{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:03:10Z","timestamp":1784307790573,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey","award":["ProjectNumber:121E584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ProjectNumber:121E584"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Context:<\/jats:italic>\n                    In software projects, certain developers hold significant influence either by overseeing the entire project, focusing on specific components, or facilitating communication and coordination among teams. These key developers are vital in ensuring the project\u2019s overall success and ongoing maintenance. Given the significance of these individuals, proactively predicting them enables organizations to gain a competitive edge by nurturing their future talents. Numerous studies have focused on identifying the current roles of developers in software projects across various contexts. However, there are limited investigations into forecasting a developer\u2019s future role within a project.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Our research aims to address this gap by utilizing two distinct methodologies, each characterized by its unique set of features, to introduce an effective approach for predicting future key developers of a project based on developers\u2019 initial activities.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Method:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Our first methodology leverages four established predictive models: k-Nearest Neighbors, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Na\u00efve Bayes, trained on a set of features inspired by sports analytics. These features are analogous to those used to assess athletes\u2019 performance in different kinds of sports and emphasize the evaluation of developers\u2019 technical proficiency and collaborative dynamics within their first 6 months of contribution to software projects. The second methodology involves extracting young (inexperienced) and mature (experienced) developers using a neural embedding algorithm. Inspired by sports analytics, the aim is to connect the inexperienced and experienced statuses of developers. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) is trained on the historical embeddings of key developers. By applying diachronic alignment techniques, the current embedding space is mapped onto the past embedding space, allowing the trained MLP to use these aligned current embeddings to predict future developers.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Result:<\/jats:italic>\n                    We assessed our methodologies across four open-source projects: Vuejs-Core, Spring-Security, Moby, and Gitea. Based on the obtained results from the first methodology, Random Forest appears to be the most effective model among the four models evaluated in this study, achieving up to 72.29% F1 Score in predicting key developers based on their historical performance and collaboration metrics, utilizing two different sources of ground truth data. Meanwhile, the second methodology achieved up to 70.89% F1 Score with the AlignOP alignment technique in the same projects. While both methods are effective, the results showed that combining the two methodologies can achieve up to 73.64% F1 Score, leveraging the strengths of both approaches.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n                    This combined approach not only enhances prediction accuracy but also provides a framework for organizations to proactively predict and cultivate future key developers, thereby contributing to the long-term success and sustainability of software projects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3779119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:44:27Z","timestamp":1765547067000},"page":"1-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predicting the Next Generation of Key Developers: A Dual-Methodology Approach"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6268-9083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fereshteh","family":"Vedadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6519-9555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Emir","family":"G\u00fczey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5937-9559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giray","family":"Akyol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5550-7816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eray","family":"T\u00fcz\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3524842.3527959"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3183519.3183549"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-025-10655-9","article-title":"Predicting long time contributors with knowledge units of programming languages: An empirical study","volume":"30","author":"Ahasanuzzaman Md","year":"2025","unstructured":"Md Ahasanuzzaman, Gustavo A. Oliva, and Ahmed E. Hassan. 2025. Predicting long time contributors with knowledge units of programming languages: An empirical study. Empirical Software Engineering 30, 3 (2025), 99.","journal-title":"Empirical Software Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11219-011-9144-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2019.2918536"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"170","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE\/ACM 14th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR)","author":"Bao Lingfeng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lingfeng Bao, Zhenchang Xing, Xin Xia, David Lo, and Shanping Li. 2017. Who will leave the company?: A large-scale industry study of developer turnover by mining monthly work report. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE\/ACM 14th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR). IEEE, 170\u2013181."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2019.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1137983.1138016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3593803"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2652524.2652544"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-022-10129-2","article-title":"Analyzing developer contributions using artifact traceability graphs","volume":"27","author":"\u00c7etin H. Alperen","year":"2022","unstructured":"H. Alperen \u00c7etin and Eray T\u00fcz\u00fcn. 2022. Analyzing developer contributions using artifact traceability graphs. Empirical Software Engineering 27, 3 (2022), 77.","journal-title":"Empirical Software Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11390-017-1728-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1967.1053964"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2023.107218"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SBES.2014.25"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/METRIC.2004.1357894"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2005.73"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"217","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Working Conference on Virtual Enterprises","author":"El Asri Ikram","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ikram El Asri, Noureddine Kerzazi, Lamia Benhiba, and Mohammed Janati. 2017. From periphery to core: A temporal analysis of GitHub contributors\u2019 collaboration network. In Proceedings of the Working Conference on Virtual Enterprises. Springer, 217\u2013229."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2021.106616"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1145\/3422392.3422433","volume-title":"Proceedings of the XXXIV Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering","author":"Ferreira Fabio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fabio Ferreira, Luciana Lourdes Silva, and Marco Tulio Valente. 2020. Turnover in open-source projects: The case of core developers. In Proceedings of the XXXIV Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering, 447\u2013456."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"Financial Times. 2024. UK Employers to Retain Right to Place New Hires On 6-Month Probation. Retrieved February 22 2025 from https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/c399f7e9-7a31-4a3d-b964-8baf7fab596e"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2019.1702280"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","unstructured":"German Civil Code (BGB). 2025. Section 622 (3) BGB: Notice Periods in the Case of Termination. Federal Republic of Germany. Gesetze im Internet. Retrieved August 21 2025 from https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/englisch_bgb\/englisch_bgb.html#p3032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-014-9332-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"74","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Workshops at the 15th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR)","volume":"708","author":"Goeminne Mathieu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mathieu Goeminne and Tom Mens. 2011. Evidence for the Pareto principle in open source software activity. In Proceedings of the Workshops at the 15th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR), Vol. 708, 74\u201382."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2011.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BotSE52550.2021.00012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3387940.3391503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P16-1141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-84858-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00180-024-01539-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2005.12.126"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/QSIC.2014.30"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","unstructured":"Indeed Editorial Team. 2024. What Is a Probation Period and What Happens After It? Retrieved February 15 2025 from https:\/\/in.indeed.com\/career-advice\/starting-new-job\/what-is-probation-period"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2009.498"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3510457.3513082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","unstructured":"Rohan Jain. 2023. What Is the Mindset of High Achievers? Retrieved June 3 2024 from https:\/\/www.quora.com\/What-is-the-mindset-of-high-achievers-1\/answer\/Rohan-Jain-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2017.23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2015.74"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smr.2484"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","first-page":"230","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE\/ACIS 22nd International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel\/Distributed Computing (SNPD)","author":"Koguchi Tomoki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tomoki Koguchi and Akinori Ihara. 2021. Early identification of active developers based on their past contributions in OSS projects. In Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE\/ACIS 22nd International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel\/Distributed Computing (SNPD). IEEE, 230\u2013235."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-024-10502-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","volume-title":"Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game","author":"Lewis Michael","year":"2004","unstructured":"Michael Lewis. 2004. Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game. WW Norton & Company."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","first-page":"228","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering","author":"Sherlock","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sherlock, A. Licorish, and Stephen G. MacDonell. 2013. The true role of active communicators: An empirical study of jazz core developers. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering, 228\u2013239."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2014.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","first-page":"66","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 12th International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE)","author":"Lin Bin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bin Lin, Gregorio Robles, and Alexander Serebrenik. 2017. Developer turnover in global, industrial open source projects: Insights from applying survival analysis. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 12th International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE)IEEE, 66\u201375."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e23010018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","unstructured":"Patrick Lucey Alina Bialkowski Mathew Monfort Peter Carr and I. Matthews. 2015. \u201cQuality vs Quantity\u201d: Improved Shot Prediction in Soccer using Strategic Features from Spatiotemporal Data. Retrieved from https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:110900298"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","first-page":"4765","article-title":"A unified approach to interpreting model predictions","volume":"30","author":"Lundberg Scott M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scott M. Lundberg and Su-In Lee. 2017. A unified approach to interpreting model predictions. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30, 4765\u20134774.","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2022.06.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112589"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","unstructured":"Patrick Miller. 2018. Nylon Calculus: Quantifying Defensive Versatility in the Playoffs. Retrieved from https:\/\/fansided.com\/2018\/05\/31\/nba-playoffs-defensive-versatility-cavaliers-warriors-jeff-green\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","volume-title":"Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis","author":"Montgomery Douglas C.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Douglas C. Montgomery, Elizabeth A. Peck, and G. Geoffrey Vining. 2021. Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis. John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113986"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","first-page":"678","article-title":"Evolving the system\u2019s core: A case study on the identification and characterization of key developers in apache ant","volume":"34","author":"Oliva Gustavo Ansaldi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gustavo Ansaldi Oliva, Jos\u00e9 Teodoro da Silva, Marco Aur\u00e9lio Gerosa, Francisco Werther Silva Santana, Cl\u00e1udia Maria Lima Werner, Cleidson Ronald Botelho De Souza, and Kleverton Carlos Macedo De Oliveira. 2015. Evolving the system\u2019s core: A case study on the identification and characterization of key developers in apache ant. Computing and Informatics 34, 3 (2015), 678\u2013724.","journal-title":"Computing and Informatics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Collaboration and Technology (CRIWG \u201912)","author":"Oliva Gustavo A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gustavo A. Oliva, Francisco W. Santana, Kleverton C. M. De Oliveira, Cleidson R. B. De Souza, and Marco A. Gerosa. 2012. Characterizing key developers: A case study with apache ant. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Collaboration and Technology (CRIWG \u201912). Springer, 97\u2013112."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","unstructured":"Stats Perform. 2024. Opta Event Definitions. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.statsperform.com\/opta-event-definitions\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSMR.2011.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939778"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IJCAI 2001 Workshop on Empirical Methods in Artificial Intelligence","volume":"3","author":"Rish Irina","year":"2001","unstructured":"Irina Rish, et al. 2001. An empirical study of the naive Bayes classifier. In Proceedings of the IJCAI 2001 Workshop on Empirical Methods in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 3, 41\u201346."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1082983.1083162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2009.5069497"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3439961.3439979"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2012.644"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","first-page":"507","article-title":"Introducing PECOTA","volume":"2003","author":"Silver Nate","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nate Silver. 2003. Introducing PECOTA. Baseball Prospectus 2003 (2003), 507\u2013514.","journal-title":"Baseball Prospectus"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","unstructured":"Nate Silver. 2015. We\u2019re Predicting the Career of Every NBA Player. Here\u2019s How. Retrieved from https:\/\/fivethirtyeight.com\/features\/how-were-predicting-nba-player-career\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1145\/1985441.1985462","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories","author":"Sinha Vibha Singhal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vibha Singhal Sinha, Senthil Mani, and Saurabh Sinha. 2011. Entering the circle of trust: Developer initiation as committers in open-source projects. In Proceedings of the 8th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories, 133\u2013142."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","first-page":"48","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE 13th International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS)","author":"Song Yulin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yulin Song, Tao Wang, Yang Shen, and Junsheng Chang. 2022. A new method for evaluating core developers in open source software. In Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE 13th International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS). IEEE, 48\u201353."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3540250.3549132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1145\/1735935.1735944","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Smalltalk Technologies","author":"Stephany Fran\u00e7ois","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fran\u00e7ois Stephany, Tom Mens, and Tudor G\u00eerba. 2009. Maispion: A tool for analysing and visualising open source software developer communities. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Smalltalk Technologies, 50\u201357."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","unstructured":"Tuomas Tiippana. 2020. How Accurately Does the Expected Goals Model Reflect Goalscoring and Success in Football? Retrieved from https:\/\/aaltodoc.aalto.fi\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/43d75b97-553d-40eb-8aaf-79dadbe54514\/content"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE55347.2025.00056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3597503.3639119"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2021.3108032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Internetware","author":"Wang Tao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tao Wang, Yang Zhang, Gang Yin, Yue Yu, and Huaimin Wang. 2018. Who will become a long-term contributor? A prediction model based on the early phase behaviors. In Proceedings of the 10th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Internetware, 1\u201310."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3611643.3616349"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3503509"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N19-1045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2022.3156071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","unstructured":"Steven Zaillian Aaron Sorkin and Stan Chervin. 2011. Moneyball. Sony Pictures Releasing."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","first-page":"711","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 4th Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2)","author":"Zhang Ke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ke Zhang, Peidong Xu, and Jun Zhang. 2020. Explainable AI in deep reinforcement learning models: A SHAP method applied in power system emergency control. In Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 4th Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2). IEEE, 711\u2013716."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1145\/2024445.2024459","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Principles of Software Evolution and the 7th Annual ERCIM Workshop on Software Evolution","author":"Zhang Wen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wen Zhang, Ye Yang, and Qing Wang. 2011. Network analysis of OSS evolution: An empirical study on ArgoUML project. In Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Principles of Software Evolution and the 7th Annual ERCIM Workshop on Software Evolution, 71\u201380."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2372233.2372247"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1882291.1882313"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2014.2349496"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3779119","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:05:50Z","timestamp":1784304350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3779119"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3779119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3779119","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-331X","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}