{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T07:05:50Z","timestamp":1781334350544,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":45,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3776734.3794361","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T20:05:48Z","timestamp":1773345948000},"page":"96-100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Where Are They? The Absence of Social Robots in Real-World Environments"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0453-1381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Blair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1228-7657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Ellen","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7891-6666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peggy","family":"Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5707-5236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koen","family":"Hindriks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Christopher K. Andrews. 2009. \u2018Do-It-Yourself\u2019: Self-checkouts Supermarkets and the Self-Service Trend in American Business. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/1903\/9593"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rowland Atkinson. 2003. Domestication by Cappuccino or a Revenge on Urban Space? Control and Empowerment in the Management of Public Spaces. Urban Studies Aug. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0042098032000106627 Publisher: Sage PublicationsSage UK: London England 10.1080\/0042098032000106627","DOI":"10.1080\/0042098032000106627"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Axios. 2024. Maker of AI robots for kids abruptly shutters. https:\/\/www.axios.com\/2024\/12\/10\/moxie-kids-robot-shuts-down"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"BBC. 2021. RIP Pepper robot? SoftBank \u2019pauses\u2019 production. https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-57651405"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"BBC. 2025. Elon Musk\u2019s $1tn pay deal approved by Tesla shareholders. https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cwyk6kvyxvzo"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319502.3374775"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/pjbr-2019-0007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/002075499189718"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5153\/sro.973"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cathy Cassell and Gillian Symon. 2012. Qualitative Organizational Research : Core Methods and Current Challenges. 1\u2013544. https:\/\/www.torrossa.com\/en\/resources\/an\/4913040 Publisher: Sage","DOI":"10.4135\/9781526435620.n1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.29.9.1037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11002-022-09616-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/pjbr-2019-0019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Tech Crunch. 2025. The lonely death of Jibo the social robot. https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2019\/03\/04\/the-lonely-death-of-jibo-the-social-robot\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","first-page":"2167","volume-title":"2020 15th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). 63\u201372","author":"Davison Daniel P.","unstructured":"Daniel P. Davison, Frances M. Wijnen, Vicky Charisi, Jan van der Meij, Vanessa Evers, and Dennis Reidsma. 2020. Working with a Social Robot in School: A Long-Term Real-World Unsupervised Deployment. In 2020 15th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). 63\u201372. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9484296 ISSN: 2167-2148"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJRDM-10-2020-0413"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2023.123035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RO-MAN46459.2019.8956329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"1st International Workshop on Worker-Robot Relations, HRI \u201924","author":"Foster Mary Ellen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mary Ellen Foster, Shaul Ashkenazi, Andrew Blair, Andres Ramirez-Duque, Samina Ali, Patricia Candelaria, Summer Hudson, Jennifer Stinson, Lauren Harris, Sasha Litwin, Fareha Nishat, Ronald P. A. Petrick, Alan Lindsay, David Harris Smith, Ahmet Dumlu, and Frauke Zeller. 2024. Including Front-Line Workers as Primary Stakeholders in Public-Space HRI. In 1st International Workshop on Worker-Robot Relations, HRI \u201924. Boulder, CO, USA. https:\/\/eprints.gla.ac.uk\/321922\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Behavior in public places: notes on the social organization of gatherings","author":"Goffman Erving","unstructured":"Erving Goffman. 1963. Behavior in public places: notes on the social organization of gatherings. Free Press, Glencoe, Ill."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2023.2215975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"The Information. 2025. Humanoid Robot Developer 1X Targets $1 Billion in New Funding. https:\/\/www.theinformation.com\/articles\/humanoid-robot-developer-1x-targets-1-billion-new-funding"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"Bosch Business Innovations. 2018. Exit story of Mayfield Robotics. https:\/\/www.bosch-business-innovations.com\/stories\/mayfield-robotics\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-31682-1_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RO-MAN47096.2020.9223512"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2012.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Yueh-Ysen Lin. 2004. Organizational Identity and Its Implication on Organization Development."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"The Robot Report. 2018. Rethink Robotics closes its doors. https:\/\/www.therobotreport.com\/rethink-robotics-closes-its-doors\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"The Robot Report. 2025. Aldebaran maker of Pepper and Nao robots put in receivership."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"L. Riek Andra Adams and P. Robinson. 2011. Exposure to Cinematic Depictions of Robots and Attitudes Towards Them. https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Exposure-to-Cinematic-Depictions-of-Robots-and-Them-Riek-Adams\/25829ae398ba2e6a4a213119df32ffb28fc46963"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Furhat Robotics. 2019. Multilingual robot assistant. https:\/\/www.furhatrobotics.com\/use-cases-and-concepts\/multilingual-robot-assistant"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Quinlan","author":"Rogers Everett M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Everett M. Rogers, Arvind Singhal, and Marget M. Quinlan. 2008. Diffusion of Innovations. In An Integrated Approach to Communication Theory and Research (2 ed.). Routledge. Num Pages: 17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Turning Words, Spinning Worlds","author":"Rosen Michael","unstructured":"Michael Rosen. 2000. Coming to Terms with the Field: Understanding and Doing Organizational Ethnography. In Turning Words, Spinning Worlds. Routledge. Num Pages: 29"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pungpond Rukumnuaykit Piriya Pholphirul and Worawut Phaphimolwat. 2024. Post-Covid-19 Adoption of Service Robots in Thai Tourism Enterprises:Assessing Impacts on Job Displacement and Job Creation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.5019092 10.2139\/ssrn.5019092","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5019092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/nr.2017.e1470"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Ethnography in Social Science Practice","author":"Scott-Jones Julie","unstructured":"Julie Scott-Jones and Sal Watt. 2010. Origins and Ancestors: A brief history of ethnography. In Ethnography in Social Science Practice. Routledge. Num Pages: 15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"New York Times. 2023. Farewell forever to Netflix DVDs. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/09\/23\/briefing\/netflix-dvds.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Tuten and Annmarie Hanlon","author":"Tracy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tracy L. Tuten and Annmarie Hanlon. 2022. The SAGE Handbook of Digital Marketing. 1\u2013100. https:\/\/www.torrossa.com\/en\/resources\/an\/5282338 Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI \u201919)","author":"van der Putte Daisy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Daisy van der Putte, Roel Boumans, Mark Neerincx, Marcel Olde Rikkert, and Marleen de Mul. 2020. A social robot for autonomous health data acquisition among hospitalized patients: an exploratory field study. In Proceedings of the 14th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI \u201919). IEEE Press, 658\u2013659. isbn:978-1-5386-8555-6 Place: Daegu, Republic of Korea"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","unstructured":"Mark Van Hagen. 2011. Waiting experience at train stations. Eburon Uitgeverij BV."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"The Verge. 2019. Robot toy company Anki is going out of business. https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2019\/4\/29\/18523124\/anki-drive-robot-toy-company-out-of-business-shutting-down"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1056492606291200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Robots Won\u2019t Save Japan: An Ethnography of Eldercare Automation","author":"Wright James","unstructured":"James Wright. 2023. Robots Won\u2019t Save Japan: An Ethnography of Eldercare Automation. Cornell University Press. isbn:9781501768040 http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.7591\/j.ctv2fjx0br"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3610978.3638156"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3695772"}],"event":{"name":"HRI '26: 21st ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","location":"Edinburgh Scotland UK","acronym":"HRI '26","sponsor":["SIGAI ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence","SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","IEEE RAS"]},"container-title":["Companion Proceedings of the 21st ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T20:12:25Z","timestamp":1773346345000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3776734.3794361"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3776734.3794361","10.1145\/3776734"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3776734.3794361","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}