{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T10:52:11Z","timestamp":1781952731423,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":37,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3773077.3806118","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T09:13:47Z","timestamp":1781946827000},"page":"755-783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Engagement Is Not Transfer: A Withdrawal Study of a Consumer Social Robot with Autistic Children at Home"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0370-5456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yibo","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, Ithaca, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8570-1636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangrui","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4312-153X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bingyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2309-437X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingfangzhong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7255-5353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruiqi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Centered Design & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0560-4228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haipeng","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. Alabdulkareem N. Alhakbani and A. Al-Nafjan. 2022. A Systematic Review of Research on Robot-Assisted Therapy for Children with Autism. Sensors 22 3 (2022) 944. 10.3390\/s22030944","DOI":"10.3390\/s22030944"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aida Amirova Nazerke Rakhymbayeva Aida Zhanatkyzy Zhansaule Telisheva and Anara Sandygulova. 2023. Effects of Parental Involvement in Robot-Assisted Autism Therapy. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 53 1 (2023) 438\u2013455. 10.1007\/s10803-022-05429-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-022-05429-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642836"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eloise Bagg Hannah Pickard Manting Tan Tim\u00a0J. Smith Emily Simonoff Andrew Pickles Virginia Carter\u00a0Leno and Rachael Bedford. 2024. Testing the social motivation theory of autism: the role of co-occurring anxiety. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 65 7 (2024) 899\u2013909. 10.1111\/jcpp.13925Epub 29 Dec 2023.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13925"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_6_2","unstructured":"Aaron Bangor Philip\u00a0T Kortum and James\u00a0T Miller. 2009. Determining what individual SUS scores mean: Adding an adjective rating scale. Journal of Usability Studies 4 3 (2009) 114\u2013123."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Simon Baron-Cohen Sally Wheelwright Jacqueline Hill Yogini Raste and Ian Plumb. 2001. The \u201cReading the Mind in the Eyes\u201d Test revised version: a study with normal adults and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 42 2 (2001) 241\u2013251. 10.1111\/1469-7610.00715Child version adapted from this original; see also Baron-Cohen et al. (2001) child adaptations.","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00715"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hoang-Long Cao Ramona\u00a0Elena Simut Naomi Desmet Albert De\u00a0Beir Greet Van De\u00a0Perre Bram Vanderborght and Johan Vanderfaeillie. 2020. Robot-assisted joint attention: A comparative study between children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing children in interaction with NAO. IEEE Access 8 (2020) 223325\u2013223334. 10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3044483","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3044483"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huili Chen Yubin Kim Kejia Patterson Cynthia Breazeal and Hae\u00a0Won Park. 2025. Social robots as conversational catalysts: Enhancing long-term human-human interaction at home. Science Robotics (2025). 10.1126\/scirobotics.adk3307","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.adk3307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mihaela Constantinescu Radu Uszkai Constantin Vica and Cristina Voinea. 2022. Children-Robot Friendship Moral Agency and Aristotelian Virtue Development. Frontiers in Robotics and AI 9 (2022) 818489. 10.3389\/frobt.2022.818489","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2022.818489"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Daniel David Paul Baxter Tony Belpaeme Erik Billing Haibin Cai Hoang-Long Cao Anamaria Ciocan Cristina Costescu Daniel Hernandez\u00a0Garcia Pablo G\u00f3mez\u00a0Esteban James Kennedy Honghai Liu Silviu Matu Alexandre Mazel Mihaela Selescu Emmanuel Senft Serge Thill Bram Vanderborght David Vernon and Tom Ziemke. 2025. Efficacy and effectiveness of robot-assisted therapy for autism spectrum disorder: From lab to reality. Science Robotics 10 109 (December 2025). 10.1126\/scirobotics.adl2266","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.adl2266"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Davide Ghiglino Pauline Chevalier Federica Floris Tiziana Priolo and Agnieszka Wykowska. 2021. Follow the white robot: Efficacy of robot-assistive training for children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 86 (2021) 101822. 10.1016\/j.rasd.2021.101822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2021.101822"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davide Ghiglino Federica Floris Davide De\u00a0Tommaso Kyveli Kompatsiari Pauline Chevalier Tiziana Priolo and Agnieszka Wykowska. 2023. Artificial scaffolding: Augmenting social cognition by means of robot technology. Autism Research 16 5 (2023) 997\u20131008.","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2906"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Davide Ghiglino Federica Floris Davide De\u00a0Tommaso Nicola\u00a0Severino Russi Alessia Frulli Silvia Moretti and Agnieszka Wykowska. 2025. Enhancing theory of mind in autism through humanoid robot interaction in a randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports (2025). 10.1038\/s41598-025-12253-7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-12253-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ana G\u00f3mez-Espinosa Jos\u00e9\u00a0Carlos Moreno and Sagrario P\u00e9rez-de\u00a0la Cruz. 2024. Assisted Robots in Therapies for Children with Autism in Early Childhood. Sensors 24 5 (2024) 1503. 10.3390\/s24051503Published 26 Feb 2024.","DOI":"10.3390\/s24051503"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K. Guan K.\u00a0R. Fox and M.\u00a0J. Prinstein. 2012. Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) in a community sample of Chinese adolescents. Psychological Assessment 24 4 (2012) 991\u20131004. 10.1037\/a0028547Validation of Chinese RCADS.","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028547"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Manu Kohli Arpan\u00a0Kumar Kar and S. Sinha. 2023. Robot facilitated rehabilitation of children with autism spectrum disorder: A 10 year scoping review. Expert Systems 40 5 (2023) e13204. 10.1111\/exsy.13204","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.13204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Athanasia Kouroupa Keith\u00a0R Laws Karen Irvine Silvana\u00a0E Mengoni Alister Baird and Shivani Sharma. 2022. The use of social robots with children and young people on the autism spectrum: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Plos one 17 6 (2022) e0269800. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0269800","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269800"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Athanasia Kouroupa Keith\u00a0R. Laws Karen Irvine Silvana\u00a0E. Mengoni Alister Baird and Shivani Sharma. 2022. The use of social robots with children and young people on the autism spectrum: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE 17 6 (2022) e0269800. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0269800","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269800"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Allison Langer Peter\u00a0J Marshall and Shelly Levy-Tzedek. 2023. Ethical considerations in child-robot interactions. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (2023). 10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105384"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kayla Matheus Rebecca Ramnauth Brian Scassellati and Nicole Salomons. 2025. Long-Term Interactions with Social Robots: Trends Insights and Recommendations. ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction 14 3 (2025) 1\u201342. 10.1145\/3729539","DOI":"10.1145\/3729539"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RO-MAN53752.2022.9900638"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3772363.3798690"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3772363.3798689"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adriana Piccolo Carmela De\u00a0Domenico Marcella Di\u00a0Cara Carmela Settimo Francesco Corallo Simona Leonardi Caterina Impallomeni Emanuela Tripodi Angelo Quartarone and Francesca Cucinotta. 2024. Parental involvement in robot-mediated intervention: a systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology 15 (2024) 1355901. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1355901","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1355901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nazerke Rakhymbayeva Aida Amirova and Anara Sandygulova. 2021. A Long-Term Engagement with a Social Robot for Autism Therapy. Frontiers in Robotics and AI 8 (2021) 669972. 10.3389\/frobt.2021.669972","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2021.669972"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_27_2","unstructured":"Victoria Rideout and Michael\u00a0B. Robb. 2022. The Common Sense Census: Media use by tweens and teens 2021. Common Sense Media (2022). https:\/\/www.commonsensemedia.org\/research\/the-common-sense-census-media-use-by-tweens-and-teens-2021 Framework for time-use measurement with devices; contextualizes displacement hypotheses."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zohreh Salimi Ensiyeh Jenabi and Saeid Bashirian. 2021. Are social robots ready yet to be used in care and therapy of autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 129 (2021) 1\u201316. 10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.04.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laura Santos Silvia Annunziata Alice Geminiani Alessia Ivani Alice Giubergia Daniela Garofalo Arianna Caglio Elena Brazzoli Rossella Lipari Maria\u00a0Chiara Carrozza et\u00a0al. 2025. Applications of robotics for autism spectrum disorder: a scoping review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 12 3 (2025) 455\u2013476. 10.1007\/s40489-023-00402-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s40489-023-00402-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wing-Chee So Wing-Wun Law Chun-Ho Cheng Cassandra Lee Ka-Ching Ng Fai-Yeung Kwok Ho-Wai Lam and Ka-Yee Lam. 2023. Comparing the effectiveness of robot-based to human-based intervention in improving joint attention in autistic children. Frontiers in Psychiatry 14 (2023) 1114907. 10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1114907","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1114907"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_31_2","unstructured":"UNICEF. 2025. Guidance on AI and children. Report. https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/innocenti\/reports\/policy-guidance-ai-children Use to justify child-centered safeguards (privacy wellbeing rights) for in-home social agents."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roberto Vagnetti Alessandro Di\u00a0Nuovo Monica Mazza and Marco Valenti. 2024. Social Robots: A Promising Tool to Support People with Autism. A Systematic Review of Recent Research and Critical Analysis from the Clinical Perspective. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (2024). 10.1007\/s40489-024-00434-5Published online 29 Feb 2024.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40489-024-00434-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elizabeth\u00a0A. Vandewater David\u00a0S. Bickham and June\u00a0H. Lee. 2007. Time well spent? Relating television use to children\u2019s free-time activities. Pediatrics 119 5 (2007) e1006\u2013e1015. 10.1542\/peds.2005-2981Classic time-displacement framework.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2981"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K. Wang L. Su Y. Zhu J. Zhai Z. Yang and J. Zhang. 2008. Reliability and validity of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) in Chinese children. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 22 4 (2008) 612\u2013621. 10.1016\/j.janxdis.2007.05.011Validation of Chinese SCARED.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2007.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ruo-Yan Wu Xin-Heng Li Yi-Chen Li Zhi-Hong Ren Bing-Xiang Yang Zhen-Tao Liu Bao-Liang Zhong and Chen-Ling Liu. 2025. The effect of social robot interventions on anxiety in children in clinical settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders 382 (2025). 10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706599.3719753"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3714303"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao Zhao and Rhonda McEwen. 2025. The robot that stayed: understanding how children and families engage with a retired social robot. Frontiers in Robotics and AI (2025). 10.3389\/frobt.2025.1628089","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2025.1628089"}],"event":{"name":"IDC '26: Proceedings of the 25th Interaction Design and Children Conference","location":"Brighton United Kingdom","acronym":"IDC '26","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 25th Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3773077.3806118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T10:25:58Z","timestamp":1781951158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3773077.3806118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3773077.3806118","10.1145\/3773077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3773077.3806118","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}