{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T19:08:08Z","timestamp":1774984088522,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":74,"publisher":"ACM","funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation of China","award":["T2325001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2325001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3779212.3790162","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T13:55:26Z","timestamp":1773150926000},"page":"749-763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Finding Reusable Instructions via E-Graph Anti-Unification"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3636-3685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youwei","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2455-5027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenyun","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8672-4944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yitian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6185-5001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuyang","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9076-7998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"2025. eembc\/coremark-pro. https:\/\/github.com\/eembc\/coremark-prooriginal-date: 2019-07-19T18:34:34Z."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSS.1999.814268"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2012.2214033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3316781.3326334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/567067.567085"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2020.2996616"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"The Rocket Chip Generator. EECS Department","author":"Asanovi\u0107 Krste","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krste Asanovi\u0107, Rimas Avizienis, Jonathan Bachrach, Scott Beamer, David Biancolin, Christopher Celio, Henry Cook, Daniel Dabbelt, John Hauser, Adam Izraelevitz, and others. 2016. The Rocket Chip Generator. EECS Department, University of California, Berkeley, Tech. Rep. UCB\/EECS-2016-17 (2016). https:\/\/aspire.eecs.berkeley.edu\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Tech-Report-The-Rocket-Chip-Generator-Beamer.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2010.2090543"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/361002.361007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2008.2001863"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP.2018.00032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Publication Title: Cadence Tensilica Offerings.","author":"Systems Cadence Design","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cadence Design Systems, Inc. 2025. Cadence Tensilica Offerings. https:\/\/www.cadence.com\/en_US\/home\/tools\/silicon-solutions\/compute-ip\/technologies.html Publication Title: Cadence Tensilica Offerings."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"David Cao Rose Kunkel Chandrakana Nandi Max Willsey Zachary Tatlock and Nadia Polikarpova. 2022. babble: Learning Better Abstractions with E-Graphs and Anti-Unification. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2212.04596 arXiv:2212.04596.","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2212.04596"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2504.11574"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen Chen Guangyu Hu Dongsheng Zuo Cunxi Yu Yuzhe Ma and Hongce Zhang. 2024a. E-Syn: E-Graph Rewriting with Technology-Aware Cost Functions for Logic Synthesis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2403.14242 arXiv:2403.14242 [cs].","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2403.14242"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3656401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2006.883915"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2016.2616357"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3620665.3640392"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"CIRCT community. 2025. CIRCT. https:\/\/circt.llvm.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MICRO.2003.1253189"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2005.156"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"Codasip. 2025. Codasip Studio. https:\/\/codasip.com\/products\/codasip-studio\/ Publication Title: Codasip."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Samuel Coward Theo Drane Emiliano Morini and George Constantinides. 2024. Combining Power and Arithmetic Optimization via Datapath Rewriting. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2404.12336 arXiv:2404.12336 [cs].","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2404.12336"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"David Tschumperl\u00e9 and others. 2025. The CImg Library a small and open-source C toolkit for image processing. https:\/\/github.com\/GreycLab\/CImg"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46586\/tches.v2022.i1.414-460"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13154\/tches.v2020.i4.239-280"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2017.2654506"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2014.2387375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2020.3012211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2541228.2555303"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2898356"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"XLS: Accelerated HW Synthesis. https:\/\/google.github.io\/xls\/","author":"Google Inc.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Google Inc. 2025. XLS: Accelerated HW Synthesis. https:\/\/google.github.io\/xls\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Lattice Theoretic Properties of Subsumption","author":"Plotkin Gordon","unstructured":"Gordon Plotkin. 1970. Lattice Theoretic Properties of Subsumption. Edinburgh University, Department of Machine Intelligence and Perception."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2011.18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"Helena Handschuh. 2020. RISC-V: An Open Approach to System Security \u2013 RISC-V International. https:\/\/riscv.org\/blog\/2020\/03\/risc-v-an-open-approach-to-system-security\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Transformational systems and the algebraic structure of atomic formulas","author":"Reynolds John C.","year":"1970","unstructured":"John C. Reynolds. 1970. Transformational systems and the algebraic structure of atomic formulas. Edinburgh University Press, Vol. 5 (1970), 135-152."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3579092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/977395.977673"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Version 3.8.","author":"Lee Yunsup","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yunsup Lee, Albert Ou, Colin Schmidt, Sagar Karandikar, Howard Mao, and Krste Asanovi\u0107. 2015. The Hwacha Microarchitecture Manual, Version 3.8. (2015). https:\/\/people.eecs.berkeley.edu\/ krste\/papers\/EECS-2015-263.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"LLVM Community. 2025. LLVM 18.1.8. https:\/\/github.com\/llvm\/llvm-project\/releases"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","unstructured":"Louis-Noel Pouchet and Tomofumi Yuki. 2018. PolyBench\/C 4.2. https:\/\/sourceforge.net\/projects\/polybench\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jason Lowe-Power Abdul Mutaal Ahmad Ayaz Akram Mohammad Alian Rico Amslinger Matteo Andreozzi Adri\u00e0 Armejach Nils Asmussen Brad Beckmann Srikant Bharadwaj Gabe Black Gedare Bloom Bobby R. Bruce Daniel Rodrigues Carvalho Jeronimo Castrillon Lizhong Chen Nicolas Derumigny Stephan Diestelhorst Wendy Elsasser Carlos Escuin Marjan Fariborz Amin Farmahini-Farahani Pouya Fotouhi Ryan Gambord Jayneel Gandhi Dibakar Gope Thomas Grass Anthony Gutierrez Bagus Hanindhito Andreas Hansson Swapnil Haria Austin Harris Timothy Hayes Adrian Herrera Matthew Horsnell Syed Ali Raza Jafri Radhika Jagtap Hanhwi Jang Reiley Jeyapaul Timothy M. Jones Matthias Jung Subash Kannoth Hamidreza Khaleghzadeh Yuetsu Kodama Tushar Krishna Tommaso Marinelli Christian Menard Andrea Mondelli Miquel Moreto Tiago M\u00fcck Omar Naji Krishnendra Nathella Hoa Nguyen Nikos Nikoleris Lena E. Olson Marc Orr Binh Pham Pablo Prieto Trivikram Reddy Alec Roelke Mahyar Samani Andreas Sandberg Javier Setoain Boris Shingarov Matthew D. Sinclair Tuan Ta Rahul Thakur Giacomo Travaglini Michael Upton Nilay Vaish Ilias Vougioukas William Wang Zhengrong Wang Norbert Wehn Christian Weis David A. Wood Hongil Yoon and \u00c9der F. Zulian. 2020. The gem5 Simulator: Version 20.0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2007.03152 arXiv:2007.03152 [cs].","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2007.03152"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shuming Ma Hongyu Wang Lingxiao Ma Lei Wang Wenhui Wang Shaohan Huang Li Dong Ruiping Wang Jilong Xue and Furu Wei. 2024. The Era of 1-bit LLMs: All Large Language Models are in 1.58 Bits. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2402.17764 arXiv:2402.17764 [cs].","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2402.17764"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3434304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3582016.3582070"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shervin Minaee Tomas Mikolov Narjes Nikzad Meysam Chenaghlu Richard Socher Xavier Amatriain and Jianfeng Gao. 2025. Large Language Models: A Survey. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2402.06196 arXiv:2402.06196 [cs].","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2402.06196"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3385412.3385974"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3445814.3446712"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3620666.3651375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3622834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1023833.1023844"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCAD66269.2025.11240669"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2005.855950"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IISWC.2014.6983050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSE.2009.167"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","volume-title":"Helge Bahmann, and Magnus Sj\u00e4lander.","author":"Reissmann Nico","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nico Reissmann, Jan Christian Meyer, Helge Bahmann, and Magnus Sj\u00e4lander. 2020. RVSDG: An Intermediate Representation for Optimizing Compilers. http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1912.05036 arXiv:1912.05036."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","unstructured":"Synopsys Inc. 2025. Synopsys ASIP Designer. https:\/\/www.synopsys.com\/dw\/ipdir.php?ds=asip-designer"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3617232.3624873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3466752.3480094"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3445814.3446707"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ashish Vaswani Noam Shazeer Niki Parmar Jakob Uszkoreit Llion Jones Aidan N. Gomez Lukasz Kaiser and Illia Polosukhin. 2023. Attention Is All You Need. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1706.03762 arXiv:1706.03762 [cs].","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1706.03762"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1735970.1736044"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2155620.2155640"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","unstructured":"Veripool. 2025. Verilator. https:\/\/www.veripool.org\/verilator\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jinheng Wang Hansong Zhou Ting Song Shijie Cao Yan Xia Ting Cao Jianyu Wei Shuming Ma Hongyu Wang and Furu Wei. 2025. Bitnet.cpp: Efficient Edge Inference for Ternary LLMs. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2502.11880 arXiv:2502.11880 [cs].","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2502.11880"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2018.2878194"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DAC63849.2025.11132875"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3626202.3637561"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Youwei Xiao Yuyang Zou Yansong Xu Yuhao Luo Yitian Sun Chenyun Yin Ruifan Xu Renze Chen and Yun Liang. 2025b. Invited Paper: APS: Open-Source Hardware-Software Co-Design Framework for Agile Processor Specialization. In 2025 IEEE\/ACM International Conference On Computer Aided Design (ICCAD). 1-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCAD66269.2025.11240817","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCAD66269.2025.11240817"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3508352.3549370"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiaqi Yin Zhan Song Chen Chen Qihao Hu and Cunxi Yu. 2025. BoolE: Exact Symbolic Reasoning via Boolean Equality Saturation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2504.05577 arXiv:2504.05577 [cs].","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2504.05577"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCA59077.2024.00082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2511.22267"}],"event":{"name":"ASPLOS '26: 31st ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","location":"Pittsburgh PA USA","sponsor":["SIGOPS ACM Special Interest Group on Operating Systems","SIGPLAN ACM Special Interest Group on Programming Languages","SIGARCH ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture","SIGBED ACM Special Interest Group on Embedded Systems"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 2"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3779212.3790162","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T18:42:31Z","timestamp":1774982551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3779212.3790162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3779212.3790162","10.1145\/3779212"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3779212.3790162","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}