{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T18:03:34Z","timestamp":1779991414651,"version":"3.53.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":15,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3774905.3795840","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T17:14:56Z","timestamp":1779988496000},"page":"1181-1189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Struggling at the Start: Structural Causes of Decoding Difficulty in Code Generation"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2903-7138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuqi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9411-971X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8304-3692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2160-8675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengze","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3041-7420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jieyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0810-3467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Program Synthesis with Large Language Models. CoRR abs\/2108.07732","author":"Austin Jacob","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jacob Austin, Augustus Odena, Maxwell I. Nye, Maarten Bosma, Henryk Michalewski, David Dohan, Ellen Jiang, Carrie J. Cai, Michael Terry, Quoc V. Le, and Charles Sutton. 2021. Program Synthesis with Large Language Models. CoRR abs\/2108.07732 (2021). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2108.07732 arXiv: 2108.07732."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Mark Chen Jerry Tworek Heewoo Jun Qiming Yuan Henrique Pond\u00e9 de Oliveira Pinto Jared Kaplan Harri Edwards Yuri Burda Nicholas Joseph Greg Brockman Alex Ray Raul Puri Gretchen Krueger Michael Petrov Heidy Khlaaf Girish Sastry Pamela Mishkin Brooke Chan Scott Gray Nick Ryder Mikhail Pavlov Alethea Power Lukasz Kaiser Mohammad Bavarian Clemens Winter Philippe Tillet Felipe Petroski Such Dave Cummings Matthias Plappert Fotios Chantzis Elizabeth Barnes Ariel Herbert-Voss William Hebgen Guss Alex Nichol Alex Paino Nikolas Tezak Jie Tang Igor Babuschkin Suchir Balaji Shantanu Jain William Saunders Christopher Hesse Andrew N. Carr Jan Leike Joshua Achiam Vedant Misra Evan Morikawa Alec Radford Matthew Knight Miles Brundage Mira Murati Katie Mayer Peter Welinder Bob McGrew Dario Amodei Sam McCandlish Ilya Sutskever and Wojciech Zaremba. 2021. Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code. CoRR abs\/2107.03374 (2021). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2107.03374 arXiv: 2107.03374."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2401.14196"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Neural Information Processing Systems Track on Datasets and Benchmarks 1, NeurIPS Datasets and Benchmarks 2021","author":"Hendrycks Dan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dan Hendrycks, Steven Basart, Saurav Kadavath, Mantas Mazeika, Akul Arora, Ethan Guo, Collin Burns, Samir Puranik, Horace He, Dawn Song, and Jacob Steinhardt. 2021. Measuring Coding Challenge Competence With APPS. In Proceedings of the Neural Information Processing Systems Track on Datasets and Benchmarks 1, NeurIPS Datasets and Benchmarks 2021, December 2021, virtual, Joaquin Vanschoren and Sai-Kit Yeung (Eds.). https:\/\/datasets-benchmarks-proceedings.neurips.cc\/paper\/2021\/hash\/ c24cd76e1ce41366a4bbe8a49b02a028-Abstract-round2.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2409.12186"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Codesearchnet challenge: Evaluating the state of semantic code search. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.09436","author":"Husain Hamel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hamel Husain, Ho-Hsiang Wu, Tiferet Gazit, Miltiadis Allamanis, and Marc Brockschmidt. 2019. Codesearchnet challenge: Evaluating the state of semantic code search. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.09436 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Asurvey on large language models for code generation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.00515","author":"Jiang Juyong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Juyong Jiang, FanWang, Jiasi Shen, Sungju Kim, and Sunghun Kim. 2024. Asurvey on large language models for code generation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.00515 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-024-10888-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR","author":"Leviathan Yaniv","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yaniv Leviathan, Matan Kalman, and Yossi Matias. 2023. Fast inference from transformers via speculative decoding. In International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 19274--19286."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE48619.2023.00179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Comparing Human and LLM Generated Code: The Jury is Still Out! arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.16857","author":"Licorish Sherlock A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sherlock A Licorish, Ansh Bajpai, Chetan Arora, Fanyu Wang, and Kla Tantithamthavorn. 2025. Comparing Human and LLM Generated Code: The Jury is Still Out! arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.16857 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baptiste Rozi\u00e8re Jonas Gehring Fabian Gloeckle Sten Sootla Itai Gat Xiaoqing Ellen Tan Yossi Adi Jingyu Liu Tal Remez J\u00e9r\u00e9my Rapin Artyom Kozhevnikov Ivan Evtimov Joanna Bitton Manish Bhatt Cristian Canton- Ferrer Aaron Grattafiori Wenhan Xiong Alexandre D\u00e9fossez Jade Copet Faisal Azhar Hugo Touvron Louis Martin Nicolas Usunier Thomas Scialom and Gabriel Synnaeve. 2023. Code Llama: Open Foundation Models for Code. CoRR abs\/2308.12950 (2023). doi:10.48550\/ARXIV.2308.12950 arXiv: 2308.12950.","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2308.12950"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"A mathematical theory of communication. The Bell system technical journal 27, 3","author":"Shannon Claude E","year":"1948","unstructured":"Claude E Shannon. 1948. A mathematical theory of communication. The Bell system technical journal 27, 3 (1948), 379--423."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-025-10614-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"The fundamental nature of the log loss function. Fields of logic and computation II: Essays dedicated To Yuri Gurevich on the Occasion of His 75th Birthday","author":"Vovk Vladimir","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vladimir Vovk. 2015. The fundamental nature of the log loss function. Fields of logic and computation II: Essays dedicated To Yuri Gurevich on the Occasion of His 75th Birthday (2015), 307--318."}],"event":{"name":"WWW '26: The ACM Web Conference 2026","location":"Dubai United Arab Emirates","sponsor":["SIGWEB ACM Special Interest Group on Hypertext, Hypermedia, and Web"]},"container-title":["Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2026"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3774905.3795840","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T17:16:45Z","timestamp":1779988605000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3774905.3795840"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3774905.3795840","10.1145\/3774905"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3774905.3795840","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}