{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T11:04:44Z","timestamp":1781003084973,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":132,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3772318.3791319","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T04:12:26Z","timestamp":1776053546000},"page":"1-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\"Are we writing an advice column for Spock here?\" Understanding Stereotypes in AI Advice for Autistic Users"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2475-5891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caleb","family":"Wohn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4511-5827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Buse","family":"Carik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2679-3344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1026-315X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA and NAVER AI Lab, Seongnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2681-2774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NAVER AI Lab, Seongnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0961-4397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenia H","family":"Rho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. [n. d.]. Communication About Autism: Terminology Considerations. https:\/\/www.asha.org\/practice-portal\/clinical-topics\/autism\/communication-about-autism\/?srsltid=AfmBOorPprZQHeOb9-M34jJs2snyxseMQVYqAHx6z-ahDINaFWe7xfyR"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nancy Bagatell. 2007. Orchestrating voices: Autism identity and the power of discourse. Disability & Society 22 4 (2007) 413\u2013426.","DOI":"10.1080\/09687590701337967"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3715275.3732045"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3442188.3445922"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580651"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.485"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Jessica\u00a0Y. Bo Tianyu Xu Ishan Chatterjee Katrina Passarella-Ward Achin Kulshrestha and D Shin. 2025. Steerable Chatbots: Personalizing LLMs with Preference-Based Activation Steering. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2505.04260\u00a0[cs.HC] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2505.04260"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Tolga Bolukbasi Kai-Wei Chang James\u00a0Y Zou Venkatesh Saligrama and Adam\u00a0T Kalai. 2016. Man is to computer programmer as woman is to homemaker? debiasing word embeddings. Advances in neural information processing systems 29 (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","first-page":"210","volume-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI\/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","volume":"7","author":"Bommasani Rishi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rishi Bommasani and Percy Liang. 2024. Trustworthy social bias measurement. In Proceedings of the AAAI\/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society , Vol.\u00a07. 210\u2013224."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Louise Bradley Rebecca Shaw Simon Baron-Cohen and Sarah Cassidy. 2021. Autistic Adults\u2019 Experiences of Camouflaging and Its Perceived Impact on Mental Health. Autism in Adulthood 3 4 (2021) 320\u2013329. 10.1089\/aut.2020.0071 arXiv:10.1089\/aut.2020.0071 PMID: 36601637.","DOI":"10.1089\/aut.2020.0071"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sam Brandsen Tara Chandrasekhar Lauren Franz Jordan Grapel Geraldine Dawson and David Carlson. 2024. Prevalence of bias against neurodivergence-related terms in artificial intelligence language models. Autism Research 17 2 (2024) 234\u2013248.","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.3094"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/13620-004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2019. Rethinking categorization and coding in qualitative research. Qualitative Research in Psychology (2019) 1\u201322."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mark Brosnan and Jeff Gavin. 2021. The impact of stigma autism label and wording on the perceived desirability of the online dating profiles of men on the autism spectrum. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 51 11 (2021) 4077\u20134085.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04830-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aylin Caliskan Joanna\u00a0J Bryson and Arvind Narayanan. 2017. Semantics derived automatically from language corpora contain human-like biases. Science 356 6334 (2017) 183\u2013186.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal4230"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-50585-1_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3714287"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buse Carik Kaike Ping Xiaohan Ding and Eugenia\u00a0H Rho. 2025. Exploring Large Language Models Through a Neurodivergent Lens: Use Challenges Community-Driven Workarounds and Concerns. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 9 1 (2025) 1\u201328.","DOI":"10.1145\/3701194"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarah\u00a0A Cassidy Kezia Gould Ellen Townsend Mirabel Pelton Ashley\u00a0E Robertson and Jacqui Rodgers. 2020. Is camouflaging autistic traits associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviours? Expanding the interpersonal psychological theory of suicide in an undergraduate student sample. Journal of autism and developmental disorders 50 10 (2020) 3638\u20133648.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-04323-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bianca Cepollaro Marta Jorba and Valentina Petrolini. 2025. The Case of \u2019Autistic\u2019: Pejorative Uses and Reclamation. Ergo (01 2025). 10.3998\/ergo.7173","DOI":"10.3998\/ergo.7173"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445116"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","volume-title":"Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis","author":"Charmaz Kathy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kathy Charmaz. 2006. Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. sage."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.acl-long.84"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","unstructured":"Myra Cheng Sunny Yu Cinoo Lee Pranav Khadpe Lujain Ibrahim and Dan Jurafsky. 2025. Social sycophancy: A broader understanding of llm sycophancy. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2505.13995 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3641989"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713792"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shana\u00a0R Cohen Kohrissa Joseph Sarah Levinson Jan Blacher and Abbey Eisenhower. 2022. \u201cMy autism is my own\u201d: Autistic identity and intersectionality in the school context. Autism in Adulthood 4 4 (2022) 315\u2013327.","DOI":"10.1089\/aut.2021.0087"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dylan Cooper Shelby Frisbie Shufang Wang Jonas Ventimiglia Vicki Gibbs Abigail\u00a0MA Love Melanie Mogavero Teal\u00a0W Benevides Jordan\u00a0M Hyatt Kate Hooven et\u00a0al. 2024. What do we know about autism and policing globally? Preliminary findings from an international effort to examine autism and the criminal justice system. Autism research 17 10 (2024) 2133\u20132143.","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.3203"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosie Cope and Anna Remington. 2022. The strengths and abilities of autistic people in the workplace. Autism in Adulthood 4 1 (2022) 22\u201331.","DOI":"10.1089\/aut.2021.0037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","volume-title":"The Twelfth International Conference on Learning Representations","author":"Dai Josef","year":"2024","unstructured":"Josef Dai, Xuehai Pan, Ruiyang Sun, Jiaming Ji, Xinbo Xu, Mickel Liu, Yizhou Wang, and Yaodong Yang. 2024. Safe RLHF: Safe Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback. In The Twelfth International Conference on Learning Representations. https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=TyFrPOKYXw"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kerstin Dautenhahn and Iain Werry. 2004. Towards interactive robots in autism therapy: Background motivation and challenges. Pragmatics & Cognition 12 1 (2004) 1\u201335.","DOI":"10.1075\/pc.12.1.03dau"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mary Doherty Stuart Neilson Jane O\u2019Sullivan Laura Carravallah Mona Johnson Walter Cullen and Sebastian\u00a0CK Shaw. 2022. Barriers to healthcare and self-reported adverse outcomes for autistic adults: a cross-sectional study. BMJ open 12 2 (2022) e056904.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056904"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Douwe Draaisma. 2009. Stereotypes of autism. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364 1522 (2009) 1475\u20131480.","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0324"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chris Edwards Abigail\u00a0MA Love Sandra\u00a0C Jones Ru\u00a0Ying Cai Boyd Thai\u00a0Hoang Nguyen and Vicki Gibbs. 2024. \u2018Most people have no idea what autism is\u2019: Unpacking autism disclosure using social media analysis. Autism 28 5 (2024) 1107\u20131119.","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613231192133"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dawn Ee Ye\u00a0In\u00a0(Jane) Hwang Simone Reppermund Preeyaporn Srasuebkul Julian\u00a0N. Trollor Kitty-Rose Foley and Samuel\u00a0R.C. Arnold. 2019. Loneliness in Adults on the Autism Spectrum. Autism in Adulthood 1 3 (2019) 182\u2013193. 10.1089\/aut.2018.0038 arXiv:10.1089\/aut.2018.0038 PMID: 36601420.","DOI":"10.1089\/aut.2018.0038"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leif Ekblad. 2013. Autism personality and human diversity: Defining neurodiversity in an iterative process using Aspie Quiz. Sage Open 3 3 (2013) 2158244013497722.","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244013497722"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-40355-7_15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aaron Fanous Jacob Goldberg Ank Agarwal Joanna Lin Anson Zhou Sonnet Xu Vasiliki Bikia Roxana Daneshjou and Sanmi Koyejo. 2025. SycEval: Evaluating LLM Sycophancy. Proceedings of the AAAI\/ACM Conference on AI Ethics and Society 8 1 (Oct. 2025) 893\u2013900. 10.1609\/aies.v8i1.36598","DOI":"10.1609\/aies.v8i1.36598"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashlee\u00a0Yates Flanagan Meredith Cola Naomi Yu Haley Peele Keeana Dicette Grace Hicks Maggie\u00a0Rose Pelella Ayana King-Pointer Jamiel Owens Dieu\u00a0M Truong et\u00a0al. 2024. Policing Black Autistic Children: A Qualitative Approach to Understanding Black Caregivers\u2019 Concerns. Autism: the international journal of research and practice 29 5 (2024) 1303.","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613241303549"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samantha Forster and Amy Pearson. 2020. \u201cBullies tend to be obvious\u201d: autistic adults perceptions of friendship and the concept of \u2018mate crime\u2019.Disability & Society 35 7 (2020) 1103\u20131123.","DOI":"10.1080\/09687599.2019.1680347"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7844-3_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3593013.3593989"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vicki Gibbs Jennie Hudson and Elizabeth Pellicano. 2023. The extent and nature of autistic people\u2019s violence experiences during adulthood: A cross-sectional study of victimisation. Journal of autism and developmental disorders 53 9 (2023) 3509\u20133524.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-022-05647-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713670"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helen Goddard and Anna Cook. 2022. \u201cI spent most of freshers in my Room\u201d\u2014A qualitative study of the social experiences of university students on the autistic spectrum. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 52 6 (2022) 2701\u20132716.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-021-05125-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaaren Haas and Vicki Gibbs. 2021. Does a person\u2019s autism play a role in their interactions with police: The perceptions of autistic adults and parent\/carers. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 51 5 (2021) 1628\u20131640.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04663-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Emeline Han Katrina Scior Katerina Avramides and Laura Crane. 2022. A systematic review on autistic people\u2019s experiences of stigma and coping strategies. Autism Research 15 1 (2022) 12\u201326. 10.1002\/aur.2652 arXiv:https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aur.2652","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2652"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grace Hancock Mark\u00a0A Stokes and Gary Mesibov. 2020. Differences in romantic relationship experiences for individuals with an autism spectrum disorder. Sexuality and Disability 38 2 (2020) 231\u2013245.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11195-019-09573-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"John\u00a0J Hanna Abdi\u00a0D Wakene Andrew\u00a0O Johnson Christoph\u00a0U Lehmann and Richard\u00a0J Medford. 2025. Assessing racial and ethnic bias in text generation by large language models for health care\u2013related tasks: Cross-sectional study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 27 (2025) e57257.","DOI":"10.2196\/57257"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_51_2","unstructured":"Emma Harvey Emily Sheng Su\u00a0Lin Blodgett Alexandra Chouldechova Jean Garcia-Gathright Alexandra Olteanu and Hanna Wallach. 2024. Gaps Between Research and Practice When Measuring Representational Harms Caused by LLM-Based Systems. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2411.15662\u00a0[cs.CY] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2411.15662"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3517428.3544801"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jemima Hill. 2024. \u2018If I behave like the stupidly kind character maybe I will stop being accidentally rude to people\u2019: does reading fiction inform the social understanding and masking behaviours of autistic females?English in Education 58 3 (2024) 206\u2013221.","DOI":"10.1080\/04250494.2024.2330905"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_54_2","unstructured":"Stephanie\u00a0C Holmes and Jennifer Butcher. 2019. Educational leaders can lead the way for increased academic achievement for students on the autism spectrum. School Leadership Review 15 1 (2019) 20."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2009-445"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chuanbo Hu Wenqi Li Mindi Ruan Xiangxu Yu Lynn\u00a0K Paul Shuo Wang and Xin Li. 2024. Exploiting ChatGPT for diagnosing autism-associated language disorders and identifying distinct features. Research Square (2024) rs\u20133.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6931837\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben Hutchinson Vinodkumar Prabhakaran Emily Denton Kellie Webster Yu Zhong and Stephen Denuyl. 2020. Social biases in NLP models as barriers for persons with disabilities. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2005.00813 (2020).","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.487"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turea\u00a0Michelle Hutson Elizabeth McGhee\u00a0Hassrick Sherira Fernandes Jessica Walton Kathryn Bouvier-Weinberg Antoinette Radcliffe and Ayana Allen-Handy. 2022. \u201cI\u2019m just different\u2013that\u2019s all\u2013I\u2019m so sorry\u2026\u201d: Black men ASD and the urgent need for DisCrit Theory in police encounters. Policing: An International Journal 45 3 (2022) 524\u2013537.","DOI":"10.1108\/PIJPSM-10-2021-0149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Antonio Iannone and Daniele Giansanti. 2024. Breaking Barriers\u2014The Intersection of AI and Assistive Technology in Autism Care: A Narrative Review. Journal of Personalized Medicine 14 11 (Jan. 2024) 41. 10.3390\/jpm14010041","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14010041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445778"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anthony Jameson and Krzysztof\u00a0Z Gajos. 2012. Systems that adapt to their users. The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook: Fundamentals Evolving Technologies and Emerging Applications 3ed. CRC Press Boca Raton FL (2012).","DOI":"10.1201\/b11963-ch-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642894"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vikram\u00a0K Jaswal and Nameera Akhtar. 2019. Being versus appearing socially uninterested: Challenging assumptions about social motivation in autism. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 42 (2019) e82.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X18001826"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003011668-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiffany\u00a0D Johnson and Aparna Joshi. 2016. Dark clouds or silver linings? A stigma threat perspective on the implications of an autism diagnosis for workplace well-being.Journal of applied psychology 101 3 (2016) 430.","DOI":"10.1037\/apl0000058"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Desiree\u00a0R Jones Kilee\u00a0M DeBrabander and Noah\u00a0J Sasson. 2021. Effects of autism acceptance training on explicit and implicit biases toward autism. Autism 25 5 (2021) 1246\u20131261.","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361320984896"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_67_2","unstructured":"E Jones. 2019. Autistic people are not all superheroes but we\u2019re not all tragic either. The Guardian (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anat Kasirer and Nira Mashal. 2014. Verbal creativity in autism: Comprehension and generation of metaphoric language in high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and typical development. Frontiers in human neuroscience 8 (2014) 615.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00615"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_69_2","unstructured":"Jiro Kawakita. 1991. The original KJ method. Tokyo: Kawakita Research Institute 5 (1991) 1991."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706599.3719800"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818052.2874343"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858402"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713344"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cinoo Lee Kristina Gligori\u0107 Pratyusha\u00a0Ria Kalluri Maggie Harrington Esin Durmus Kiara\u00a0L. Sanchez Nay San Danny Tse Xuan Zhao MarYam\u00a0G. Hamedani Hazel\u00a0Rose Markus Dan Jurafsky and Jennifer\u00a0L. Eberhardt. 2024. People who share encounters with racism are silenced online by humans and machines but a guideline-reframing intervention holds promise. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121 38 (2024) e2322764121. 10.1073\/pnas.2322764121 arXiv:https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2322764121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2322764121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-emnlp.331"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3715275.3732212"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613905.3651996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376590"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alliyza Lim Robyn\u00a0L Young and Neil Brewer. 2022. Autistic adults may be erroneously perceived as deceptive and lacking credibility. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 52 2 (2022) 490\u2013507.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-021-04963-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rebecca-Eli\u00a0M Long. 2025. Access points: Understanding special interests through autistic narratives. Autism in Adulthood 7 1 (2025) 100\u2013111.","DOI":"10.1089\/aut.2023.0157"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/54465"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alison MacKenzie. 2018. Prejudicial stereotypes and testimonial injustice: Autism sexuality and sex education. International Journal of Educational Research 89 (2018) 110\u2013118.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijer.2017.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nathan\u00a0V Mallipeddi and Rachel\u00a0A VanDaalen. 2022. Intersectionality within critical autism studies: A narrative review. Autism in Adulthood 4 4 (2022) 281\u2013289.","DOI":"10.1089\/aut.2021.0014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"David Mason Barry Ingham Anna Urbanowicz Cos Michael Heather Birtles Marc Woodbury-Smith Toni Brown Ian James Clare Scarlett Christina Nicolaidis et\u00a0al. 2019. A systematic review of what barriers and facilitators prevent and enable physical healthcare services access for autistic adults. Journal of autism and developmental disorders 49 (2019) 3387\u20133400.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-04049-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Malcolm Matthews. 2019. Why Sheldon Cooper Can\u2019t Be Black. Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies 13 1 (2019) 57\u201374. 10.3828\/jlcds.2019.4 arXiv:https:\/\/www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk\/doi\/pdf\/10.3828\/jlcds.2019.4","DOI":"10.3828\/jlcds.2019.4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Julia Mendelsohn Yulia Tsvetkov and Dan Jurafsky. 2020. A Framework for the Computational Linguistic Analysis of Dehumanization. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 3 (Aug. 2020). 10.3389\/frai.2020.00055","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2020.00055"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Damian\u00a0EM Milton. 2012. On the ontological status of autism: The \u2018double empathy problem\u2019. Disability & society 27 6 (2012) 883\u2013887.","DOI":"10.1080\/09687599.2012.710008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alice Newton Aidan Flinn James Downs and Laura Richmond. 2025. Rethinking self-identification in neurodivergent communities: barriers harms and the need for change. Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 4 (2025) 1682129.","DOI":"10.3389\/frcha.2025.1682129"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiachra O\u2019Brolch\u00e1in. 2018. Autonomy benefits and risks of assistive technologies for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Frontiers in public health 6 (2018) 296.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00296"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_91_2","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor\u00a0Statistics. 2023. Persons with a disability: Labor force characteristics\u20142023."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_92_2","unstructured":"Cliodhna O\u2019Connor and Maria Downey. 2024. Stereotyping adult autism in popular media: A content analysis of generic statements about autistic adults in British newspapers 2014\u20132023. Autism in Adulthood (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_93_2","unstructured":"Cliodhna O\u2019Connor and Maria Downey. 2024. Stereotyping adult autism in popular media: A content analysis of generic statements about autistic adults in British newspapers 2014\u20132023. Autism in Adulthood (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_94_2","unstructured":"Samuel\u00a0J. Paech. 2023. EQ-Bench: An Emotional Intelligence Benchmark for Large Language Models. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2312.06281\u00a0[cs.CL]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_95_2","unstructured":"Samuel\u00a0J. Paech. 2025. EQ-Bench 3: Emotional Intelligence Benchmark. https:\/\/github.com\/EQ-bench\/eqbench3."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-28032-0_24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713420"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3531073.3531157"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_99_2","unstructured":"Gwyneth Peaty. 2025. Disability Neurodivergence and the Super. The Routledge Companion to Superhero Studies (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paola Pennisi Laura Giallongo Giusy Milintenda and Michela Cannarozzo. 2021. Autism autistic traits and creativity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cognitive processing 22 1 (2021) 1\u201336.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-020-00992-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ella Perry William Mandy Laura Hull and Eilidh Cage. 2022. Understanding camouflaging as a response to autism-related stigma: A social identity theory approach. Journal of autism and developmental disorders 52 2 (2022) 800\u2013810.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-021-04987-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nina Perry Carter Sun Martha Munro Kelsie\u00a0A Boulton and Adam\u00a0J Guastella. 2024. AI technology to support adaptive functioning in neurodevelopmental conditions in everyday environments: a systematic review. NPJ Digital Medicine 7 1 (2024) 370.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01355-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linda Petersson-Bloom and Mona Holmqvist. 2022. Strategies in supporting inclusive education for autistic students\u2014A systematic review of qualitative research results. Autism & Developmental Language Impairments 7 (2022).","DOI":"10.1177\/23969415221123429"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jasmine Phung Melanie Penner Cl\u00e9mentine Pirlot and Christie Welch. 2021. What I wish you knew: Insights on burnout inertia meltdown and shutdown from autistic youth. Frontiers in psychology 12 (2021) 741421.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.741421"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3715275.3732128"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jill Pluquailec. 2018. Affective economies autism and \u2018challenging behaviour\u2019: Socio-spatial emotions in disabled children\u2019s education. Emotion Space and Society 29 (2018) 9\u201314.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emospa.2018.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7560\/324912"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charlie Remy and Priscilla Seaman. 2014. Evolving from disability to diversity: How to better serve high-functioning autistic students. Reference & User Services Quarterly 54 1 (2014) 24.","DOI":"10.5860\/rusq.54n1.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2675133.2675216"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858038"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ginny Russell Steven\u00a0K Kapp Daisy Elliott Chris Elphick Ruth Gwernan-Jones and Christabel Owens. 2019. Mapping the autistic advantage from the accounts of adults diagnosed with autism: A qualitative study. Autism in Adulthood 1 2 (2019) 124\u2013133.","DOI":"10.1089\/aut.2018.0035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noah\u00a0J Sasson Daniel\u00a0J Faso Jack Nugent Sarah Lovell Daniel\u00a0P Kennedy and Ruth\u00a0B Grossman. 2017. Neurotypical peers are less willing to interact with those with autism based on thin slice judgments. Scientific reports 7 1 (2017) 40700.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40700"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kate Seers and Rachel\u00a0C Hogg. 2021. You don\u2019t look autistic\u2019: A qualitative exploration of women\u2019s experiences of being the \u2018autistic other. Autism 25 6 (2021) 1553\u20131564.","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361321993722"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_114_2","unstructured":"Mrinank Sharma Meg Tong Tomasz Korbak David Duvenaud Amanda Askell Samuel\u00a0R Bowman Newton Cheng Esin Durmus Zac Hatfield-Dodds Scott\u00a0R Johnston et\u00a0al. 2023. Towards understanding sycophancy in language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2310.13548 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_115_2","unstructured":"Emily Sheng Josh Arnold Zhou Yu Kai-Wei Chang and Nanyun Peng. 2021. Revealing Persona Biases in Dialogue Systems. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2104.08728\u00a0[cs.CL] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2104.08728"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laura\u00a0J Smethurst Andrew\u00a0R Thompson and Megan Freeth. 2024. \u201cI\u2019ve absolutely reached rock bottom and have no energy\u201d: the lived experience of unemployed and underemployed autistic adults. Autism in Adulthood (2024).","DOI":"10.1089\/aut.2023.0171"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.emnlp-main.625"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_118_2","unstructured":"National\u00a0Autistic Society. [n. d.]. How to talk and write about autism. https:\/\/www.autism.org.uk\/contact-us\/media-enquiries\/how-to-talk-and-write-about-autism"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vera Sorin Panagiotis Korfiatis Jeremy\u00a0D. Collins Donald Apakama Benjamin\u00a0S. Glicksberg Mei-Ean Yeow Megan Brandeland Girish\u00a0N. Nadkarni and Eyal Klang. 2025. Socio-Demographic Modifiers Shape Large Language Models\u2019 Ethical Decisions. Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research 9 4 (Aug 2025) 567\u2013586. 10.1007\/s41666-025-00211-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s41666-025-00211-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"James\u00a0WA Strachan Dalila Albergo Giulia Borghini Oriana Pansardi Eugenio Scaliti Saurabh Gupta Krati Saxena Alessandro Rufo Stefano Panzeri Guido Manzi et\u00a0al. 2024. Testing theory of mind in large language models and humans. Nature Human Behaviour 8 7 (2024) 1285\u20131295.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-024-01882-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1159"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Connie\u00a0Mosher Syharat Alexandra Hain Arash\u00a0E Zaghi Rachael Gabriel and Catherine\u00a0GP Berdanier. 2023. Experiences of neurodivergent students in graduate STEM programs. Frontiers in Psychology 14 (2023) 1149068.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1149068"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_123_2","unstructured":"Yingshui Tan Yilei Jiang Yanshi Li Jiaheng Liu Xingyuan Bu Wenbo Su Xiangyu Yue Xiaoyong Zhu and Bo Zheng. 2025. Equilibrate RLHF: Towards Balancing Helpfulness-Safety Trade-off in Large Language Models. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2502.11555\u00a0[cs.AI] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2502.11555"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642899"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3715275.3732061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caroline Treweek Chantelle Wood Jilly Martin and Megan Freeth. 2019. Autistic people\u2019s perspectives on stereotypes: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Autism 23 3 (2019) 759\u2013769.","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361318778286"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.findings-emnlp.648"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_128_2","volume-title":"ICLR 2024 Workshop on Reliable and Responsible Foundation Models","author":"Wei Qiyao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qiyao Wei, Alex\u00a0James Chan, Lea Goetz, David Watson, and Mihaela van\u00a0der Schaar. 2024. Actions Speak Louder than Words: Superficial Fairness Alignment in LLMs. In ICLR 2024 Workshop on Reliable and Responsible Foundation Models. https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=GkWLl0J59d"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marilena Williams and Gus Vouchilas. 2013. Residential design for families with children on the autism spectrum. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences 105 3 (2013) 33.","DOI":"10.14307\/JFCS105.3.9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chantelle Wood and Megan Freeth. 2016. Students\u2019 stereotypes of autism. Journal of Educational Issues 2 2 (2016) 131\u2013140.","DOI":"10.5296\/jei.v2i2.9975"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P18-1205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3733816.3760750"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_133_2","first-page":"V006T06A018","volume-title":"International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference","volume":"88407","author":"Zhu Qihao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qihao Zhu, Leah Chong, Maria Yang, and Jianxi Luo. 2024. Reading users\u2019 minds from what they say: An investigation into llm-based empathic mental inference. In International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference , Vol.\u00a088407. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, V006T06A018."}],"event":{"name":"CHI 2026: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Barcelona Spain","acronym":"CHI '26","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3772318.3791319","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T10:56:28Z","timestamp":1781002588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3772318.3791319"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"references-count":132,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3772318.3791319","10.1145\/3772318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3772318.3791319","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}