{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T05:04:54Z","timestamp":1782450294600,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"National Social Science Foundation of China Art Project","award":["23EH232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23EH232"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province in 2023","award":["No. 2023-YBGY-404, No. 2023-ZDLGY-48, No. 2024GX-YBXM-562"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2023-YBGY-404, No. 2023-ZDLGY-48, No. 2024GX-YBXM-562"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi","award":["No. 2024JC-YBMS-531"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2024JC-YBMS-531"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Comput. Cult. Herit."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Traditional Chinese patterns, as one of the core cultural heritage carriers, face inheritance challenges due to traditional design\u2019s heavy reliance on professional expertise and lengthy cycles. The rise of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) has introduced a human-intelligence collaborative paradigm to address these issues\u2014this article focuses on leveraging AIGC for intelligent design of traditional Chinese patterns. Specifically, a dataset of traditional Chinese patterns was first constructed, featuring 30,000 images represented by Tuanke patterns. Subsequently, ChiPa, an intelligent design method tailored to traditional Chinese patterns, was proposed. This method enables simultaneous control over both the content and color. ChiPa\u2019s core is a novel Structure Projector (Feature Map Mixture + Latent Space Mapper with MCConv), which maps sketches to StyleGAN\u2019s latent space to generate structurally accurate grayscale Tuanke patterns. For color customization, ChiPa employs an arbitrary style transfer module to render grayscale patterns via user-specified references. Extensive experiments validate ChiPa\u2019s superiority: it outperforms SOTA methods in all metrics; 3 domain experts and 30 volunteers rated it highest in structural standardization, stylistic consistency, and symbolic accuracy. Case studies demonstrate applications in cultural (e.g., packaging) and commercial (e.g., sofa upholstery) products. ChiPa lowers public participation barriers, expands Tuanke patterns\u2019 carriers, and promotes living conservation and dissemination of Chinese traditional cultural heritage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3774910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:56:11Z","timestamp":1762523771000},"page":"1-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Structure\u2013Color Coordinated Generation for Tang Dynasty Tuanke Patterns: Facilitating Living Conservation and Dissemination via Accessible Intelligent Design"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7699-9514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cybersecurity, Xi\u2019an Polytechnic University, Xi\u2019an, China and School of Information and Communication Engineering, Communication University of China, Beijing, China and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Clothing Intelligence, Xi\u2019an Polytechnic University, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2237-0446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingjie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Art and Design, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an, China and Faculty of Design, Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2607-7526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunan","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Xi\u2019an Polytechnic University, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3515-6008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cybersecurity, Xi\u2019an Polytechnic University, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8054-6993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenhui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Communication University of\u00a0China, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01796"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jie An Siyu Huang Yibing Song Dejing Dou Wei Liu and Jiebo Luo. 2021. ArtFlow: Unbiased image style transfer via reversible neural flows. arXiv:2103.16877. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2103.16877","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00092"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.296"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","first-page":"26561","article-title":"Artistic style transfer with internal-external learning and contrastive learning","volume":"34","author":"Chen Haibo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haibo Chen, Zhizhong Wang, Huiming Zhang, Zhiwen Zuo, Ailin Li, Wei Xing, and Dongming Lu. 2021. Artistic style transfer with internal-external learning and contrastive learning. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 34 (2021), 26561\u201326573.","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3581783.3611819"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01104"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","first-page":"19822","article-title":"Cogview: Mastering text-to-image generation via transformers","volume":"34","author":"Ding Ming","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ming Ding, Zhuoyi Yang, Wenyi Hong, Wendi Zheng, Chang Zhou, Da Yin, Junyang Lin, Xu Zou, Zhou Shao, Hongxia Yang, et al. 2021. Cogview: Mastering text-to-image generation via transformers. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 34 (2021), 19822\u201319835.","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVIDL62147.2024.10604182"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","first-page":"2242","article-title":"Unpaired image-to-image translation using cycle generative adversarial networks","author":"Dwarkani Abhinav","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abhinav Dwarkani, Maitri Jain, Jash Thakkar, and Kottilingam Kottursamy. 2017. Unpaired image-to-image translation using cycle generative adversarial networks. In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2242\u20132251.","journal-title":"In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ariel Elnekave and Yair Weiss. 2022. Generating natural images with direct patch distributions matching. arXiv:2203.11862. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2203.11862","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19790-1_33"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","unstructured":"Zhao Feng. 2018. Ornamental patterns from ancient Chinese textiles. Han to Tang dynasties. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.press.zju.edu.cn\/intl\/2023\/0117\/c74310a2711088\/page.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/jdsaa.2023.169144.1231"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","article-title":"Applied research on innovation and development of blue calico of Chinese intangible cultural heritage based on artificial intelligence","volume":"15","author":"He Jialiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jialiang He and Hong Tao. 2025. Applied research on innovation and development of blue calico of Chinese intangible cultural heritage based on artificial intelligence. Scientific Reports 15, 1 (2025), 15829.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","first-page":"58","article-title":"Research on the design method of traditional decorative patterns of ethnic minorities under the trend of AIGC","volume":"8","author":"Hu Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang Hu. 2023. Research on the design method of traditional decorative patterns of ethnic minorities under the trend of AIGC. Journal of Electronics and Information Science 8, 5 (2023), 58\u201362.","journal-title":"Journal of Electronics and Information Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394171.3413853"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.167"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.632"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2019.2921336"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Justin Johnson Alexandre Alahi and Li Fei-Fei. 2016. Perceptual losses for real-time style transfer and super-resolution. arXiv:1603.08155. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1603.08155","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46475-6_43"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","first-page":"12104","article-title":"Training generative adversarial networks with limited data","volume":"33","author":"Karras Tero","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tero Karras, Miika Aittala, Janne Hellsten, Samuli Laine, Jaakko Lehtinen, and Timo Aila. 2020. Training generative adversarial networks with limited data. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 33 (2020), 12104\u201312114.","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","first-page":"852","article-title":"Alias-free generative adversarial networks","volume":"34","author":"Karras Tero","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tero Karras, Miika Aittala, Samuli Laine, Erik H\u00e4rk\u00f6nen, Janne Hellsten, Jaakko Lehtinen, and Timo Aila. 2021. Alias-free generative adversarial networks. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 34 (2021), 852\u2013863.","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00453"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00510"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","unstructured":"Junho Kim Minjae Kim Hyeonwoo Kang and Kwanghee Lee. 2020. U-GAT-IT: Unsupervised generative attentional networks with adaptive layer-instance normalization for image-to-image translation. arXiv:1907.10830. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1907.10830"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00662"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00596"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3450525"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.106"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3700882"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10602-1_48"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3639932"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2016.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2012.2227726"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00603"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2308\/iace-50038"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","unstructured":"Dustin Podell Zion English Kyle Lacey Andreas Blattmann Tim Dockhorn Jonas M\u00fcller Joe Penna and Robin Rombach. 2023. SDXL: Improving latent diffusion models for high-resolution image synthesis. arXiv:2307.01952. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2307.01952"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00232"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00405175241268771"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","first-page":"1364","volume-title":"2023 IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) Workshops","author":"Poma Xavier Soria","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xavier Soria Poma, Yachuan Li, Mohammad Rouhani, and Angel Sappa. 2023. Tiny and efficient model for the edge detection generalization. In 2023 IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) Workshops, 1364\u20131373."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2831899"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40494-024-01327-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3450626.3459838"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Tuanke patterns in dunhuang silk","volume":"01","author":"Wang Le","year":"2009","unstructured":"Le Wang and Feng Zhao. 2009. Tuanke patterns in dunhuang silk. Silk 01 (2009), 45\u201347\u2009+\u200955.","journal-title":"Silk"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2021.3064268"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","first-page":"6323811","article-title":"The digitisation of intangible cultural heritage oriented to inheritance and dissemination under the threshold of neural network vision","volume":"2022","author":"Wang Qin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qin Wang. 2022. The digitisation of intangible cultural heritage oriented to inheritance and dissemination under the threshold of neural network vision. Mobile Information Systems 2022, 1 (2022), 6323811.","journal-title":"Mobile Information Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/FAIA231500"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su16125173"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2022.3181070"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35530\/IT.076.03.2024126"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang Xu Lu Lu and Minglu Liu. 2023. Construction and application of a knowledge graph-based question answering system for Nanjing Yunjin digital resources. Heritage Science 11 1 (2023) 222.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40494-023-01068-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2024.3359038"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3674984"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.135338"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3532868"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00355"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2015.2426416"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00068"},{"issue":"09","key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","first-page":"126","article-title":"Analysis and innovative design of brocade tuanke patterns in the tang dynasty","volume":"58","author":"Zhang Wanyu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wanyu Zhang, Yu Chen, and Chunyan Zhou. 2021. Analysis and innovative design of brocade tuanke patterns in the tang dynasty. Silk 58, 09 (2021), 126\u2013132.","journal-title":"Silk"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3528233.3530736"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","first-page":"95","article-title":"The mapping relationship between animal themes in tang dynasty tuanke silk patterns and tang culture","volume":"57","author":"Zhao Gang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gang Zhao, Chunxiao Liu, and Yi Zhang. 2020. The mapping relationship between animal themes in tang dynasty tuanke silk patterns and tang culture. Silk 57, 12 (2020), 95\u2013104.","journal-title":"Silk"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/col.22745"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3503161.3547899"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.244"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3294771.3294816"}],"container-title":["Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3774910","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T17:00:14Z","timestamp":1766077214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3774910"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3774910"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3774910","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-4673","1556-4711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-4673","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}