence) in building design. International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development 15 2 (2024) 240\u2013246. 10.22712\/susb.20240017","DOI":"10.22712\/susb.20240017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hai Lan Xiaofei Tang Ming Fu and Haoyu Peng. 2025. Will human designers be replaced? Exploring consumer responses to AI involvement in interior design. Current Psychology 44 9 (2025) 8146\u20138157. 10.1007\/s12144-025-07422-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-025-07422-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jin-Kook Lee Youngjin Yoo and Seung\u00a0Hyun Cha. 2024. Generative early architectural visualizations: Incorporating architect\u2019s style-trained models. Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 11 5 (2024) 40\u201359. 10.1093\/jcde\/qwae065","DOI":"10.1093\/jcde\/qwae065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Patrick Lewis Ethan Perez Aleksandra Piktus Fabio Petroni Vladimir Karpukhin Naman Goyal Heinrich K\u00fcttler Mike Lewis Wen-tau Yih Tim Rockt\u00e4schel et\u00a0al. 2020. Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive nlp tasks. Advances in neural information processing systems 33 (2020) 9459\u20139474. 10.48550\/arXiv.2005.11401","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2005.11401"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642114"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jeongki Lim Teemu Leinonen Lasse Lipponen Henry Lee Julienne DeVita and Dakota Murray. 2023. Artificial intelligence as relational artifacts in creative learning. Digital Creativity 34 3 (2023) 192\u2013210. 10.1080\/14626268.2023.2236595","DOI":"10.1080\/14626268.2023.2236595"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.70036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huiting Liu Xiyuan Zhang Jiangping Zhou Yuancong Shou Yang Yin and Chunlei Chai. 2025. Cognitive styles and design performances in conceptual design collaboration with GenAI. International Journal of Technology and Design Education 35 3 (2025) 1169\u20131202. 10.1007\/s10798-024-09937-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s10798-024-09937-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tian Luo Pauline\u00a0S Muljana Xinyue Ren and Dara Young. 2024. Exploring instructional designers\u2019 utilization and perspectives on generative AI tools: A mixed methods study. Educational technology research and development (2024) 1\u201326. 10.1007\/s11423-024-10437-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-024-10437-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Conrad Luttropp and Jessica Lagerstedt. 2006. EcoDesign and The Ten Golden Rules: generic advice for merging environmental aspects into product development. Journal of cleaner production 14 15-16 (2006) 1396\u20131408. 10.1016\/j.jclepro.2005.11.022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2005.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Federico Magni Jiyoung Park and Melody\u00a0Manchi Chao. 2024. Humans as creativity gatekeepers: Are we biased against AI creativity?Journal of Business and Psychology 39 3 (2024) 643\u2013656. 10.1007\/s10869-023-09910-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s10869-023-09910-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ali\u00a0B Mahmoud V Kumar and Stavroula Spyropoulou. 2025. Identifying the Public\u2019s Beliefs about Generative Artificial Intelligence: A Big Data Approach. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management (2025). 10.1109\/TEM.2025.3534088","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2025.3534088"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-60267-2_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_72_2","volume-title":"MidJourney","author":"MidJourney Inc.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Inc. MidJourney. 2025. MidJourney. https:\/\/www.midjourney.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Javier Monedero. 2000. Parametric design: a review and some experiences. Automation in construction 9 4 (2000) 369\u2013377. 10.1016\/S0926-5805(99)00020-5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-5805(99)00020-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315424538"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eric\u00a0WT Ngai Maggie\u00a0CM Lee and Brian\u00a0CW Kei. 2025. A Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) System for Fashion Design: A Case Study. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management (2025). 10.1109\/TEM.2025.3554248","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2025.3554248"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Azuka Odiah and Samuel\u00a0D Gosling. 2024. Laying the foundations for using generative AI images in architectural research: do images convey the intended spaces and ambiances?Architectural Intelligence 3 1 (2024) 35. 10.1007\/s44223-024-00076-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s44223-024-00076-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Damilola Onatayo Adetayo Onososen Abiola\u00a0Oluwasogo Oyediran Hafiz Oyediran Victor Arowoiya and Eniola Onatayo. 2024. Generative AI applications in architecture engineering and construction: trends implications for practice education & imperatives for upskilling\u2014a review. Architecture 4 4 (2024) 877\u2013902. 10.3390\/architecture4040046","DOI":"10.3390\/architecture4040046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"IMF Oomens and C Scholten. 2020. Inclusion in social innovation through the primary and secondary use of technology: a conceptual framework. International Review of Applied Economics 34 5 (2020) 672\u2013686. 10.1080\/02692171.2020.1732306","DOI":"10.1080\/02692171.2020.1732306"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_79_2","volume-title":"OpenAI","year":"2025","unstructured":"OpenAI. 2025. OpenAI. https:\/\/openai.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ville Paananen Jonas Oppenlaender and Aku Visuri. 2024. Using text-to-image generation for architectural design ideation. International Journal of Architectural Computing 22 3 (2024) 458\u2013474. 10.1177\/14780771231222783","DOI":"10.1177\/14780771231222783"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pouliou Panagiota Horvath Anca-Simona and Palamas George. 2023. Speculative hybrids: Investigating the generation of conceptual architectural forms through the use of 3D generative adversarial networks. International Journal of Architectural Computing 21 2 (2023). 10.1177\/14780771231168229","DOI":"10.1177\/14780771231168229"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3632620.3671116"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_83_2","volume-title":"Prolific","year":"2025","unstructured":"Prolific. 2025. Prolific. https:\/\/www.prolific.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nitin Rane. 2023. Potential Role and Challenges of ChatGPT and Similar Generative Artificial Intelligence in Architectural Engineering. SSRN Electronic Journal (01 2023). 10.2139\/ssrn.4607767","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4607767"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_85_2","first-page":"432","volume-title":"An integrated approach to communication theory and research","author":"Rogers Everett\u00a0M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Everett\u00a0M Rogers, Arvind Singhal, and Margaret\u00a0M Quinlan. 2014. Diffusion of innovations. In An integrated approach to communication theory and research. Routledge, 432\u2013448. https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/chapters\/edit\/10.4324\/9780203887011-36\/diffusion-innovations-everett-rogers-arvind-singhal-margaret-quinlan"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mark\u00a0A Runco. 2023. AI can only produce artificial creativity. Journal of Creativity 33 3 (2023) 100063. 10.1016\/j.yjoc.2023.100063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjoc.2023.100063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mark\u00a0A Runco. 2025. Updating the standard definition of creativity to account for the artificial creativity of AI. Creativity Research Journal 37 1 (2025) 1\u20135. 10.1080\/10400419.2023.2257977","DOI":"10.1080\/10400419.2023.2257977"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_89_2","unstructured":"Mark\u00a0A Runco Diane Johnson and Joni\u00a0Radio Gaynor. 1999. The judgmental bases of creativity and implications for the study of gifted youth. Investigating creativity in youth: Research and methods (1999) 113\u2013141. https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=ED444284"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jana\u00a0I Saadi and Maria\u00a0C Yang. 2023. Generative design: reframing the role of the designer in early-stage design process. Journal of Mechanical Design 145 4 (2023) 041411. 10.1115\/1.4056799","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4056799"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harold Salzman. 1989. Computer-aided design: limitations in automating design and drafting. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 36 4 (1989) 252\u2013261. 10.1109\/17.40978","DOI":"10.1109\/17.40978"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3715336.3735805"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weilin Shen Xiaoling Zhang Geoffrey\u00a0Qiping Shen and Terrence Fernando. 2013. The User Pre-Occupancy Evaluation Method in designer\u2013client communication in early design stage: A case study. Automation in Construction 32 (2013) 112\u2013124. 10.1016\/j.autcon.2013.01.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2013.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jingyu Shi Rahul Jain Runlin Duan and Karthik Ramani. 2023. Understanding generative AI in art: an interview study with artists on G-AI from an HCI perspective. arXiv preprint (2023). 10.48550\/arXiv.2310.13149","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2310.13149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mengnan Shi JoonOh Seo Seung\u00a0Hyun Cha Bo Xiao and Hung-Lin Chi. 2024. Generative AI-powered architectural exterior conceptual design based on the design intent. Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 11 5 (2024) 125\u2013142. 10.1093\/jcde\/qwae077","DOI":"10.1093\/jcde\/qwae077"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCA59364.2023.10401723"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sedef S\u00fcner-Pla-Cerd\u00e0 G\u00fczin \u015een Ecem Kumbasar Batuhan \u015eahin and Canan\u00a0Emine \u00dcnl\u00fc. 2025. Designer experiences and perspectives on the role of generative AI in industrial design. AI & SOCIETY (2025) 1\u201324. 10.1007\/s00146-025-02504-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-025-02504-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_98_2","volume-title":"VooV Meeting","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tencent. 2025. VooV Meeting. https:\/\/voovmeeting.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_99_2","volume-title":"WeSurvey","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tencent. 2025. WeSurvey. https:\/\/www.wesurvey.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Viswanath Venkatesh and Fred\u00a0D Davis. 2000. A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: Four longitudinal field studies. Management science 46 2 (2000) 186\u2013204. 10.1287\/mnsc.46.2.186.11926","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.46.2.186.11926"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_101_2","volume-title":"MAXQDA","author":"Software VERBI","year":"2025","unstructured":"VERBI Software. 2025. MAXQDA. https:\/\/www.maxqda.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yi Wang Chetan Arora Xiao Liu Thuong Hoang Vasudha Malhotra Ben Cheng and John Grundy. 2025. Who uses personas in requirements engineering: The practitioners\u2019 perspective. Information and Software Technology 178 (2025) 107609. 10.1016\/j.infsof.2024.107609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2024.107609"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713927"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_105_2","volume-title":"Managing construction projects","author":"Winch Graham\u00a0M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Graham\u00a0M Winch. 2012. Managing construction projects. John Wiley & Sons. https:\/\/books.google.com.hk\/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4_Leb1B9qN4C&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Managing+construction+projects&ots=9g_A5O362m&sig=0y4x-7RygIRbQOkQNboiLxPXaZc&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Managing%20construction%20projects&f=false"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-78462-1_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haowen Xu Femi Omitaomu Soheil Sabri Sisi Zlatanova Xiao Li and Yongze Song. 2024. Leveraging generative AI for urban digital twins: a scoping review on the autonomous generation of urban data scenarios designs and 3D city models for smart city advancement. Urban Informatics 3 1 (2024) 29. 10.1007\/s44212-024-00060-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s44212-024-00060-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xinyue Ye Tianchen Huang Yang Song Xin Li Galen Newman Dayong\u00a0Jason Wu and Yijun Zeng. 2025. Generating conceptual landscape design via text-to-image generative AI model. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science (2025) 1903\u20131919. 10.1177\/23998083251316064","DOI":"10.1177\/23998083251316064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jun Yin Jing Zhong Pengyu Zeng Peilin Li Han Zheng Miao Zhang and Shuai Lu. 2025. ArchShapeNet: An interpretable 3D-CNN framework for evaluating architectural shapes. International Journal of Architectural Computing (2025) 753\u2013774. 10.1177\/14780771251352965","DOI":"10.1177\/14780771251352965"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nurullah Y\u00fcksel H\u00fcseyin\u00a0R\u0131za B\u00f6rkl\u00fc H\u00fcseyin\u00a0K\u00fcr\u015fad Sezer and Olcay\u00a0Ersel Canyurt. 2023. Review of artificial intelligence applications in engineering design perspective. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 118 (2023) 105697. 10.1016\/j.engappai.2022.105697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2022.105697"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vedran Zerjav Timo Hartmann and Frederick\u00a0MC Van\u00a0Amstel. 2014. A leadership-as-practice perspective on design in architecture engineering and construction projects: interaction analysis of a collaborative workshop. Engineering project organization journal 4 4 (2014) 209\u2013221. 10.1080\/21573727.2014.970177","DOI":"10.1080\/21573727.2014.970177"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shuning Zhang and Shixuan Li. 2024. \" Confrontation or Acceptance\": Understanding Novice Visual Artists\u2019 Perception towards AI-assisted Art Creation. arXiv preprint (2024). 10.48550\/arXiv.2410.14925","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2410.14925"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chaowang Zhao Jian Yang Wuyue Xiong and Jiatong Li. 2021. Two generative design methods of hospital operating department layouts based on healthcare systematic layout planning and generative adversarial network. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Science) 26 1 (2021) 103\u2013115. 10.1007\/s12204-021-2265-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s12204-021-2265-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xiaowei Zhou and Yousong Wang. 2025. Understanding competency requirements in the context of AEC industry informatization: policy insights from China. Engineering Construction and Architectural Management 32 2 (2025) 732\u2013759. 10.1108\/ECAM-11-2022-1080","DOI":"10.1108\/ECAM-11-2022-1080"}],"event":{"name":"CHI 2026: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Barcelona Spain","acronym":"CHI '26","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3772318.3790700","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T08:57:13Z","timestamp":1776416233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3772318.3790700"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"references-count":113,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3772318.3790700","10.1145\/3772318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3772318.3790700","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}