{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T15:04:02Z","timestamp":1767798242883,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 62472041, No. 62332016, No. 62225204, and No. 62102225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 62472041, No. 62332016, No. 62225204, and No. 62102225"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Sen. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication technology with high throughput and high reliability attracts much attention in both academic and industrial fields. This technology plays a pivotal role in next-generation communication networks, offering promising solutions for high-speed data transfer. Localization of mobile mmWave communication devices is essential in this context, as it can effectively guide mmWave beam steering, thereby eliminating the need for cumbersome beam alignment processes. However, existing approaches for commercial mmWave communication devices suffer channel state fluctuations and can only work on static devices. To provide accurate localization for mobile mmWave devices, we propose\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">MobiLoc<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a neural network-based approach to enhance localization accuracy in mobile scenarios. Our method leverages Channel Frequency Response (CFR) and the angular spectrum for assistance to determine the positions. We first analyze the feasibility of classifying sensing data into different qualities. Then we implement a neural network architecture specifically designed to identify the sensing data with high quality. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through comprehensive experiments conducted on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) mmWave communication devices. Results show that MobiLoc can increase the localization accuracy significantly and reduce the median angle estimation error of mobile devices to 1.33\u02c6 with only single items of CFR measurements.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3774882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T11:37:02Z","timestamp":1762861022000},"page":"1-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MobiLoc: Enhancing COTS mmWave Localization with Neural Network"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8117-4027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0576-7396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8106-9952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengjin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5040-2468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7199-5047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huadong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"[n. d.]. MikroTik. Retrieved from https:\/\/mikrotik.com\/products\/group\/60-ghz-products. Accessed 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom","author":"Abbas Moustafa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moustafa Abbas, Moustafa Elhamshary, Hamada Rizk, Marwan Torki, and Moustafa Youssef. 2019. WiDeep: WiFi-based accurate and robust indoor localization system using deep learning. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom. IEEE, 1\u201310."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","first-page":"266","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE 22nd International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","author":"AlHajri Mohamed I.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohamed I. AlHajri, Raed M. Shubair, and Marwa Chafii. 2021. Indoor localization under limited measurements: A cross-environment joint semi-supervised and transfer learning approach. In Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE 22nd International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC). IEEE, 266\u2013270."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","first-page":"091","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 11th International Conference on Information and Communication Systems (ICICS)","author":"AlHory Omar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Omar AlHory, Omran Shoushara, Husam Al Suri, Moath Al Shunnaq, and Fahed Awad. 2020. 5G mmWave indoor location identification using beamforming and RSSI. In Proceedings of the 2020 11th International Conference on Information and Communication Systems (ICICS). IEEE, 091\u2013095."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3386901.3389029"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SCC 2019; 12th International ITG Conference on Systems, Communications and Coding","author":"Arnold Maximilian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maximilian Arnold, Jakob Hoydis, and Stephan ten Brink. 2019. Novel massive MIMO channel sounding data applied to deep learning-based indoor positioning. In Proceedings of the SCC 2019; 12th International ITG Conference on Systems, Communications and Coding. VDE, 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3372224.3380894"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00338"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2018.8486232","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM 2018-IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","author":"Bielsa Guillermo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guillermo Bielsa, Joan Palacios, Adrian Loch, Daniel Steinmetzer, Paolo Casari, and Joerg Widmer. 2018. Indoor localization using commercial off-the-shelf 60 GHz access points. In Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM 2018-IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. IEEE, 2384\u20132392."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3498361.3538920"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","first-page":"4631","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ICC 2022-IEEE International Conference on Communications","author":"Chen Bing-Jia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bing-Jia Chen and Ronald Y. Chang. 2022. Few-shot transfer learning for device-free fingerprinting indoor localization. In Proceedings of the ICC 2022-IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 4631\u20134636."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2749516"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","article-title":"IEEE standard for information technology-telecommunications and information exchange between systems-local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications","author":"Committee IEEE Computer Society LAN\/MAN Standards","year":"2007","unstructured":"IEEE Computer Society LAN\/MAN Standards Committee et\u00a0al. 2007. IEEE standard for information technology-telecommunications and information exchange between systems-local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications. IEEE Std 802.11 (2007).","journal-title":"IEEE Std 802.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2019.2897155"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2992449"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM41043.2020.9155468"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00745"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2014.6847959"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUFN.2018.8436598","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN)","author":"Jang Jin-Woo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jin-Woo Jang and Song-Nam Hong. 2018. Indoor localization with WiFi fingerprinting using convolutional neural network. In Proceedings of the 2018 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN). IEEE, 753\u2013758."},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2021.3100493","article-title":"CLNet: Complex input lightweight neural network designed for massive MIMO CSI feedback","volume":"10","author":"Ji Sijie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sijie Ji and Mo Li. 2021. CLNet: Complex input lightweight neural network designed for massive MIMO CSI feedback. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 10, 10 (2021), 2318\u20132322.","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","author":"Jiang Chengkun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chengkun Jiang, Junchen Guo, Yuan He, Meng Jin, Shuai Li, and Yunhao Liu. 2020. mmVib: Micrometer-level vibration measurement with mmwave radar. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. 1\u201313."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rudolph E. Kalman. 1960. A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems. Journal of Basic Engineering 82 1 (1960) 35\u201345.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3662552"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","author":"Kanhere Ojas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ojas Kanhere, Shihao Ju, Yunchou Xing, and Theodore S. Rappaport. 2019. Map-assisted millimeter wave localization for accurate position location. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM). IEEE, 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2018.8647983"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2991129"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2785956.2787487"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","author":"Lacruz Jesus Omar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jesus Omar Lacruz, Dolores Garcia, Pablo Jim\u00e9nez Mateo, Joan Palacios, and Joerg Widmer. 2020. mm-FLEX: An open platform for millimeter-wave mobile full-bandwidth experimentation. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services. 1\u201313."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3614095"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3488281"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","first-page":"1302","article-title":"MEC-assisted panoramic VR video streaming over millimeter wave mobile networks","volume":"21","author":"Liu Yanwei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yanwei Liu, Jinxia Liu, Antonios Argyriou, and Song Ci. 2018. MEC-assisted panoramic VR video streaming over millimeter wave mobile networks. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 21, 5 (2018), 1302\u20131316.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3098822.3098847"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)","author":"Maletic Nebojsa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nebojsa Maletic, Vladica Sark, Marcus Ehrig, Jes\u00fas Guti\u00e9rrez, and Eckhard Grass. 2019. Experimental evaluation of round-trip ToF-based localization in the 60 GHz band. In Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN). IEEE, 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19143127"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 13th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON)","author":"Olivier Alain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alain Olivier, Guillermo Bielsa, Irene Tejado, Michele Zorzi, Joerg Widmer, and Paolo Casari. 2016. Lightweight indoor localization for 60-GHz millimeter wave systems. In Proceedings of the 2016 13th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON). IEEE, 1\u20139."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","author":"Pajovic Milutin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Milutin Pajovic, Pu Wang, Toshiaki Koike-Akino, Haijian Sun, and Philip V. Orlik. 2019. Fingerprinting-based indoor localization with commercial mmWave WiFi-part I: RSS and beam indices. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM). IEEE, 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2018.8485819"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2899313"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2019.8737434"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM 2017-IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","author":"Palacios Joan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Joan Palacios, Paolo Casari, and Joerg Widmer. 2017. JADE: Zero-knowledge device localization and environment mapping for millimeter wave systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM 2017-IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. IEEE, 1\u20139."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274783.3274852"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/345910.345917"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3066507"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1986.1143830"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.23919\/APMC.2018.8617303","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC)","author":"Shimizu Takayuki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Takayuki Shimizu, Vutha Va, Gaurav Bansal, and Robert W. Heath. 2018. Millimeter wave V2X communications: Use cases and design considerations of beam management. In Proceedings of the 2018 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC). IEEE, 183\u2013185."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3333009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1145\/3210240.3210347","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","author":"Soltanaghaei Elahe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elahe Soltanaghaei, Avinash Kalyanaraman, and Kamin Whitehouse. 2018. Multipath triangulation: Decimeter-level wifi localization and orientation with a single unaided receiver. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services. 376\u2013388."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2933921"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 92nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Fall)","author":"Tsai Tsung-Ting","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tsung-Ting Tsai, Li-Hsiang Shen, Chun-Jie Chiu, and Kai-Ten Feng. 2020. Beam AoD-based indoor positioning for 60 GHz MmWave system. In Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 92nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Fall). IEEE, 1\u20135."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC)","author":"Vari Marco","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marco Vari and Dajana Cassioli. 2014. mmWaves RSSI indoor network localization. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC). IEEE, 127\u2013132."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 16)","author":"Vasisht Deepak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deepak Vasisht, Swarun Kumar, and Dina Katabi. 2016. \\(\\lbrace\\) Decimeter-level \\(\\rbrace\\) localization with a single \\(\\lbrace\\) WiFi \\(\\rbrace\\) access point. In Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 16). 165\u2013178."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1145\/2486001.2486029","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 Conference on SIGCOMM","author":"Wang Jue","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jue Wang and Dina Katabi. 2013. Dude, where\u2019s my card? RFID positioning that works with multipath and non-line of sight. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 Conference on SIGCOMM. 51\u201362."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the GLOBECOM 2020-2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference","author":"Wang Pu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pu Wang, Toshiaki Koike-Akino, and Philip V Orlik. 2020. Fingerprinting-based indoor localization with commercial mmwave WiFi: NLOS propagation. In Proceedings of the GLOBECOM 2020-2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","author":"Wang Pu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pu Wang, Milutin Pajovic, Toshiaki Koike-Akino, Haijian Sun, and Philip V. Orlik. 2019. Fingerprinting-based indoor localization with commercial mmWave WiFi-part II: Spatial beam SNRs. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM). IEEE, 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2688362"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3181674"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2879436"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1109\/ICT.2018.8464834","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 25th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)","author":"Yassin Ali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ali Yassin, Youssef Nasser, and Mariette Awad. 2018. Geometric approach in simultaneous context inference, localization and mapping using mm-Wave. In Proceedings of the 2018 25th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT). IEEE, 159\u2013164."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","author":"Yassin Ali","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ali Yassin, Youssef Nasser, Mariette Awad, and Ahmed Al-Dubai. 2017. Simultaneous context inference and mapping using mm-Wave for indoor scenarios. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC). IEEE, 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2911558"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3235449"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3643832.3661869"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3774882","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T12:16:42Z","timestamp":1767788202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3774882"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3774882"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3774882","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-4859","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-4867","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}