{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T04:33:08Z","timestamp":1773376388202,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":55,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3776734.3794360","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T20:05:48Z","timestamp":1773345948000},"page":"90-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Towards the Development of a Robot for Well-Being: Applying the Motivation, Engagement, and Thriving in User Experience (METUX) Model"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4170-0811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Obata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Woven by Toyota, Tokyo, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6418-2298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuka","family":"Iwanaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1817-1329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Tsuchinaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4810-8051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akitoshi","family":"Mizutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woven by Toyota, Tokyo, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9924-4506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel R. J.","family":"Downes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woven by Toyota, Tokyo, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3639-321X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woven by Toyota, Tokyo, Japan"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1299\/jsmemag.123.1219_22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/75658"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"The translation of measurement instruments for cross-cultural surveys. The SAGE handbook of survey methodology 55","author":"Behr Doroth\u00e9e","year":"2016","unstructured":"Doroth\u00e9e Behr and Kuniaki Shishido. 2016. The translation of measurement instruments for cross-cultural surveys. The SAGE handbook of survey methodology 55 (2016), 269\u201387."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","first-page":"748314740","volume-title":"Measures of well-being There is more to it than GDP. Deutche Bank Research","author":"Bergheim Stefan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stefan Bergheim. 2006. Measures of well-being There is more to it than GDP. Deutche Bank Research (2006). https:\/\/zgf-fortschritt.de\/media\/pages\/dokumente\/748314740-1660709574\/Bergheim_2006-Measures_of_well-being.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Hugo R Melgar-Qui nonez, and Sera L Young","author":"Boateng Godfred O","year":"2018","unstructured":"Godfred O Boateng, Torsten B Neilands, Edward A Frongillo, Hugo R Melgar-Qui nonez, and Sera L Young. 2018. Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: a primer. Frontiers in public health 6 (2018), 149."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research","author":"Brown Timothy A","unstructured":"Timothy A Brown. 2015. Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford publications, 72 Spring Street, New York, NY 10012. isbn:978-1-4625-1536-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1092288"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Government of Japan Cabinet Office. 2023. Moonshot Goals. https:\/\/www8.cao.go.jp\/cstp\/english\/moonshot\/target_en.html Accessed: 2025-11-09."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Bart Duriez, Willy Lens, Lennia Matos, Athanasios Mouratidis, et al.","author":"Chen Beiwen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beiwen Chen, Maarten Vansteenkiste, Wim Beyers, Liesbet Boone, Edward L Deci, Jolene Van der Kaap-Deeder, Bart Duriez, Willy Lens, Lennia Matos, Athanasios Mouratidis, et al. 2015. Basic psychological need satisfaction, need frustration, and need strength across four cultures. Motivation and emotion 39, 2 (2015), 216\u2013236."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-99605-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2005.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for Technology-Based Assessment","author":"International Test Commission and the Association of Test Publishers. 2025.","year":"2025","unstructured":"International Test Commission and the Association of Test Publishers. 2025. Guidelines for Technology-Based Assessment. Association of Test Publishers. isbn:979-8-88862-517-0 https:\/\/www.intestcom.org\/upload\/media-library\/tba-guidelines-ver-11-july-2025-1754044782Z3vV9.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RO-MAN53752.2022.9900744"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7210\/jrsj.38.692"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"International journal of internet science 11, 1","author":"Diedenhofen Birk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Birk Diedenhofen and Jochen Musch. 2016. cocron: A Web Interface and R Package for the Statistical Comparison of Cronbach\u2019s Alpha Coefficients. International journal of internet science 11, 1 (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"The Center for Self-Determination Theory (CSDT). 2018. METUX Scales \u2013 Motivation Engagement and Thriving in User Experience. https:\/\/selfdeterminationtheory.org\/metux-scales\/ Accessed: 2025-11-09."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Anthony Francis Claudia P\u00e9rez-D\u2019Arpino Chengshu Li Fei Xia Alexandre Alahi Rachid Alami Aniket Bera Abhijat Biswas Joydeep Biswas Rohan Chandra Hao-Tien Lewis Chiang Michael Everett Sehoon Ha Justin W. Hart Jonathan P. How Haresh Karnan Tsang-Wei Edward Lee Luis J. Manso Reuth Mirksy Soeren Pirk Phani Teja Singamaneni Peter Stone Ada V Taylor Pete Trautman Nathan Tsoi Marynel V\u00e1zquez Xuesu Xiao Peng Xu Naoki Yokoyama Alexander Toshev and Roberto Martin-Martin. 2023. Principles and Guidelines for Evaluating Social Robot Navigation Algorithms. ArXiv abs\/2306.16740 (2023). https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:259287246"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561-024-00362-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-024-12570-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Human Autonomy and Sense of Agency in Human-Robot Interaction: A Systematic Literature Review. arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.22271","author":"Glawe Felix","year":"2025","unstructured":"Felix Glawe, Tim Schmeckel, Philipp Brauner, and Martina Ziefle. 2025. Human Autonomy and Sense of Agency in Human-Robot Interaction: A Systematic Literature Review. arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.22271 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"J.F. Hair B.J. Babin R.E. Anderson and W.C. Black. 2022. Multivariate Data Analysis. Cengage Learning. isbn:9780357755228 https:\/\/books.google.co.jp\/books?id=PONXEAAAQBAJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2021.3062787"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"Fortune Business Insights. 2025. Artificial Intelligence Robots Market Size Share & Industry Analysis By Component (Hardware and Software) By Technology (Machine Learning Natural Language Processing Computer Vision and Context Awareness) By Application (Industrial Robots and Service Robots) By End User (Manufacturing Transportation & Logistics Healthcare Retail & E-commerce Military & Defense Automotive and Others) and Regional Forecast 2025 \u2013 2032. https:\/\/www.fortunebusinessinsights.com\/artificial-intelligence-robots-market-111519#: :text=efficiency Accessed: 2025-11-21."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"By Component, By Type, By Mobility, By Technology, By Application, Forecast 2025 -","author":"Insights Global Market","year":"2034","unstructured":"Global Market Insights. 2025. Service Robotics Market Size, By Component, By Type, By Mobility, By Technology, By Application, Forecast 2025 - 2034. https:\/\/www.gminsights.com\/industry-analysis\/service-robotics-market-size Accessed: 2025-11-21."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI61500.2025.10974033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-024-01102-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Testing the METUX model in higher education: interface and task need\u2013satisfaction predict engagement, learning, and well-being. Frontiers in psychology 12","author":"Jeno Lucas M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lucas M Jeno, \u00c5ge Diseth, and John-Arvid Grytnes. 2021. Testing the METUX model in higher education: interface and task need\u2013satisfaction predict engagement, learning, and well-being. Frontiers in psychology 12 (2021), 631564."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings","volume":"2004","author":"Kaku J","year":"2004","unstructured":"J Kaku, M Kabuto, T Kageyama, K Kuno, S Kuwano, S Namba, S Sueoka, H Tachibana, K Yamamoto, M Yamashita, et al. 2004. Standardization of social survey method in Japan. In INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings, Vol. 2004. Institute of Noise Control Engineering, 3759\u20133764."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1592658"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/nfc45"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-13921-6_10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Robotics outlook 2030: How intelligence and mobility will shape the future","author":"L\u00e4ssig Ralph","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ralph L\u00e4ssig, Markus Lorenz, Emmanuel Sissimatos, Ina Wicker, and Tilman Buchner. 2021. Robotics outlook 2030: How intelligence and mobility will shape the future. Boston Consulting Group 28 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/hfes.46.1.50.30392"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herbert W Marsh Kit-Tai Hau and Zhonglin Wen. 2004. In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler\u2019s (1999) findings. Structural equation modeling 11 3 (2004) 320\u2013341.","DOI":"10.1207\/s15328007sem1103_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ARSO60199.2024.10557833"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"The poor fit of model fit for selecting number of factors in exploratory factor analysis for scale evaluation. Educational and psychological measurement 81, 3","author":"Montoya Amanda K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amanda K Montoya and Michael C Edwards. 2021. The poor fit of model fit for selecting number of factors in exploratory factor analysis for scale evaluation. Educational and psychological measurement 81, 3 (2021), 413\u2013440."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su13126567"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"World employment and social outlook trends","author":"Office International Labour","year":"2025","unstructured":"International Labour Office. 2025. World employment and social outlook trends 2025. https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2025-01\/WESO25_Trends_Report_EN.pdf Accessed: 2025-10-16."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2025. Ageing and health. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/ageing-and-health Accessed: 2025-10-15."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00131644241282982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","unstructured":"QuestionPro. 2025. Audience. https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/audience\/ Accessed: 2025-10-29."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"The darker and brighter sides of human existence: Basic psychological needs as a unifying concept. Psychological inquiry 11, 4","author":"Ryan Richard M","year":"2000","unstructured":"Richard M Ryan and Edward L Deci. 2000. The darker and brighter sides of human existence: Basic psychological needs as a unifying concept. Psychological inquiry 11, 4 (2000), 319\u2013338."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.1.68"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Confirmatory factor analysis\u2013a case study. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.05598","author":"Sarmento Rui Portocarrero","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rui Portocarrero Sarmento and Vera Costa. 2019. Confirmatory factor analysis\u2013a case study. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.05598 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","unstructured":"Karin Schermelleh-Engel Helfried Moosbrugger Hans M\u00fcller et al. 2003. Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of psychological research online 8 2 (2003) 23\u201374."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"Ahmed Sherif. 2024. Share of employees working primarily remotely worldwide 2015-2023. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/topics\/6565\/work-from-home-and-remote-work\/#topicOverview Accessed: 2025-10-15."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068967"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","unstructured":"Gemini Robotics Team Abbas Abdolmaleki Saminda Abeyruwan Joshua Ainslie Jean-Baptiste Alayrac Montserrat Gonzalez Arenas Ashwin Balakrishna Nathan Batchelor Alex Bewley Jeff Bingham Michael Bloesch Konstantinos Bousmalis Philemon Brakel Anthony Brohan Thomas Buschmann Arunkumar Byravan Serkan Cabi Ken Caluwaerts Federico Casarini Christine Chan Oscar Chang London Chappellet-Volpini Jose Enrique Chen Xi Chen Hao-Tien Lewis Chiang Krzysztof Choromanski Adrian Collister David B. D\u2019Ambrosio Sudeep Dasari Todor Davchev Meet Kirankumar Dave Coline Devin Norman Di Palo Tianli Ding Carl Doersch Adil Dostmohamed Yilun Du Debidatta Dwibedi Sathish Thoppay Egambaram Michael Elabd Tom Erez Xiaolin Fang Claudio Fantacci Cody Fong Erik Frey Chuyuan Fu Ruiqi Gao Marissa Giustina Keerthana Gopalakrishnan Laura Graesser Oliver Groth Agrim Gupta Roland Hafner Steven Hansen Leonard Hasenclever Sam Haves Nicolas Heess Brandon Hernaez Alex Hofer Jasmine Hsu Lu Huang Sandy H. Huang Atil Iscen Mithun George Jacob Deepali Jain Sally Jesmonth Abhishek Jindal Ryan Julian Dmitry Kalashnikov M. Emre Karagozler Stefani Karp Matija Kecman J. Chase Kew Donnie Kim Frank Kim Junkyung Kim Thomas Kipf Sean Kirmani Ksenia Konyushkova Li Yang Ku Yuheng Kuang Thomas Lampe Antoine Laurens Tuan Anh Le Isabel Leal Alex X. Lee Tsang-Wei Edward Lee Guy Lever Jacky Liang Li-Heng Lin Fangchen Liu Shangbang Long Caden Lu Sharath Maddineni Anirudha Majumdar Kevis-Kokitsi Maninis Andrew Marmon Sergio Martinez Assaf Hurwitz Michaely Niko Milonopoulos Joss Moore Robert Moreno Michael Neunert Francesco Nori Joy Ortiz Kenneth Oslund Carolina Parada Emilio Parisotto Amaris Paryag Acorn Pooley Thomas Power Alessio Quaglino Haroon Qureshi Rajkumar Vasudeva Raju Helen Ran Dushyant Rao Kanishka Rao Isaac Reid David Rendleman Krista Reymann Miguel Rivas Francesco Romano Yulia Rubanova Peter Pastor Sampedro Pannag R Sanketi Dhruv Shah Mohit Sharma Kathryn Shea Mohit Shridhar Charles Shu Vikas Sindhwani Sumeet Singh Radu Soricut Rachel Sterneck Ian Storz Razvan Surdulescu Jie Tan Jonathan Tompson Saran Tunyasuvunakool Jake Varley Grace Vesom Giulia Vezzani Maria Bauza Villalonga Oriol Vinyals Ren\u00e9 Wagner Ayzaan Wahid Stefan Welker Paul Wohlhart Chengda Wu Markus Wulfmeier Fei Xia Ted Xiao Annie Xie Jinyu Xie Peng Xu Sichun Xu Ying Xu Zhuo Xu Jimmy Yan Sherry Yang Skye Yang Yuxiang Yang Hiu Hong Yu Wenhao Yu Wentao Yuan Yuan Yuan Jingwei Zhang Tingnan Zhang Zhiyuan Zhang Allan Zhou Guangyao Zhou and Yuxiang Zhou. 2025. Gemini Robotics 1.5: Pushing the Frontier of Generalist Robots with Advanced Embodied Reasoning Thinking and Motion Transfer. arxiv:2510.03342 [cs.RO] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2510.03342"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"James YL Thong, and Xin Xu","author":"Venkatesh Viswanath","year":"2012","unstructured":"Viswanath Venkatesh, James YL Thong, and Xin Xu. 2012. Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. MIS quarterly (2012), 157\u2013178."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-024-03271-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40648-019-0132-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ibrahim Yitmen and Amjad Almusaed. 2024. Synopsis of Industry 5.0 Paradigm for Human-Robot Collaboration. IntechOpen. isbn:978-0-85466-095-7 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.1005583 10.5772\/intechopen.1005583","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.1005583"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191121993558"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI53351.2022.9889595"}],"event":{"name":"HRI '26: 21st ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","location":"Edinburgh Scotland UK","acronym":"HRI '26","sponsor":["SIGAI ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence","SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","IEEE RAS"]},"container-title":["Companion Proceedings of the 21st ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T20:12:34Z","timestamp":1773346354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3776734.3794360"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3776734.3794360","10.1145\/3776734"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3776734.3794360","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}