{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T07:56:29Z","timestamp":1776930989832,"version":"3.51.2"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":108,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3772318.3790847","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T04:12:36Z","timestamp":1776053556000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["My Body, Their Business: User Perspectives on Commercial Data Practices in FemTech mHealth Apps"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6205-5919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghada","family":"Alsebayel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6988-2149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ximena Lucia","family":"Lainfiesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5434-8565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayesha","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1312-8519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni M","family":"Troiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8407-9224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenyan","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8164-0303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Casper","family":"Harteveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Najd Alfawzan Markus Christen Giovanni Spitale and Nikola Biller-Andorno. 2022. Privacy Data Sharing and Data Security Policies of Women\u2019s mHealth Apps: Scoping Review and Content Analysis. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 10 5 (May 2022) e33735. 10.2196\/33735","DOI":"10.2196\/33735"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3547522.3547674"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ghada Alsebayel Giovanni\u00a0M. Troiano Johanna Gunawan Herman Saksono and Casper Harteveld. 2025. \"An Ad Posing as Medical Advice\": User Accounts of Dark UX in FemTech mHealth Apps. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 9 MHCI Article MHCI003 (September 2025) 34\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3743736","DOI":"10.1145\/3743736"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Noah Apthorpe Yan Shvartzshnaider Arunesh Mathur Dillon Reisman and Nick Feamster. 2018. Discovering Smart Home Internet of Things Privacy Norms Using Contextual Integrity. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 2 2 Article 59 (July 2018) 23\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3214262","DOI":"10.1145\/3214262"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3309331"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Veronica Barassi. 2017. BabyVeillance? Expecting Parents Online Surveillance and the Cultural Specificity of Pregnancy Apps. Social Media + Society 3 2 (April 2017). 10.1177\/2056305117707188","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305117707188"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2466451"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753521"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Florian Bemmann Maximiliane Windl Jonas Erbe Sven Mayer and Heinrich Hussmann. 2022. The Influence of Transparency and Control on the Willingness of Data Sharing in Adaptive Mobile Apps. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction. 6 MHCI (Sept. 2022) 189:1\u2013189:26. 10.1145\/3546724","DOI":"10.1145\/3546724"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sebastian Benthall Seda G\u00fcrses and Helen Nissenbaum. 2017. Contextual integrity through the lens of computer science. Foundations and Trends in Privacy and Security 2 1 (2017) 1\u201369. 10.1561\/3300000016","DOI":"10.1561\/3300000016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2317956.2318014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_13_2","volume-title":"A critical artefact methodology: Using provocative conceptual designs to foster human-centred innovation","author":"Bowen Simon\u00a0John","year":"2009","unstructured":"Simon\u00a0John Bowen. 2009. A critical artefact methodology: Using provocative conceptual designs to foster human-centred innovation. Sheffield Hallam University (United Kingdom)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/13620-004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2021. One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis? Qualitative Research in Psychology 18 3 (July 2021) 328\u2013352. 10.1080\/14780887.2020.1769238","DOI":"10.1080\/14780887.2020.1769238"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_16_2","unstructured":"Martin Brenncke. 2024. Regulating dark patterns. Notre Dame J. Int\u2019l Comp. L. 14 (2024) 39."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elizabeth Brown. 2020. Supercharged Sexism: The Triple Threat of Workplace Monitoring for Women. 10.2139\/ssrn.3680861","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3680861"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"Elizabeth\u00a0A. Brown. 2021. The Femtech Paradox: How Workplace Monitoring Threatens Women\u2019s Equity. Jurimetrics: The Journal of Law Science and Technology 61 (2021) 289\u2013329."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/jj.2711695"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alayna Carrandi Melanie Hayman and Cheryce\u00a0L Harrison. 2023. Safety considerations for assessing the quality of apps used during pregnancy: A scoping review. DIGITAL HEALTH 9 (Jan. 2023) 20552076231198683. 10.1177\/20552076231198683Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd.","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076231198683"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_22_2","volume-title":"Privacy by Design: The 7 Foundational Principles","author":"Cavoukian Ann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ann Cavoukian et\u00a0al. 2009. Privacy by Design: The 7 Foundational Principles. Technical Report. Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_23_2","unstructured":"Nandini Chami R\u00a0Vaishno Bharati Ankita Aggarwal Anushka Mittal and Anita Gurumurthy. 2021. Data Subjects in the Femtech Matrix: A Feminist Political Economy Analysis of the Global Menstruapps Market. IT for Change (Dec. 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adam\u00a0B. Cohen Simon\u00a0C. Mathews E.\u00a0Ray Dorsey David\u00a0W. Bates and Kyan Safavi. 2020. Direct-to-consumer digital health. The Lancet Digital Health 2 4 (April 2020) e163\u2013e165. 10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30057-1Publisher: Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30057-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_25_2","volume-title":"Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research","author":"Creswell John\u00a0W.","year":"2017","unstructured":"John\u00a0W. Creswell and Vicki L.\u00a0Plano Clark. 2017. Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. SAGE Publications."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3641934"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3551349.3561343"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Benjamin\u00a0D. Douglas Patrick\u00a0J. Ewell and Markus Brauer. 2023. Data quality in online human-subjects research: Comparisons between MTurk Prolific CloudResearch Qualtrics and SONA. PLOS ONE 18 3 (March 2023) e0279720. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0279720Publisher: Public Library of Science.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279720"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nora\u00a0A Draper and Joseph Turow. 2019. The corporate cultivation of digital resignation. New Media & Society 21 8 (Aug. 2019) 1824\u20131839. 10.1177\/1461444819833331Publisher: SAGE Publications.","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444819833331"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_30_2","volume-title":"Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming","author":"Dunne Anthony","year":"2013","unstructured":"Anthony Dunne. 2013. Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming. MIT Press, Cambridge."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ipek Ensari Adrienne Pichon Sharon Lipsky-Gorman Suzanne Bakken and No\u00e9mie Elhadad. 2020. Augmenting the Clinical Data Sources for Enigmatic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study of Self-Tracking Data and Clinical Documentation in Endometriosis. Applied Clinical Informatics 11 5 (Oct. 2020) 769\u2013784. 10.1055\/s-0040-1718755","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1718755"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jacob Erickson Jewel\u00a0Y. Yuzon and Tamara Bonaci. 2022. What You Do Not Expect When You Are Expecting: Privacy Analysis of Femtech. IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society 3 2 (June 2022) 121\u2013131. 10.1109\/TTS.2022.3160928Conference Name: IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society.","DOI":"10.1109\/TTS.2022.3160928"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_33_2","unstructured":"Federal Trade Commission. 2021. FTC Finalizes Order with Flo Health a Fertility-Tracking App that Shared Sensitive Health Data with Facebook Google and Others. https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/news-events\/news\/press-releases\/2021\/06\/ftc-finalizes-order-flo-health-fertility-tracking-app-shared-sensitive-health-data-facebook-google Accessed: 2025-04-13."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marianela\u00a0Ciolfi Felice Marie Louise\u00a0Juul S\u00f8ndergaard and Madeline Balaam. 2023. Analyzing User Reviews of the First Digital Contraceptive: Mixed Methods Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 25 1 (Nov. 2023) e47131. 10.2196\/47131","DOI":"10.2196\/47131"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-77392-2_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Emmalee\u00a0A. Ford Alexandra\u00a0E. Peters Shaun.\u00a0D. Roman Eileen.\u00a0A. McLaughlin Emma.\u00a0L. Beckett and Jessie.\u00a0M. Sutherland. 2022. A scoping review of the information provided by fertility smartphone applications. Human Fertility 25 4 (Aug. 2022) 625\u2013639. 10.1080\/14647273.2021.1871784","DOI":"10.1080\/14647273.2021.1871784"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leah\u00a0R. Fowler Charlotte Gillard and Stephanie\u00a0R. Morain. 2020. Readability and Accessibility of Terms of Service and Privacy Policies for Menstruation-Tracking Smartphone Applications. Health Promotion Practice 21 5 (Sept. 2020) 679\u2013683. 10.1177\/1524839919899924","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839919899924"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7585.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_39_2","unstructured":"Cary Funk Giancarlo Pasquini Alison Spencer and Alec Tyson. 2023. 60% of Americans Would Be Uncomfortable With Provider Relying on AI in Their Own Health Care. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/science\/2023\/02\/22\/60-of-americans-would-be-uncomfortable-with-provider-relying-on-ai-in-their-own-health-care\/ Accessed: 2025-09-11."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_40_2","unstructured":"Flora Garamvolgyi. 2022. Why US women are deleting their period tracking apps. The Guardian (June 2022). https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2022\/jun\/28\/why-us-woman-are-deleting-their-period-tracking-apps"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nina Gerber Paul Gerber and Melanie Volkamer. 2018. Explaining the privacy paradox: A systematic review of literature investigating privacy attitude and behavior. Computers & Security 77 (Aug. 2018) 226\u2013261. 10.1016\/j.cose.2018.04.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2018.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_42_2","unstructured":"Giant Ventures. 2024. Giant Ideas: Ida Tin Femtech pioneer on the future of women\u2019s health. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Kw1o7xk1rXE"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarah Gilbert Jessica Vitak and Katie Shilton. 2021. Measuring Americans\u2019 comfort with research uses of their social media data. Social Media+ Society 7 3 (2021) 20563051211033824.","DOI":"10.1177\/20563051211033824"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Michele\u00a0Estrin Gilman. 2021. Periods for Profit and the Rise of Menstrual Surveillance. Columbia Journal of Gender and Law 41 1 (Nov. 2021) 100\u201313. 10.52214\/cjgl.v41i1.8824Number: 1.","DOI":"10.52214\/cjgl.v41i1.8824"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642436"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642851"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713702"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_48_2","unstructured":"Dongjing He Muhammad Naveed Carl\u00a0A. Gunter and Klara Nahrstedt. 2014. Security Concerns in Android mHealth Apps. AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings 2014 (Nov. 2014) 645\u2013654. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4419898\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johanna Herman. 2024. Dark patterns: EU\u2019s regulatory efforts. Security and Privacy 7 6 (2024) e441.","DOI":"10.1002\/spy2.441"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bryndl Hohmann-Marriott. 2023. Periods as powerful data: User understandings of menstrual app data and information. New Media & Society 25 11 (Nov. 2023) 3028\u20133046. 10.1177\/14614448211040245","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448211040245"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3714089"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_52_2","unstructured":"Information Commissioner\u2019s Office. 2023. Purpose Limitation \u2014 A Guide to the Data Protection Principles. https:\/\/ico.org.uk\/for-organisations\/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources\/data-protection-principles\/a-guide-to-the-data-protection-principles\/purpose-limitation\/. Accessed: 2025-09-12."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642882"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guillermina Jasso. 2006. Factorial survey methods for studying beliefs and judgments. Sociological Methods & Research 34 3 (2006) 334\u2013423.","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124105283121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jennifer\u00a0N. John Sara Gorman David Scales and Jack Gorman. 2024. Online Misleading Information About Women\u2019s Reproductive Health: A Narrative Review. Journal of General Internal Medicine (Nov. 2024). 10.1007\/s11606-024-09118-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-024-09118-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Niklas\u00a0von Kalckreuth and Markus\u00a0A. Feufel. 2023. Extending the Privacy Calculus to the mHealth Domain: Survey Study on the Intention to Use mHealth Apps in Germany. JMIR Human Factors 10 1 (Aug. 2023) e45503. 10.2196\/45503","DOI":"10.2196\/45503"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_57_2","first-page":"346","volume-title":"ECIS 2023 Proceedings","author":"Klossner Sara","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sara Klossner, Hadi Ghanbari, Matti Rossi, and Lill Sarv. 2023. Personalization-Privacy Paradox in Using Mobile Health Services. In ECIS 2023 Proceedings. Association for Information Systems, 346. https:\/\/research.aalto.fi\/en\/publications\/personalization-privacy-paradox-in-using-mobile-health-services"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Priya\u00a0C. Kumar Michael Zimmer and Jessica Vitak. 2024. A Roadmap for Applying the Contextual Integrity Framework in Qualitative Privacy Research. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 8 CSCW1 Article 219 (April 2024) 29\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3653710","DOI":"10.1145\/3653710"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_59_2","unstructured":"Karen Levy. 2015. Intimate Surveillance. 679\u2013693\u00a0pages. https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2834354 Available at SSRN."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Georgianna Lin Rumsha Siddiqui Zixiong Lin Joanna\u00a0M. Blodgett Shwetak\u00a0N. Patel Khai\u00a0N. Truong and Alex Mariakakis. 2023. Blood glucose variance measured by continuous glucose monitors across the menstrual cycle. npj Digital Medicine 6 1 (Aug. 2023) 1\u20138. 10.1038\/s41746-023-00884-x","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00884-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deborah Lupton. 2015. Quantified sex: a critical analysis of sexual and reproductive self-tracking using apps. Culture Health & Sexuality 17 4 (2015) 440\u2013453. 10.1080\/13691058.2014.920528","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2014.920528"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deborah Lupton. 2016. Towards critical digital health studies: Reflections on two decades of research in health and the way forward. Health (London England: 1997) 20 1 (Jan. 2016) 49\u201361. 10.1177\/1363459315611940","DOI":"10.1177\/1363459315611940"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deborah Lupton and Gareth\u00a0M. Thomas. 2015. Playing Pregnancy: The Ludification and Gamification of Expectant Motherhood in Smartphone Apps. M\/C Journal 18 5 (Oct. 2015). 10.5204\/mcj.1012Number: 5.","DOI":"10.5204\/mcj.1012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642521"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_65_2","volume-title":"Group privacy","author":"Mantelero Alessandro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alessandro Mantelero. 2016. From Group Privacy to Collective Privacy: Towards a New Dimension of Privacy and Data Protection in the Big Data Era. In Group privacy, Bart van\u00a0der Sloot, Luciano Floridi, and Linnet Taylor (Eds.). Springer Verlag."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirsten Martin and Helen Nissenbaum. 2016. Measuring Privacy: An Empirical Test Using Context To Expose Confounding Variables. Columbia Science and Technology Law Review 18 (2016) 176.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2709584"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nora McDonald and Nazanin Andalibi. 2023. \u201cI Did Watch \u2018The Handmaid\u2019s Tale\u2019\u201d: Threat Modeling Privacy Post-roe in the United States. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 30 4 (Sept. 2023) 63:1\u201363:34. 10.1145\/3589960","DOI":"10.1145\/3589960"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174139"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445132"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3617072.3617100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3549015.3554204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maryam Mehrnezhad Thyla Van Der\u00a0Merwe and Michael Catt. 2024. Mind the FemTech gap: regulation failings and exploitative systems. Frontiers in the Internet of Things 3 (March 2024). 10.3389\/friot.2024.1296599Publisher: Frontiers.","DOI":"10.3389\/friot.2024.1296599"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lea Merone Komla Tsey Darren Russell and Cate Nagle. 2022. Sex Inequalities in Medical Research: A Systematic Scoping Review of the Literature. Women\u2019s Health Reports 3 1 (Jan. 2022) 49\u201359. 10.1089\/whr.2021.0083","DOI":"10.1089\/whr.2021.0083"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_74_2","volume-title":"National Institutes of Health: Problems in Implementing Policy on Women in Study Populations","author":"Nadel Mark\u00a0V.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mark\u00a0V. Nadel. 1990. National Institutes of Health: Problems in Implementing Policy on Women in Study Populations. Testimony before the House Select Committee on Aging GAO\/T-HRD-90-38. U.S. Government Accountability Office, Washington, DC. https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/products\/t-hrd-90-38"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nidhi Nellore Tania Mishra and Michael Zimmer. 2024. Unveiling User Perspectives: Exploring Themes in Femtech Mobile App Reviews for Enhanced Usability and Privacy. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 8 MHCI (Sept. 2024) 1\u201321. 10.1145\/3676530","DOI":"10.1145\/3676530"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Michael Nissen Shih-Yuan Huang Katharina\u00a0M. J\u00e4ger Madeleine Flaucher Adriana Titzmann Hannah Bleher Constanza\u00a0A. Pontones Hanna Huebner Nina Danzberger Peter\u00a0A. Fasching Bjoern\u00a0M. Eskofier and Heike Leutheuser. 2024. Smartphone pregnancy apps: systematic analysis of features scientific guidance commercialization and user perception. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 24 1 (Nov. 2024) 782. 10.1186\/s12884-024-06959-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-06959-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_77_2","unstructured":"Helen Nissenbaum. 2004. Privacy as Contextual Integrity. Washington Law Review 79 (2004)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Helen Nissenbaum. 2011. A Contextual Approach to Privacy Online. Daedalus 140 4 (Oct. 2011) 32\u201348. 10.1162\/DAED_a_00113","DOI":"10.1162\/DAED_a_00113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leysan Nurgalieva David O\u2019Callaghan and Gavin Doherty. 2020. Security and Privacy of mHealth Applications: A Scoping Review. IEEE Access 8 (2020) 104247\u2013104268. 10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2999934","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2999934"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3502066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2466256"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_82_2","volume-title":"Invisible Women: Data Bias in a World Designed for Men","author":"Perez Caroline\u00a0Criado","year":"2019","unstructured":"Caroline\u00a0Criado Perez. 2019. Invisible Women: Data Bias in a World Designed for Men. Abrams."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445523"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_84_2","unstructured":"Privacy International. 2019. No Body\u2019s Business But Mine: How Menstruation Apps Are Sharing Your Data. https:\/\/privacyinternational.org\/long-read\/3196\/no-bodys-business-mine-how-menstruations-apps-are-sharing-your-data Accessed: 2025-07-26."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544549.3585681"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jennifer Pybus and Mina Mir. 2025. Tracking menopause: An SDK Data Audit for intimate infrastructures of datafication with ChatGPT4o. New Media & Society 27 4 (April 2025) 1888\u20131908. 10.1177\/14614448251314401Publisher: SAGE Publications.","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448251314401"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_87_2","unstructured":"Byron Reeves and Clifford Nass. 1996. The media equation: How people treat computers television and new media like real people. Cambridge UK 10 10 (1996) 19\u201336."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_88_2","unstructured":"Celia Rosas. 2019. The Future is Femtech: Privacy and Data Security Issues Surrounding Femtech Applications. UC Law Business Journal 15 2 (July 2019) 319. https:\/\/repository.uclawsf.edu\/hastings_business_law_journal\/vol15\/iss2\/5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPC.2017.25"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_90_2","unstructured":"Allysan Scatterday. 2022. This is No Ovary-Action: Femtech Apps Need Stronger Regulations to Protect Data and Advance Public Health Goals. North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology 23 3 (April 2022) 636. https:\/\/scholarship.law.unc.edu\/ncjolt\/vol23\/iss3\/6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25080\/Majora-92bf1922-011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tamar Sharon. 2017. Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy Solidarity and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare. Philosophy & Technology 30 1 (March 2017) 93\u2013121. 10.1007\/s13347-016-0215-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-016-0215-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2470660"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laura Shipp and Jorge Blasco. 2020. How private is your period?: A systematic analysis of menstrual app privacy policies. Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2020 4 (Oct. 2020) 491\u2013510. 10.2478\/popets-2020-0083","DOI":"10.2478\/popets-2020-0083"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anastasia Siapka and Elisabetta Biasin. 2021. Bleeding data: The case of fertility and menstruation tracking apps. Internet Policy Review 10 4 (2021) 1\u201334. 10.14763\/2021.4.1599Publisher: Berlin: Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society.","DOI":"10.14763\/2021.4.1599"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qiurong Song Renkai Ma Yubo Kou and Xinning Gui. 2024. Collective Privacy Sensemaking on Social Media about Period and Fertility Tracking post Roe v. Wade. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 8 CSCW1 (April 2024) 161:1\u2013161:35. 10.1145\/3641000","DOI":"10.1145\/3641000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_97_2","unstructured":"Statista. 2023. Femtech market size worldwide from 2021 to 2030. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1483460\/femtech-market-size-worldwide\/ Accessed: 2025-04-24."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581181"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lindsey C.\u00a0M. Tr\u00e9panier \u00c9lisabeth Lamoureux Sarah\u00a0E. Bjornson Cayley Mackie Nicole\u00a0M. Alberts and Michelle\u00a0M. Gagnon. 2023. Smartphone apps for menstrual pain and symptom management: A scoping review. Internet Interventions 31 (March 2023) 100605. 10.1016\/j.invent.2023.100605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2023.100605"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maria Tzanou and Tsachi Keren-Paz. 2025. Research Report: Femtech Apps and Wearables and GDPR Compliance- An Empirical Study of Femtech\u2019s Privacy Policies and Terms of Service under the GDPR. 10.2139\/ssrn.5177016","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5177016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_101_2","unstructured":"UK Information Commissioner\u2019s Office. 2023. ICO to review period and fertility tracking apps as poll shows more than half of women are concerned over data security. https:\/\/ico.org.uk\/about-the-ico\/media-centre\/news-and-blogs\/2023\/09\/ico-to-review-period-and-fertility-tracking-apps\/ Accessed: 2025-08-01."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"I\u00f1igo Urteaga Mollie McKillop and No\u00e9mie Elhadad. 2020. Learning endometriosis phenotypes from patient-generated data. npj Digital Medicine 3 1 (June 2020) 1\u201314. 10.1038\/s41746-020-0292-9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-020-0292-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jessica Vitak and Michael Zimmer. 2020. More Than Just Privacy: Using Contextual Integrity to Evaluate the Long-Term Risks from COVID-19 Surveillance Technologies. Social Media + Society 6 3 (July 2020) 2056305120948250. 10.1177\/2056305120948250Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd.","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305120948250"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3715275.3732139"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jasmyne\u00a0J. Womack LaKesha\u00a0N. Anderson and Christy J.\u00a0W. Ledford. 2020. Presence of Complex and Potentially Conflicting Information in Prenatal Mobile Apps. Health Promotion Practice 21 2 (March 2020) 238\u2013245. 10.1177\/1524839918796216Publisher: SAGE Publications.","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839918796216"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kate Young Jane Fisher and Maggie Kirkman. 2019. \u201cDo mad people get endo or does endo make you mad?\u201d: Clinicians\u2019 discursive constructions of Medicine and women with endometriosis. Feminism & Psychology 29 3 (Aug. 2019) 337\u2013356. 10.1177\/0959353518815704","DOI":"10.1177\/0959353518815704"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3531146.3533222"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mengxi Zhu Chuanhui Wu Shijing Huang Kai Zheng Sean\u00a0D. Young Xianglin Yan and Qinjian Yuan. 2021. Privacy paradox in mHealth applications: An integrated elaboration likelihood model incorporating privacy calculus and privacy fatigue. Telematics and Informatics 61 (Aug. 2021) 101601. 10.1016\/j.tele.2021.101601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2021.101601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003320609-27"}],"event":{"name":"CHI 2026: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Barcelona Spain","acronym":"CHI '26","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3772318.3790847","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T10:14:34Z","timestamp":1776420874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3772318.3790847"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"references-count":108,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3772318.3790847","10.1145\/3772318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3772318.3790847","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}