{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T20:59:52Z","timestamp":1777755592699,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As remote collaboration becomes central to contemporary work, it is crucial to understand how digital tools shape user experience (UX) and work engagement. This study examines how product design teams use Miro, an online collaborative whiteboard (OCW), to support collaboration in remote and hybrid work contexts. We identify unity as a core positive experience, consisting of four experiential forms: aggregation, relationality, connection, and fun. Using a sociomaterial lens, we show how these experiences emerge not from tool features alone, but from their entanglement with situated practices. Our contributions are fivefold: we (1) conceptualize unity as a distinct dimension of positive UX; (2) offer an epistemological response to HCI\u2019s call for relational, entangled approaches; (3) trace how unity emerges through sociomaterial configurations; (4) link these experiences to psychological need fulfilment and work engagement; and (5) demonstrate how positive UX arises through ordinary moments of digital work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3773036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T16:09:52Z","timestamp":1761667792000},"page":"1-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Unite and Engage: Positive Experiences and Work Engagement through Digital Tools"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9891-7850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pinar","family":"Simsek Caglar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Design, Aalto University School of Art and Design, Espoo, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5229-5918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hertta","family":"Vuorenmaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management and Organisation, Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6880-5636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virpi","family":"Roto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Design, Aalto University School of Art and Design, Espoo, Finland"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2468356.2468793"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1056808.1056810"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1518852"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118539415.wbwell019"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02678370802393649"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/345321"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979336"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","first-page":"33","article-title":"Technology, power, and the social organization of work","volume":"6","author":"Barley S. R.","year":"1988","unstructured":"S. R. Barley. 1988. Technology, power, and the social organization of work. Res. Sociol. Organ. 6 (1988), 33\u201380.","journal-title":"Res. Sociol. Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.1100.0573"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.117.3.497"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016224399702200401"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","unstructured":"Luna Bernfest. 2023. 2022 in Review: The Biggest Miro Updates. Retrieved from https:\/\/miro.com\/blog\/2022-in-review\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290607.3312922"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-2967-5_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1182475.1182476"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18291\/njwls.v8iS3.105275"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-2967-5_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Technology in Working Order: Studies in Work, Interaction, and Technology","author":"Button G.","year":"1993","unstructured":"G. Button. 1993. The curious case of the vanishing technology. In Technology in Working Order: Studies in Work, Interaction, and Technology. Routledge, London, 10\u201328."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300865"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00336882231165061"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","unstructured":"Clayton O\u2019Toole Jeremy Schneider Kate Smaje and Laura LaBerge. 2020. How COVID-19 Has Pushed Companies Over the Technology Tipping Point\u2014And Transformed Business Forever. McKinsey & Company. Retrieved October 15 2020 from. https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/capabilities\/strategy-and-corporate-finance\/our-insights\/how-covid-19-has-pushed-companies-over-the-technology-tipping-point-and-transformed-business-forever#\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3386089"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","unstructured":"Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. 1990. Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Harper & Row."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/S1479-3555(2010)0000008011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan. 2000. The \u201cwhat\u201d and \u201cwhy\u201d of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psycol. Inq. 11 (2000) 227\u2013268.","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327965PLI1104_01"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","volume-title":"Handbook of Self-Determination Research","author":"Deci Edward","year":"2002","unstructured":"Edward Deci and Richard M. Ryan. 2002. Handbook of Self-Determination Research. University of Rochester Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.86.3.499"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3027063.3049282"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3364998"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53615\/2232-5697.11.207-214"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818048.2820071"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818052.2855525"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2008.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02678370802379432"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/iwc\/iww022"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10606-018-9313-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1512714.1512717"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2010.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01449290500330331"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-2967-5_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-8854-0_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979141"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979371"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18420\/ecscw2017-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2014.930311"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","volume-title":"The Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction","author":"Lindgaard Gitte","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gitte Lindgaard. 2012. Commentary on: Tractinsky, Noam (2013): Visual aesthetics. In The Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction. Mads Soegaard and Rikke Friis Dam (Eds.), The Interaction Design Foundation"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","unstructured":"Diannah Lowry and Megan Moskos. 2005. Hanging on the Mobile Phone: Experiencing Work and Spatial Flexibility. Retrieved from https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:110699303."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09544828.2015.1041461"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","unstructured":"Susan Lund Anu Madgavkar James Manyika Sven Smit Kweilin Ellingrud and Olivia Robinson. 2021. The Future of Work after COVID-19. McKinsey. Retrieved October 15 2024 from https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/featured-insights\/future-of-work\/the-future-of-work-after-covid-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16993\/SJWOP.79"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02683962231164426"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6629(198601)14:1<6::AID-JCOP2290140103>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17011\/ht\/urn.201808103817"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753846.1754192"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","volume-title":"Practice Theory, Work, and Organization: An Introduction","author":"Nicolini Davide","year":"2012","unstructured":"Davide Nicolini. 2012. Practice Theory, Work, and Organization: An Introduction. Oxford University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174223"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0170840607081138"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/19416520802211644"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/1101\/5\/052012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24928\/2023\/0264"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su141912030"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1070.0165"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000298642.11872.29"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/ER-11-2021-0468"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207594.2012.680460"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-013-0271-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/job.248"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_69_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor","volume":"3","author":"Schaufeli Wilmar B.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wilmar B. Schaufeli, Marisa Salanova, Vicente Gonz\u00e1lez-Rom\u00e1, and Arnold B. Bakker. 2002. The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor. Anal. Approach 3 (2002), 71\u201392.","journal-title":"Anal. Approach"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3512979"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2023.2260910"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_72_2","unstructured":"Camille Skubik-Peplaski Steven Shisley Jennifer Edick and Whitney Cook. 2022. Agile Learning and Teaching with Miro Boards. In 2021 Pedagogicon \u2013 New Technologies."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.43.3.633"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JOEPP-09-2015-0031"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00749015"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_76_2","volume-title":"Human-Machine Reconfigurations: Plans and Situated Actions","author":"Suchman Lucy A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lucy A. Suchman. 2007. Human-Machine Reconfigurations: Plans and Situated Actions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222240109"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1995376.1995403"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2809888"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2994147"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02678370802393672"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2751314"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1518744"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2145204.2145234"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17011\/ht\/urn.201808103815"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2892548"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174165"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_88_2","unstructured":"Miro. 2024. The Visual Workspace for Innovation. Retrieved from https:\/\/miro.com\/about."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3773036","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T13:27:06Z","timestamp":1773408426000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3773036"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3773036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3773036","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-0516","1557-7325"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-0516","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7325","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}