{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T14:14:24Z","timestamp":1784211264225,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"POPL","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"EPSRC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP\/X037029\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/X037029\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UKRI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MR\/V024299\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/V024299\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"EPSRC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP\/Y036425\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/Y036425\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"EPSRC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP\/X037142\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/X037142\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"EPSRC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP\/X015149\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/X015149\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IES\\R1\\221226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IES\\R1\\221226"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"EPSRC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP\/V038915\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/V038915\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"ERC Consolidator Grant","award":["101003349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101003349"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Program. Lang."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) is a memory technology that allows remote devices to directly write to and read from each other\u2019s memory, bypassing components such as the CPU and operating system. This enables low-latency high-throughput networking, as required for many modern data centres, HPC applications and AI\/ML workloads. However, baseline RDMA comprises a highly permissive weak memory model that is difficult to use in practice and has only recently been formalised.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this paper, we introduce the Library of Composable Objects (LOCO), a formally verified library for building multi-node objects on RDMA, filling the gap between shared memory and distributed system programming. LOCO objects are well-encapsulated and take advantage of the strong locality and the weak consistency characteristics of RDMA. They have performance comparable to custom RDMA systems (e.g. distributed maps), but with a far simpler programming model amenable to formal proofs of correctness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    To support verification, we develop a novel modular declarative verification framework, called\n                    <jats:sc>Mowgli<\/jats:sc>\n                    , that is flexible enough to model multinode objects and is independent of a memory consistency model. We instantiate\n                    <jats:sc>Mowgli<\/jats:sc>\n                    with the RDMA memory model, and use it to verify correctness of LOCO libraries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3776713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T18:59:43Z","timestamp":1767898783000},"page":"2051-2082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Verified High-Performance Composable Object Library for Remote Direct Memory Access"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4667-7266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Ambal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7327-9561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Hodgkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado, Boulder, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3433-7338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Madler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado, Boulder, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6700-9235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory","family":"Chockler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0446-3507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brijesh","family":"Dongol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1267-5024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Izraelevitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado, Boulder, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2319-3242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azalea","family":"Raad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8436-0334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktor","family":"Vafeiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MPI-SWS, Kaiserslautern, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","unstructured":"[n. d.]. The CloudLab Manual: Hardware. ([n. d.]). http:\/\/docs.cloudlab.us\/hardware.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","unstructured":"[n. d.]. Scythe. ([n. d.]). https:\/\/github.com\/PDS-Lab\/Scythe."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","unstructured":"[n. d.]. Sherman: A Write-Optimized Distributed B+Tree Index on Disaggregated Memory. ([n. d.]). https:\/\/github.com\/thustorage\/Sherman."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","unstructured":"[n. d.]. Yahoo! Cloud Serving Benchmark in C++. ([n. d.]). https:\/\/github.com\/basicthinker\/YCSB-C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3975(91)90224-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-30823-9_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3293611.3331601"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","first-page":"599","volume-title":"14th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 20)","author":"Aguilera Marcos K.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marcos K. Aguilera, Naama Ben-David, Rachid Guerraoui, Virendra J. Marathe, Athanasios Xygkis, and Igor Zablotchi. 2020. Microsecond Consensus for Microsecond Applications. In 14th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 20). USENIX Association, 599\u2013616. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/osdi20\/presentation\/aguilera"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2627752"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI\u201924)","author":"Alquraan Ahmed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmed Alquraan, Sreeharsha Udayashankar, Virendra Marathe, Bernardo Wong, and Samer Al-Kiswany. 2024. LoLKV: the logless, line the logless, linearizable, RDMA-based key-value storage system arizable, RDMA-based key-value storage system. In Proceedings of the 21st USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI\u201924). USENIX Association, USA, Article 3, 14 pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3689781"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","unstructured":"Guillaume Ambal George Hodgkins Mark Madler Gregory Chockler Brijesh Dongol Joseph Izraelevitz Azalea Raad and Viktor Vafeiadis. 2025. A Verified High-Performance Composable Object Library for Remote Direct Memory Access (Extended Version). (2025). arXiv:cs.PL\/2510.10531 https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2510.10531"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74591-4_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2723372.2750547"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1926385.1926394"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-99336-8_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3337821.3337912"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3236187.3236209"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3445814.3446713"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3563352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3022671.2984033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hariharan Devarajan Anthony Kougkas Keith Bateman and Xian-He Sun. 2020. HCL: Distributing Parallel Data Structures in Extreme Scales. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER). 248\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CLUSTER49012.2020.00035 10.1109\/CLUSTER49012.2020.00035","DOI":"10.1109\/CLUSTER49012.2020.00035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-73721-8_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","first-page":"401","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI\u201914)","author":"Dragojevi\u0107 Aleksandar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aleksandar Dragojevi\u0107, Dushyanth Narayanan, Orion Hodson, and Miguel Castro. 2014. FaRM: Fast Remote Memory. In Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI\u201914). USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, USA, 401\u2013414. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=2616448.2616486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2815400.2815425"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2837614.2837615"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30218-6_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adithya Gangidi Rui Miao Shengbao Zheng Sai Jayesh Bondu Guilherme Goes Hany Morsy Rohit Puri Mohammad Riftadi Ashmitha Jeevaraj Shetty Jingyi Yang et al. 2024. Rdma over ethernet for distributed training at meta scale. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2024 Conference. 57\u201370.","DOI":"10.1145\/3651890.3672233"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3332466.3374516"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3704906"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","first-page":"287","volume-title":"2022 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 22)","author":"Gouk Donghyun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Donghyun Gouk, Sangwon Lee, Miryeong Kwon, and Myoungsoo Jung. 2022. Direct Access, High-Performance Memory Disaggregation with DirectCXL. In 2022 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 22). USENIX Association, Carlsbad, CA, 287\u2013294. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/atc22\/presentation\/gouk"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11752578_29"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"R. Gupta V. Tipparaju J. Nieplocha and D. Panda. 2002. Efficient barrier using remote memory operations on VIA-based clusters. In Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing. 83\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CLUSTR.2002.1137732 10.1109\/CLUSTR.2002.1137732","DOI":"10.1109\/CLUSTR.2002.1137732"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","first-page":"355","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures (SPAA \u201910)","author":"Hendler Danny","year":"2010","unstructured":"Danny Hendler, Itai Incze, Nir Shavit, and Moran Tzafrir. 2010. Flat Combining and the Synchronization-Parallelism Tradeoff. In Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures (SPAA \u201910). Santorini, Greece, 355\u2013364."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/78969.78972"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","unstructured":"George Hodgkins Mark Madler and Joseph Izraelevitz. 2025. LOCO: Rethinking Objects for Network Memory. (2025). arXiv:cs.DC\/2503.19270 https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2503.19270"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3545008.3545041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3302258"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3302258"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3127479.3134597"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0956796818000151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2619239.2626299"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2749246.2749250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Winter 1994 Technical Conference on USENIX Winter 1994 Technical Conference (WTEC\u201994)","author":"Keleher Pete","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pete Keleher, Alan L. Cox, Sandhya Dwarkadas, and Willy Zwaenepoel. 1994. TreadMarks: distributed shared memory on standard workstations and operating systems. In Proceedings of the USENIX Winter 1994 Technical Conference on USENIX Winter 1994 Technical Conference (WTEC\u201994). USENIX Association, USA, 10."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-81685-8_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-37706-8_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3062341.3062352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","first-page":"99","volume-title":"21st USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST 23)","author":"Li Pengfei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pengfei Li, Yu Hua, Pengfei Zuo, Zhangyu Chen, and Jiajie Sheng. 2023. ROLEX: A Scalable RDMA-oriented Learned Key-Value Store for Disaggregated Memory Systems. In 21st USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST 23). USENIX Association, Santa Clara, CA, 99\u2013114. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/fast23\/presentation\/li-pengfei"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","unstructured":"linux-rdma. 2018. RDMA core. (2018). https:\/\/github.com\/linux-rdma\/rdma-core\/ (Accessed: Jul. 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3456859.3456862"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2555243.2555271"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","unstructured":"Redis Ltd. 2021. Redis v6.0.16. (2021). https:\/\/github.com\/redis\/redis\/releases\/tag\/6.0.16."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","unstructured":"Redis Ltd. 2024. Memtier v2.1.2. (2024). https:\/\/github.com\/RedisLabs\/memtier_benchmark\/releases\/tag\/2.1.2."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3666004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","unstructured":"Yuanwei Lu Guo Chen Bojie Li Kun Tan Yongqiang Xiong Peng Cheng Jiansong Zhang Enhong Chen and Thomas Moscibroda. 2018. {Multi-Path} transport for {RDMA} in datacenters. In 15th USENIX symposium on networked systems design and implementation (NSDI 18). 357\u2013371."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3040222"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","unstructured":"Message Passing Interface Forum. 2023. MPI: A Message-Passing Interface Standard Version 4.1. https:\/\/www.mpi-forum.org\/docs\/mpi-4.1\/mpi41-report.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2442516.2442527"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-60698-4_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. Nieplocha R.J. Harrison and R.J. Littlefield. 1994. Global Arrays: a portable \"shared-memory\" programming model for distributed memory computers. In Supercomputing \u201994:Proceedings of the 1994 ACM\/IEEE Conference on Supercomputing. 340\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SUPERC.1994.344297 10.1109\/SUPERC.1994.344297","DOI":"10.1109\/SUPERC.1994.344297"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","unstructured":"NVIDIA Corporation. 2020. NVIDIA Collective Communication Library (NCCL) Documentation. (2020). https:\/\/docs.nvidia.com\/deeplearning\/nccl\/user-guide\/docs\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03359-9_27"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","unstructured":"Geoff Pike and Jyrki Alakuijala. [n. d.]. Introducing CityHash. ([n. d.]). https:\/\/opensource.googleblog.com\/2011\/04\/introducing-cityhash.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2749246.2749267"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290381"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-57267-8_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yufei Ren Xingbo Wu Li Zhang Yandong Wang Wei Zhang Zijun Wang Michel Hack and Song Jiang. 2017. iRDMA: Efficient Use of RDMA in Distributed Deep Learning Systems. In 2017 IEEE 19th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications; IEEE 15th International Conference on Smart City; IEEE 3rd International Conference on Data Science and Systems (HPCC\/SmartCity\/DSS). 231\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/HPCC-SmartCity-DSS.2017.30 10.1109\/HPCC-SmartCity-DSS.2017.30","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCC-SmartCity-DSS.2017.30"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3593856.3595893"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_1","first-page":"1409","volume-title":"20th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 23)","author":"Ruan Zhenyuan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhenyuan Ruan, Seo Jin Park, Marcos K. Aguilera, Adam Belay, and Malte Schwarzkopf. 2023b. Nu: Achieving Microsecond-Scale Resource Fungibility with Logical Processes. In 20th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 23). USENIX Association, Boston, MA, 1409\u20131427. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/nsdi23\/presentation\/ruan"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_1","first-page":"315","volume-title":"14th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 20)","author":"Ruan Zhenyuan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhenyuan Ruan, Malte Schwarzkopf, Marcos K. Aguilera, and Adam Belay. 2020. AIFM: High-Performance, Application-Integrated Far Memory. In 14th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 20). USENIX Association, 315\u2013332. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/osdi20\/presentation\/ruan"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-57267-8_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lingjia Tang Jason Mars Xiao Zhang Robert Hagmann Robert Hundt and Eric Tune. 2013. Optimizing Google\u2019s warehouse scale computers: The NUMA experience. In 2013 IEEE 19th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA). 188\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/HPCA.2013.6522318 10.1109\/HPCA.2013.6522318","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA.2013.6522318"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_1","first-page":"261","volume-title":"14th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 20)","author":"Wang Chenxi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chenxi Wang, Haoran Ma, Shi Liu, Yuanqi Li, Zhenyuan Ruan, Khanh Nguyen, Michael D. Bond, Ravi Netravali, Miryung Kim, and Guoqing Harry Xua. 2020. Semeru: A Memory-Disaggregated Managed Runtime. In 14th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 20). USENIX Association, 261\u2013280. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/osdi20\/presentation\/wang"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2023.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3514221.3517824"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_1","unstructured":"Zilong Wang Layong Luo Qingsong Ning Chaoliang Zeng Wenxue Li Xinchen Wan Peng Xie Tao Feng Ke Cheng Xiongfei Geng et al. 2023b. {SRNIC}: A scalable architecture for {RDMA} {NICs}. In 20th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 23). 1\u201314."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3302424.3303975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_1","volume-title":"17th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST \u201919)","author":"Yang Jian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jian Yang, Joseph Izraelevitz, and Steven Swanson. 2019. Orion: A Distributed File System for Non-Volatile Main Memories and RDMA-Capable Networks. In 17th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST \u201919). USENIX Association."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI\u201920)","author":"Yang Jian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jian Yang, Joseph Izraelevitz, and Steven Swanson. 2020. FileMR: Rethinking RDMA Networking for Scalable Persistent Memory. In Proceedings of the 17th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI\u201920). USENIX Association."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3514221.3517856"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yili Zheng Amir Kamil Michael B. Driscoll Hongzhang Shan and Katherine Yelick. 2014. UPC++: A PGAS Extension for C++. In 2014 IEEE 28th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium. 1105\u20131114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IPDPS.2014.115 10.1109\/IPDPS.2014.115","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPS.2014.115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2829988.2787484"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3776713","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T13:43:47Z","timestamp":1784209427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3776713"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"POPL","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3776713"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3776713","relation":{},"ISSN":["2475-1421"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2475-1421","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}