{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T07:55:44Z","timestamp":1776930944419,"version":"3.51.2"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":81,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3772318.3793807","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T09:47:11Z","timestamp":1776073631000},"page":"1-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding Gendered Experiences of Harassment Among Pakistani Young Adults Using Human-Centered Threat Modeling"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1960-4396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Warda","family":"Usman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8894-3231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taha","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA and CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0571-5229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saba","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5207-5352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amna","family":"Batool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA and Keough School of Global Affairs, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2095-9983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Zappala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557376"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP. 2023. Digital Services Act: Protecting the Digital Space Against the Spread of Illegal Content. https:\/\/www.akingump.com\/en\/insights\/alerts\/digital-services-act-protecting-the-digital-space-against-the-spread-of-illegal-content. Accessed: 2025-12-01."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2737856.2737870"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rabia Ali. 2025. Silenced online: Women\u2019s experiences of digital harassment in Pakistan. Women\u2019s Studies International Forum 110 (2025) 103090. 10.1016\/j.wsif.2025.103090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wsif.2025.103090"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Saman Ali. 2021. Understanding harassment and factors associated with it among high school going adolescent girls in Karachi Pakistan. Ph.\u00a0D. Dissertation. Aga Khan University. https:\/\/ecommons.aku.edu\/theses_dissertations\/1453\/ Accessed: 2025-05-08."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Nineteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2023)","author":"Ashraf Afaq","year":"2023","unstructured":"Afaq Ashraf, Cornelius\u00a0J K\u00f6nig, Mobin Javed, Maryam Mustafa, et\u00a0al. 2023. \" Stalking is immoral but not illegal\": Understanding Security, Cyber Crimes and Threats in Pakistan. In Nineteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2023). 37\u201356."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farzana Ashraf and Denise Jepsen. 2024. Private patriarchy\u2019s impact on women\u2019s careers: Through Kaleidoscope career model lens. Group & Organization Management (2024) 10596011241227263.","DOI":"10.1177\/10596011241227263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642871"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Twenty-First USENIX Conference on Usable Privacy and Security","author":"Batool Amna","year":"2025","unstructured":"Amna Batool and Kentaro Toyama. 2025. Between court orders and platform policies: understanding law enforcement and meta interactions in addressing non-consensual image disclosure abuse. In Proceedings of the Twenty-First USENIX Conference on Usable Privacy and Security. 241\u2013258."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","volume-title":"Capability approach to public-space harassment of women: Evidence from India and Bangladesh","author":"Berik G\u00fcnseli","year":"2022","unstructured":"G\u00fcnseli Berik, Haimanti Bhattacharya, Tejinder\u00a0Pal Singh, Aashima Sinha, Jacqueline Strenio, Sharin\u00a0Shajahan Naomi, and Sharon Talboys. 2022. Capability approach to public-space harassment of women: Evidence from India and Bangladesh. Technical Report."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Sophie Bertazzo. 2021. Online harassment isn\u2019t growing-but it\u2019s getting more severe. https:\/\/www.pewtrusts.org\/en\/trust\/archive\/spring-2021\/online-harassment-isnt-growing-but-its-getting-more-severe"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindsay Blackwell Jill Dimond Sarita Schoenebeck and Cliff Lampe. 2017. Classification and its consequences for online harassment: Design insights from heartmob. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 1 CSCW (2017) 1\u201319.","DOI":"10.1145\/3134659"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Aisha\u00a0Wood Boulanouar. 2006. The notion of modesty in Muslim women\u2019s clothing: An Islamic point of view. New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 8 2 (2006) 134."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","volume-title":"Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development","author":"Boyatzis Richard\u00a0E","year":"1998","unstructured":"Richard\u00a0E Boyatzis. 1998. Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Sage."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michaela\u00a0M Bucchianeri Marla\u00a0E Eisenberg Melanie\u00a0M Wall Niva Piran and Dianne Neumark-Sztainer. 2014. Multiple types of harassment: Associations with emotional well-being and unhealthy behaviors in adolescents. Journal of adolescent Health 54 6 (2014) 724\u2013729.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.10.205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Niall Buchanan and Adam Mahoney. 2022. Development of a scale measuring online sexual harassment: Examining gender differences and the emotional impact of sexual harassment victimization online. Legal and Criminological Psychology 27 1 (2022) 63\u201381. arXiv:https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/lcrp.1219710.1111\/lcrp.12197","DOI":"10.1111\/lcrp.12197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Amanda Burgess-Proctor Justin\u00a0W Patchin and Sameer Hinduja. 2009. Cyberbullying and online harassment: Reconceptualizing the victimization of adolescent girls. Female crime victims: Reality reconsidered 162 (2009) 176."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ameer\u00a0Ali Buriro Pasand\u00a0Ali Khoso and Zohra Khatoon. 2020. Men\u2019s perception about domestic violence in rural Sindh Pakistan. Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 4 2 (Dec 2020) 331\u2013344. 10.47264\/idea.lassij\/4.2.26","DOI":"10.47264\/idea.lassij\/4.2.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Congressional Research Service. 2025. LSB11314 \u2013 Overview of [CRS Legal Sidebar]. https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/crs-product\/LSB11314. Accessed: 2025-12-01."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robert\u00a0W Connell and James\u00a0W Messerschmidt. 2005. Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept. Gender & society 19 6 (2005) 829\u2013859.","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243205278639"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","volume-title":"Doing qualitative research","author":"Crabtree Benjamin\u00a0F","year":"2023","unstructured":"Benjamin\u00a0F Crabtree and William\u00a0L Miller. 2023. Doing qualitative research. sage publications."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"Kimberle Crenshaw. 1991. Race gender and sexual harassment. s. Cal. l. Rev. 65 (1991) 1467."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520939530"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","unstructured":"Dawn. 2025. Senate\u2019s approval of contentious Peca amendments bill triggers protests across country. Dawn (2025). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.dawn.com\/news\/1888224."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"Tribune Desk. 2022. https:\/\/www.dhakatribune.com\/bangladesh\/crime\/267419\/factbox-what-bangladesh%E2%80%99s-laws-say-about-sexual"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karen\u00a0E Dyer Sharyn\u00a0J Potter Alison\u00a0B Hamilton Tana\u00a0M Luger Alicia\u00a0A Bergman Elizabeth\u00a0M Yano and Ruth Klap. 2019. Gender differences in veterans\u2019 perceptions of harassment on veterans health administration grounds. Women\u2019s Health Issues 29 (2019) S83\u2013S93.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2752\/9781847888969"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colleen English. 2017. Toward sport reform: Hegemonic masculinity and reconceptualizing competition. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 44 2 (2017) 183\u2013198.","DOI":"10.1080\/00948705.2017.1300538"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","unstructured":"Federal Investigation Agency. 2025. FIA Cyber Crime Wing. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.fia.gov.pk\/ccw."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jennifer Fereday and Eimear Muir-Cochrane. 2006. Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: A hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development. International journal of qualitative methods 5 1 (2006) 80\u201392.","DOI":"10.1177\/160940690600500107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Louise\u00a0F Fitzgerald Michele\u00a0J Gelfand and Fritz Drasgow. 1995. Measuring sexual harassment: Theoretical and psychometric advances. Basic and applied social psychology 17 4 (1995) 425\u2013445.","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324834basp1704_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00a0Dennis Fortenberry and Devon\u00a0J Hensel. 2022. Sexual modesty in sexual expression and experience: A scoping review 2000-2021. The Journal of Sex Research 59 8 (2022) 1000\u20131014.","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2021.2016571"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","unstructured":"John Frederick. 2010. Sexual abuse and exploitation of boys in South Asia: A review of research findings legislation policy and programme responses. (2010)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sonia Ghumman Ann\u00a0Marie Ryan and Jin\u00a0Suk Park. 2016. Religious harassment in the workplace: An examination of observer intervention. Journal of Organizational Behavior 37 2 (2016) 279\u2013306.","DOI":"10.1002\/job.2044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","unstructured":"Government of India. 2000. Information Technology Act 2000 (Updated Version). https:\/\/www.indiacode.nic.in\/bitstream\/123456789\/13116\/1\/it_act_2000_updated.pdf. Accessed: 2025-12-01."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","unstructured":"Government of Pakistan. 2016. Pakistan Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) 2016. Retrieved from https:\/\/na.gov.pk\/uploads\/documents\/1470910659_707.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","unstructured":"Lea Gr\u00f6ber Waleed Arshad Angelica Goetzen Elissa\u00a0M Redmiles Maryam Mustafa Katharina Krombholz et\u00a0al. 2024. \u201cI chose to fight be brave and to deal with it\u201d: Threat Experiences and Security Practices of Pakistani Content Creators. (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00a0Carmen Herrera Antonio Herrera and Francisca Exp\u00f3sito. 2014. Stop Harassment! Men\u2019s reactions to victims\u2019 confrontation. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context 6 2 (2014) 45\u201352.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpal.2014.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sophie Hindes and Bianca Fileborn. 2023. \u2018Why did he do it? Because he\u2019sa Fucking Bloke\u2019: Victim Insights into the Perpetration of Street Harassment. The British Journal of Criminology 63 3 (2023) 668\u2013686.","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azac029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrew Gary\u00a0Darwin Holmes. 2020. Researcher Positionality\u2013A Consideration of Its Influence and Place in Qualitative Research\u2013A New Researcher Guide. Shanlax International Journal of Education 8 4 (2020) 1\u201310.","DOI":"10.34293\/education.v8i4.3232"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","unstructured":"Salman Hussain. 2021. Breaking Silence. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Ethnologie (ZfE)\/Journal of Social and Cultural Anthropology (JSCA)H. 1\/2 (2021) 155\u2013172."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kiran Ikram Nimra Ishtiaq and Nayab Javed. 2022. Street harassment of women in Lahore: Experiences consequences and reporting mechanism. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 8 2 (Jun 2022). 10.26710\/jbsee.v8i2.2242","DOI":"10.26710\/jbsee.v8i2.2242"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jane Im Sarita Schoenebeck Marilyn Iriarte Gabriel Grill Daricia Wilkinson Amna Batool Rahaf Alharbi Audrey Funwie Tergel Gankhuu Eric Gilbert et\u00a0al. 2022. Women\u2019s perspectives on harm and justice after online harassment. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6 CSCW2 (2022) 1\u201323.","DOI":"10.1145\/3555775"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Emma Jane. 2017. Misogyny online: A short (and brutish) history (2017). 10.4135\/9781473916029","DOI":"10.4135\/9781473916029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nida Kirmani. 2024. Resisting erasure: Tweeting against enforced disappearances in Balochistan. Dialectical Anthropology 48 1 (Feb 2024) 21\u201337. 10.1007\/s10624-024-09713-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10624-024-09713-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_2","volume-title":"Indigenous methodologies: Characteristics, conversations, and contexts","author":"Kovach Margaret","year":"2021","unstructured":"Margaret Kovach. 2021. Indigenous methodologies: Characteristics, conversations, and contexts. University of Toronto press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiona Leach and Shashikala Sitaram. 2007. Sexual harassment and abuse of adolescent schoolgirls in South India. Education Citizenship and Social Justice 2 3 (2007) 257\u2013277.","DOI":"10.1177\/1746197907081262"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_49_2","unstructured":"Cornell Law\u00a0School Legal Information Institute\u00a0(LII). 2013. The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act 2013. https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/gender-justice\/resource\/the_criminal_law_%28amendment%29_act_2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Megan Lindsay Jaime\u00a0M Booth Jill\u00a0T Messing and Jonel Thaller. 2016. Experiences of online harassment among emerging adults: Emotional reactions and the mediating role of fear. Journal of interpersonal violence 31 19 (2016) 3174\u20133195.","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260515584344"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_51_2","first-page":"4625","volume-title":"32nd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 23)","author":"McClearn Jessica","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jessica McClearn, Rikke\u00a0Bjerg Jensen, and Reem Talhouk. 2023. Othered, silenced and scapegoated: Understanding the situated security of marginalised populations in lebanon. In 32nd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 23). 4625\u20134642."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elizabeth\u00a0A McConnell Antonia Clifford Aaron\u00a0K Korpak Gregory Phillips\u00a0II and Michelle Birkett. 2017. Identity victimization and support: Facebook experiences and mental health among LGBTQ youth. Computers in Human Behavior 76 (2017) 237\u2013244.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18260\/1-2--41067"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_54_2","unstructured":"Meta Platforms Inc.2024. Combating Sextortion and Intimate Image Abuse. https:\/\/about.meta.com\/actions\/safety\/topics\/bullying-harassment\/ncii Accessed: 2025-05-10."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_55_2","unstructured":"Joe Mullin. 2025. The TAKE IT DOWN Act: A Flawed Attempt to Protect Victims That Will Lead to Censorship. EFF Deeplinks Blog (11 Feb. 2025). https:\/\/www.eff.org\/deeplinks\/2025\/02\/take-it-down-act-flawed-attempt-protect-victims-will-lead-censorship Accessed: 2025-12-04."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3501883"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_57_2","unstructured":"Treasury\u00a0Board of Canada\u00a0Secretariat. [n. d.]. Is it Harassment? A Tool to Guide Employees - Canada.ca \u2014 canada.ca. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/government\/publicservice\/wellness-inclusion-diversity-public-service\/harassment-violence\/harassment-tool-employees.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003428213-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_59_2","unstructured":"Pew Research Center. 2021. The State of Online Harassment. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2021\/01\/13\/the-state-of-online-harassment\/. Accessed: 2025-12-01."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anastasia Powell and Nicola Henry. 2014. Blurred lines? Responding to \u2018sexting\u2019and gender-based violence among young people. Children Australia 39 2 (2014) 119\u2013124.","DOI":"10.1017\/cha.2014.9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anastasia Powell Adrian\u00a0J Scott and Nicola Henry. 2020. Digital harassment and abuse: Experiences of sexuality and gender minority adults. European journal of criminology 17 2 (2020) 199\u2013223.","DOI":"10.1177\/1477370818788006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beth\u00a0A Quinn. 2002. Sexual harassment and masculinity: The power and meaning of \u201cgirl watching\u201d. Gender & Society 16 3 (2002) 386\u2013402.","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243202016003007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benson Rajan. 2025. Harassment and abuse of Indian women on dating apps: a narrative review of literature on technology-facilitated violence against women and dating app use. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 12 1 (2025) 1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-024-04286-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maria Rotundo Dung-Hanh Nguyen and Paul\u00a0R Sackett. 2001. A meta-analytic review of gender differences in perceptions of sexual harassment. Journal of applied psychology 86 5 (2001) 914.","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.86.5.914"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300232"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_66_2","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Fourteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2018)","author":"Sambasivan Nithya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nithya Sambasivan, Garen Checkley, Amna Batool, Nova Ahmed, David Nemer, Laura\u00a0Sanely Gayt\u00e1n-Lugo, Tara Matthews, Sunny Consolvo, and Elizabeth Churchill. 2018. \" Privacy is not for me, it\u2019s for those rich women\": Performative Privacy Practices on Mobile Phones by Women in South Asia. In Fourteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2018). 127\u2013142."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_68_2","unstructured":"Brad Sears Neko Castleberry Andy Lin and Christy Mallory. 2024. LGBTQ people\u2019s experiences of workplace discrimination and harassment. (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_69_2","volume-title":"Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences","author":"Seidman Irving","year":"2006","unstructured":"Irving Seidman. 2006. Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences. Teachers college press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_70_2","unstructured":"Anushka Singh and Ashutosh Kumar. 2023. Online Harassment: A Growing Concern in the Digital Age. International Journal of Future Management Research (IJFMR) 10 3 (2023) 1\u20136. https:\/\/www.ijfmr.com\/papers\/2023\/6\/10500.pdf Accessed: 2025-05-08."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_71_2","unstructured":"Charlotte Stemmer and Sylvia Poll. 2025. Let\u2019s end digital violence against women and girls. https:\/\/www.itu.int\/hub\/2025\/11\/lets-end-digital-violence-against-women-and-girls\/. Published by ITU Hub. Accessed: 2025-12-01."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_72_2","volume-title":"Microaggressions in everyday life: Race, gender, and sexual orientation","author":"Sue Derald\u00a0Wing","year":"2010","unstructured":"Derald\u00a0Wing Sue. 2010. Microaggressions in everyday life: Race, gender, and sexual orientation. John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_75_2","unstructured":"The Express Tribune. 2016. Pakistan\u2019s shameful denial of male rape. https:\/\/tribune.com.pk\/story\/1149618\/pakistans-shameful-denial-male-rape. Accessed: 2025-05-08."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1940761.1940772"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_77_2","unstructured":"UN Women. 2024. Facts and figures: Ending violence against women. https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/en\/articles\/facts-and-figures\/facts-and-figures-ending-violence-against-women. Accessed: 2025-12-01."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_78_2","unstructured":"United States Code. 2025. 18 U.S. Code \u00a7 2261A \u2013 Stalking. https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/18\/2261A. Accessed: 2025-12-01."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP61157.2025.00033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3452918.3458794"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michele\u00a0L Ybarra Marie Diener-West and Philip\u00a0J Leaf. 2007. Examining the overlap in Internet harassment and school bullying: Implications for school intervention. Journal of Adolescent health 41 6 (2007) S42\u2013S50.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2007.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3392561.3394639"}],"event":{"name":"CHI 2026: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Barcelona Spain","acronym":"CHI '26","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3772318.3793807","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T11:08:27Z","timestamp":1776251307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3772318.3793807"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3772318.3793807","10.1145\/3772318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3772318.3793807","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}