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However, achieving a given sustainability target is highly context-specific, and member states need to design custom structures and policies to achieve specific targets in their regions. This is called the problem of SDG\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">localization<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The dearth of relevant frameworks for representing and reasoning about sustainability and policy interventions has resulted in SDG localization efforts being pursued in silos and in an ad hoc manner. In this work, we address the problem of designing a representation framework for policy interventions toward achieving sustainability targets. We call this activity \u201c\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Intervention Science<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u201d and develop three essential structures:\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Differential Impact Modeling<\/jats:italic>\n                    that studies predicted change in SDG indicator,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Collateral Impact Modeling<\/jats:italic>\n                    to understand the side-effects of policy interventions, and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Stability Profile Modeling<\/jats:italic>\n                    to assess the sustainability of the interventions. We take up specific examples from SDG 2-Zero Hunger to showcase how policy instruments can be designed for specific SDG indicators.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3776741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T09:12:00Z","timestamp":1763197920000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Towards an Intervention Science for Sustainable Development"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0611-8734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pooja","family":"Bassin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute of Information Technology","place":["Bengaluru, India"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5491-5535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arpitha","family":"Malavalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute of Information Technology","place":["Bengaluru, India"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9588-6550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srinath","family":"Srinivasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute of Information Technology","place":["Bengaluru, India"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9485-3608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mukund","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development","place":["Bengaluru, India"]}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/030913200701540465"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-32714-9_3","article-title":"The law of unintended consequences","author":"Adler Richard M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Richard M. 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