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Machine learning (ML) techniques, while powerful, require extensive training data and may not generalize well across different domains. Conversely, lexicon-based methods offer consistent performance across domains but often lack precision. To leverage the advantages of both methods, a hybrid model for emotion analysis in Hindi is presented. Results indicate that the hybrid model outperforms both individual classifiers and the simple lexicon approach in terms of accuracy. Specifically, incorporating Multinomial Na\u00efve Bayes within the hybrid framework yields significant performance improvements. The proposed hybrid model presents a viable and superior approach for Hindi emotion analysis, balancing the need for stability and accuracy across varied textual domains<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3777372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T11:20:31Z","timestamp":1763119231000},"page":"1-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Emotion Classification for Hindi Text: A Hybrid Approach"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3906-3298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhanashree","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Engineering, Angadi Institute of Technology and Management","place":["Belgaum, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1500-0981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anand","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Communication Engineering, Angadi Institute of Technology and Management","place":["Belgaum, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4465-7691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vania","family":"Estrela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telecommunications Department, Universidade Federal Fluminense","place":["Niteroi, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICISC.2018.8399127"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-3945-6_43"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14704\/WEB\/V19I1\/WEB19042"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/s44389-025-05622-w"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","first-page":"159","article-title":"Review of sentimental analysis methods using lexicon-based approach","volume":"5","author":"Rajput Rahul","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rahul Rajput and Arun Kumar Solanki. 2016. 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