{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:11:18Z","timestamp":1792804278777,"version":"4.5.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":60,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3772318.3791633","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T09:47:11Z","timestamp":1776073631000},"page":"1-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Passing Down Passwords: How Older Adults Approach Postmortem Account Access and Digital Estate Planning"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2840-1535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2198-5067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8209-6792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lujo","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2506-8031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Christin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2125-0124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorrie","family":"Faith Cranor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrew\u00a0A Adams and Shirley\u00a0A Williams. 2014. What\u2019s yours is mine and what\u2019s mine\u2019s my own: joint accounts and digital identity. ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society 44 1 (2014) 15\u201326.","DOI":"10.1145\/2602147.2602150"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"Top names of the 1940s","author":"Administration Social\u00a0Security","year":"2025","unstructured":"Social\u00a0Security Administration. 2025. Top names of the 1940s. Retrieved 2025-05-13 from https:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/oact\/babynames\/decades\/names1940s.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/eurousec.2016.23011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","volume-title":"How to add a Legacy Contact for your Apple Account","year":"2024","unstructured":"Apple. 2024. How to add a Legacy Contact for your Apple Account. Retrieved 2025-05-13 from https:\/\/support.apple.com\/en-us\/102631"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","volume-title":"How to Prepare for Your Digital Afterlife","author":"Biersdorfer J.\u00a0D.","year":"2025","unstructured":"J.\u00a0D. Biersdorfer. 2025. How to Prepare for Your Digital Afterlife. Retrieved 2025-09-10 from https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/02\/12\/technology\/personaltech\/social-media-accounts-death.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology 3 2 (2006) 77\u2013101.","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Fifteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2019)","author":"Busse Karoline","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karoline Busse, Julia Sch\u00e4fer, and Matthew Smith. 2019. Replication: No One Can Hack My Mind Revisiting a Study on Expert and Non-Expert Security Practices and Advice. In Fifteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2019). USENIX Association, Santa Clara, CA, 117\u2013136. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/soups2019\/presentation\/busse"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445359"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dylan\u00a0Thomas Doyle and Jed\u00a0R Brubaker. 2023. Digital legacy: a systematic literature review. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7 CSCW2 (2023) 1\u201326.","DOI":"10.1145\/3610059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642250"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lilian Edwards and Edina Harbina. 2013. Protecting post-mortem privacy: Reconsidering the privacy interests of the deceased in a digital world. Cardozo Arts & Ent. LJ 32 (2013) 83.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2267388"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713209"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Fidelity. 2025. Average and Median Net Worth by Age. https:\/\/www.fidelity.com\/learning-center\/smart-money\/average-net-worth-by-age"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Fifteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2019)","author":"Frik Alisa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alisa Frik, Leysan Nurgalieva, Julia Bernd, Joyce Lee, Florian Schaub, and Serge Egelman. 2019. Privacy and Security Threat Models and Mitigation Strategies of Older Adults. In Fifteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2019). USENIX Association, Santa Clara, CA, 21\u201340. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/soups2019\/presentation\/frik"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katie\u00a0Z Gach and Jed\u00a0R Brubaker. 2020. Experiences of trust in postmortem profile management. ACM Transactions on Social Computing 3 1 (2020) 1\u201326.","DOI":"10.1145\/3365525"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katie\u00a0Z Gach and Jed\u00a0R Brubaker. 2021. Getting your Facebook affairs in order: User expectations in post-mortem profile management. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5 CSCW1 (2021) 1\u201329.","DOI":"10.1145\/3449248"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","volume-title":"About Inactive Account Manager - Google Account Help","year":"2025","unstructured":"Google. 2025. About Inactive Account Manager - Google Account Help. Retrieved 2025-05-13 from https:\/\/support.google.com\/accounts\/answer\/3036546?hl=en"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2901790.2901802"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2598510.2598579"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2466240"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","volume-title":"The Revised Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act (RUFADAA)","author":"Hannibal Betsy\u00a0Simmons","year":"2025","unstructured":"Betsy\u00a0Simmons Hannibal. 2025. The Revised Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act (RUFADAA). Retrieved 2025-09-10 from https:\/\/www.nolo.com\/legal-encyclopedia\/ufadaa.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edina Harbinja. 2019. Emails and death: Legal issues surrounding post-mortem transmission of emails. Death Studies 43 7 (2019) 435\u2013445.","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2019.1609133"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581328"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","volume-title":"Let\u2019s talk about the Big Book: Everything your family needs to know when you die","author":"Heath Thomas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thomas Heath. 2018. Let\u2019s talk about the Big Book: Everything your family needs to know when you die. Retrieved 2025-05-13 from https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/business\/economy\/its-that-time-of-year-lets-talk-about-the-big-book\/2018\/05\/18\/da00f2f8-5932-11e8-8836-a4a123c359ab_story.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3442381.3450030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","unstructured":"Jamie\u00a0P Hopkins. 2013. Afterlife in the cloud: Managing a digital estate. Hastings Sci. & Tech. LJ 5 (2013) 209."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","first-page":"327","volume-title":"Eleventh Symposium On Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2015)","author":"Ion Iulia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iulia Ion, Rob Reeder, and Sunny Consolvo. 2015. \u201c...No one Can Hack My Mind\u201d: Comparing Expert and Non-Expert Security Practices. In Eleventh Symposium On Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2015). USENIX Association, Ottawa, 327\u2013346. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/soups2015\/proceedings\/presentation\/ion"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","volume-title":"We each have an average of 100 online accounts. Here\u2019s how to make sure they aren\u2019t a nightmare for your family if you die","author":"Kelly Samantha\u00a0Murphy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Samantha\u00a0Murphy Kelly. 2024. We each have an average of 100 online accounts. Here\u2019s how to make sure they aren\u2019t a nightmare for your family if you die. Retrieved 2025-09-10 from https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/02\/26\/tech\/digital-legacy-planning-personal-technology\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Junchao Lin Jason\u00a0I Hong and Laura Dabbish. 2021. \" It\u2019s our mutual responsibility to share\" The Evolution of Account Sharing in Romantic Couples. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5 CSCW1 (2021) 1\u201327.","DOI":"10.1145\/3449234"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2073276.2073278"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","volume-title":"Gender & Sex in Methods & Measurement \u2013 Research Equity Toolkit: Tool #9: Qualitative Considerations","author":"Lowik A.","year":"2024","unstructured":"A. Lowik, J.\u00a0J. Cameron, J. Dame, J. Ford, L. Pulice-Farrow, T. Salway, S. van Anders, and K. Shannon. 2024. Gender & Sex in Methods & Measurement \u2013 Research Equity Toolkit: Tool #9: Qualitative Considerations. Technical Report. Collaborative of Gender and Sexual Health Equity Research Education Resources (CGSHE), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. https:\/\/cgshe.ca\/app\/uploads\/2019\/11\/GSMM-T9-FINAL.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-21006-3_33"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979090"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Sixteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2020)","author":"McDonald Nora","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nora McDonald, Alison Larsen, Allison Battisti, Galina Madjaroff, Aaron Massey, and Helena Mentis. 2020. Realizing Choice: Online Safeguards for Couples Adapting to Cognitive Challenges. In Sixteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2020). USENIX Association, Virtual, 99\u2013110. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/soups2020\/presentation\/mcdonald"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nora McDonald Sarita Schoenebeck and Andrea Forte. 2019. Reliability and inter-rater reliability in qualitative research: Norms and guidelines for CSCW and HCI practice. Proceedings of the ACM on human-computer interaction 3 CSCW (2019) 1\u201323.","DOI":"10.1145\/3359174"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","volume-title":"About legacy contacts on Facebook | Facebook Help Center","year":"2025","unstructured":"Meta. 2025. About legacy contacts on Facebook | Facebook Help Center. Retrieved 2025-05-13 from https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/help\/1568013990080948"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","volume-title":"Digital Assets: A Call To Action","author":"Michels Johan\u00a0David","year":"2021","unstructured":"Johan\u00a0David Michels, Sharon Hartung, and Christopher Millard. 2021. Digital Assets: A Call To Action. Technical Report. Queen Mary University of London, The Society for Trust and Estate Practitioners, United Kingdom. https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=3925439"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","volume-title":"Beyond the Clouds, Part 2: What Happens to the Files You Store in the Clouds When You Die?","author":"Michels Johan\u00a0David","year":"2019","unstructured":"Johan\u00a0David Michels, Dimitra Kamarinou, and Christopher Millard. 2019. Beyond the Clouds, Part 2: What Happens to the Files You Store in the Clouds When You Die?Technical Report. Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=3387398"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","volume-title":"Beyond the Clouds, Part 1: What Cloud Contracts Say About Who Owns and Can Access Your Content","author":"Michels Johan\u00a0David","year":"2019","unstructured":"Johan\u00a0David Michels, Christopher Millard, and Srishti Joshi. 2019. Beyond the Clouds, Part 1: What Cloud Contracts Say About Who Owns and Can Access Your Content. Technical Report. Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=3386609"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","volume-title":"How to Prepare Your Digital Life for Your Death","author":"Mlot Stephanie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stephanie Mlot and Jason Cohen. 2024. How to Prepare Your Digital Life for Your Death. Retrieved 2025-09-10 from https:\/\/www.pcmag.com\/how-to\/how-to-prepare-your-digital-life-accounts-for-your-death"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","first-page":"219","volume-title":"Twentieth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2024)","author":"Moh Phoebe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Phoebe Moh, Andrew Yang, Nathan Malkin, and Michelle\u00a0L. Mazurek. 2024. Understanding How People Share Passwords. In Twentieth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2024). USENIX Association, Philadelphia, PA, 219\u2013237. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/soups2024\/presentation\/moh"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2598510.2598516"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376632"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2207723"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580766"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3291228.3291236"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_51_2","first-page":"319","volume-title":"Fifteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2019)","author":"Pearman Sarah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sarah Pearman, Shikun\u00a0Aerin Zhang, Lujo Bauer, Nicolas Christin, and Lorrie\u00a0Faith Cranor. 2019. Why people (don\u2019t) use password managers effectively. In Fifteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2019). USENIX Association, Santa Clara, CA, 319\u2013338. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/soups2019\/presentation\/pearman"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_52_2","volume-title":"A Loved One Dies. No One Knows Their Passwords. Here\u2019s What to Do.","author":"Perry Haley","year":"2025","unstructured":"Haley Perry. 2025. A Loved One Dies. No One Knows Their Passwords. Here\u2019s What to Do.Retrieved 2025-09-10 from https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/wirecutter\/reviews\/advice-password-recovery-after-death\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2998181.2998262"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_54_2","first-page":"73","volume-title":"30th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 21)","author":"Ray Hirak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hirak Ray, Flynn Wolf, Ravi Kuber, and Adam\u00a0J. Aviv. 2021. Why Older Adults (Don\u2019t) Use Password Managers. In 30th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 21). USENIX Association, Virtual, 73\u201390. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/usenixsecurity21\/presentation\/ray"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1240624.1240759"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yunpeng Song Cori Faklaris Zhongmin Cai Jason\u00a0I Hong and Laura Dabbish. 2019. Normal and easy: Account sharing practices in the workplace. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 3 CSCW (2019) 1\u201325.","DOI":"10.1145\/3359185"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2639189.2639485"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_58_2","unstructured":"Trust & Will. 2025. Redefining Legacy. https:\/\/trustandwill.com\/documents\/2025-estate-planning-report 2025 Estate Planning Report."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_59_2","unstructured":"Uniform Law Commission. 2015. Revised Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act. Approved by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. https:\/\/www.uniformlaws.org\/committees\/community-home?communitykey=f7237fc4-74c2-4728-81c6-b39a91ecdf22 Uniform Act."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_60_2","volume-title":"USENIX Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS) Poster Session","author":"Yuan Lirong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lirong Yuan, Yanxin Chen, Jenny Tang, and Lorrie\u00a0Faith Cranor. 2024. Account password sharing in ordinary situations and emergencies: A comparison between young and older adults. In USENIX Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS) Poster Session. USENIX Association, Philadelphia, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yixin Zou Kaiwen Sun Tanisha Afnan Ruba Abu-Salma Robin Brewer and Florian Schaub. 2024. Cross-contextual examination of older adults\u2019 privacy concerns behaviors and vulnerabilities. Privacy-Enhancing Technologies (PoPETs) 2024 (2024) 133\u2013150.","DOI":"10.56553\/popets-2024-0009"}],"event":{"name":"CHI 2026: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Barcelona Spain","acronym":"CHI '26","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3772318.3791633","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T10:58:28Z","timestamp":1776250708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3772318.3791633"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3772318.3791633","10.1145\/3772318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3772318.3791633","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}