{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T15:30:22Z","timestamp":1773588622085,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":108,"publisher":"ACM","funder":[{"name":"Institute of Information &amp; Communications Technology Planning &amp; Evaluation-Information Technology Research Center &#x28;IITP-ITRC&#x29; grant funded by the Korea government &#x28;MSIT&#x29;","award":["IITP-2026-RS-2020-II201795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2026-RS-2020-II201795"]}]},{"name":"the National Research Foundation of Korea &#x28;NRF&#x29; grant funded by the Korea government &#x28;MSIT&#x29;","award":["RS-2024-00342148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00342148"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Information &amp; Communications Technology Planning &amp; Evaluation &#x28;IITP&#x29; under the Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence Semiconductor grant funded by the Korea government &#x28;MSIT&#x29;","award":["IITP-2025-RS-2023-00256472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2025-RS-2023-00256472"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3779212.3790192","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T13:55:26Z","timestamp":1773150926000},"page":"1268-1284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neo: Real-Time On-Device 3D Gaussian Splatting with Reuse-and-Update Sorting Acceleration"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9834-3848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changhun","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6707-0641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seongryong","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8498-2502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinwoo","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2333-292X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoonsung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0028-013X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hardik","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meta, Sunnyvale, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6629-449X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jongse","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Anthropic. 2024. Introducing the next generation of Claude. https:\/\/www.anthropic.com\/news\/claude-3-family"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Apple. 2023. Apple Vision Pro - Technical Specifications. https:\/\/www.apple.com\/apple-vision-pro\/specs\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Ars Technica. 2013. How fast does ''virtual reality'' have to be to look like ''actual reality''? https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/gaming\/2013\/01\/how-fast-does-virtual-reality-have-to-be-to-look-like-actual-reality\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Gaudi: A neural architect for immersive 3d scene generation. In NeurIPS.","author":"Bautista Miguel Angel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Miguel Angel Bautista, Pengsheng Guo, Samira Abnar, Walter Talbott, Alexander Toshev, Zhuoyuan Chen, Laurent Dinh, Shuangfei Zhai, Hanlin Goh, Daniel Ulbricht, et al., 2022. Gaudi: A neural architect for immersive 3d scene generation. In NeurIPS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandeepa Bhuyan Ziyu Ying Mahmut T Kandemir Mahanth Gowda and Chita R Das. 2024. GameStreamSR: Enabling Neural-Augmented Game Streaming on Commodity Mobile Platforms. In ISCA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCA59077.2024.00097"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandeepa Bhuyan Shulin Zhao Ziyu Ying Mahmut T Kandemir and Chita R Das. 2022. End-to-end characterization of game streaming applications on mobile platforms. In POMACS.","DOI":"10.1145\/3489048.3522650"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Andreas Blattmann Tim Dockhorn Sumith Kulal Daniel Mendelevitch Maciej Kilian Dominik Lorenz Yam Levi Zion English Vikram Voleti Adam Letts et al. 2023. Stable video diffusion: Scaling latent video diffusion models to large datasets. arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.15127 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Jean-Baptiste Lespiau, Bogdan Damoc, Aidan Clark, et al.","author":"Borgeaud Sebastian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sebastian Borgeaud, Arthur Mensch, Jordan Hoffmann, Trevor Cai, Eliza Rutherford, Katie Millican, George Bm Van Den Driessche, Jean-Baptiste Lespiau, Bogdan Damoc, Aidan Clark, et al., 2022. Improving language models by retrieving from trillions of tokens. In ICML."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robert A Brebin Loren Carpenter and Pat Hanrahan. 1998. Volume rendering. In Seminal graphics: pioneering efforts that shaped the field.","DOI":"10.1145\/280811.281028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mark Buckler Philip Bedoukian Suren Jayasuriya and Adrian Sampson. 2018. EVA$^2$: Exploiting temporal redundancy in live computer vision. In ISCA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCA.2018.00051"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/218380.218395"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Flashattention: Fast and memory-efficient exact attention with io-awareness. In NeurIPS.","author":"Dao Tri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tri Dao, Dan Fu, Stefano Ermon, Atri Rudra, and Christopher R\u00e9. 2022. Flashattention: Fast and memory-efficient exact attention with io-awareness. In NeurIPS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Yushi Guan, Christina Giannoula, and Nandita Vijaykumar.","author":"Durvasula Sankeerth","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sankeerth Durvasula, Adrian Zhao, Fan Chen, Ruofan Liang, Pawan Kumar Sanjaya, Yushi Guan, Christina Giannoula, and Nandita Vijaykumar. 2025. ARC: Warp-level Adaptive Atomic Reduction in GPUs to Accelerate Differentiable Rendering. In ASPLOS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matthew Dutson Yin Li and Mohit Gupta. 2023. Eventful transformers: Leveraging temporal redundancy in vision transformers. In ICCV.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.01551"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Patrick Esser Sumith Kulal Andreas Blattmann Rahim Entezari Jonas M\u00fcller Harry Saini Yam Levi Dominik Lorenz Axel Sauer Frederic Boesel et al. 2024. Scaling rectified flow transformers for high-resolution image synthesis. In ICML."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Lightgaussian: Unbounded 3d gaussian compression with 15x reduction and 200 fps. In NeurIPS.","author":"Fan Zhiwen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhiwen Fan, Kevin Wang, Kairun Wen, Zehao Zhu, Dejia Xu, Zhangyang Wang, et al., 2025. Lightgaussian: Unbounded 3d gaussian compression with 15x reduction and 200 fps. In NeurIPS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Mini-splatting: Representing scenes with a constrained number of gaussians. In ECCV.","author":"Fang Guangchi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guangchi Fang and Bing Wang. 2024. Mini-splatting: Representing scenes with a constrained number of gaussians. In ECCV."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Lumina: Real-Time Neural Rendering by Exploiting Computational Redundancy. In ISCA.","author":"Feng Yu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yu Feng, Weikai Lin, Yuge Cheng, Zihan Liu, Jingwen Leng, Minyi Guo, Chen Chen, Shixuan Sun, and Yuhao Zhu. 2025. Lumina: Real-Time Neural Rendering by Exploiting Computational Redundancy. In ISCA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Potamoi: Accelerating Neural Rendering via a Unified Streaming Architecture. In TACO.","author":"Feng Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu Feng, Weikai Lin, Zihan Liu, Jingwen Leng, Minyi Guo, Han Zhao, Xiaofeng Hou, Jieru Zhao, and Yuhao Zhu. 2024a. Potamoi: Accelerating Neural Rendering via a Unified Streaming Architecture. In TACO."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Cicero: Addressing algorithmic and architectural bottlenecks in neural rendering by radiance warping and memory optimizations. In ISCA.","author":"Feng Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu Feng, Zihan Liu, Jingwen Leng, Minyi Guo, and Yuhao Zhu. 2024b. Cicero: Addressing algorithmic and architectural bottlenecks in neural rendering by radiance warping and memory optimizations. In ISCA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3352460.3358253"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Gen-nerf: Efficient and generalizable neural radiance fields via algorithm-hardware co-design. In ISCA.","author":"Fu Yonggan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yonggan Fu, Zhifan Ye, Jiayi Yuan, Shunyao Zhang, Sixu Li, Haoran You, and Yingyan Lin. 2023. Gen-nerf: Efficient and generalizable neural radiance fields via algorithm-hardware co-design. In ISCA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Fastnerf: High-fidelity neural rendering at 200fps. In ICCV.","author":"Garbin Stephan J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stephan J Garbin, Marek Kowalski, Matthew Johnson, Jamie Shotton, and Julien Valentin. 2021. Fastnerf: High-fidelity neural rendering at 200fps. In ICCV."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali Geris Baris Cukurbasi Murat Kilinc and Orkun Teke. 2024. Balancing performance and comfort in virtual reality: A study of FPS latency and batch values. In Software: Practice and Experience.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4529429"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Eagles: Efficient accelerated 3d gaussians with lightweight encodings. In ECCV.","author":"Girish Sharath","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sharath Girish, Kamal Gupta, and Abhinav Shrivastava. 2024. Eagles: Efficient accelerated 3d gaussians with lightweight encodings. In ECCV."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chris A Glasbey and Kantilal Vardichand Mardia. 1998. A review of image-warping methods. In Journal of applied statistics.","DOI":"10.1080\/02664769823151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Google. 2025. Android XR. https:\/\/www.android.com\/intl\/en_eu\/xr\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Robin Green. 2003. Spherical harmonic lighting: The gritty details. In Archives of the game developers conference."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Daya Guo Dejian Yang Haowei Zhang Junxiao Song Ruoyu Zhang Runxin Xu Qihao Zhu Shirong Ma Peiyi Wang Xiao Bi et al. 2025. Deepseek-r1: Incentivizing reasoning capability in llms via reinforcement learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.12948 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"Houshu He Gang Li Fangxin Liu Li Jiang Xiaoyao Liang and Zhuoran Song. 2025. GSArch: Breaking Memory Barriers in 3D Gaussian Splatting Training via Architectural Support. In HPCA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Gables: A roofline model for mobile socs. In HPCA.","author":"Hill Mark","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mark Hill and Vijay Janapa Reddi. 2019. Gables: A roofline model for mobile socs. In HPCA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"Jonathan Ho Ajay Jain and Pieter Abbeel. 2020. Denoising diffusion probabilistic models. In NeurIPS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume":"202","author":"Ho Jonathan","unstructured":"Jonathan Ho, Tim Salimans, Alexey Gritsenko, William Chan, Mohammad Norouzi, and David J Fleet. 2022. Video diffusion models. In NeurIPS.","journal-title":"David J Fleet."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"HP. 2021. HP Reverb G2 Virtual Reality Headset Datasheet."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"HTC. 2023. VIVE XR Elite. https:\/\/www.vive.com\/us\/product\/vive-xr-elite\/specs\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu: Efficient Video-Language Query Engine with Learning-Based Inter-Frame Computation Reuse. In PVLDB.","author":"Hwang Jinwoo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jinwoo Hwang, Daeun Kim, Sangyeop Lee, Yoonsung Kim, Guseul Heo, Hojoon Kim, Yunseok Jeong, Tadiwos Meaza, Eunhyeok Park, Jeongseob Ahn, and Jongse Park. 2025. D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu: Efficient Video-Language Query Engine with Learning-Based Inter-Frame Computation Reuse. In PVLDB."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"Jinwoo Hwang Minsu Kim Daeun Kim Seungho Nam Yoonsung Kim Dohee Kim Hardik Sharma and Jongse Park. 2022. CoVA: Exploiting Compressed-Domain analysis to accelerate video analytics. In ATC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Nvidia jetson agx orin series. A Giant Leap Forward for Robotics and Edge AI Applications. Technical Brief","author":"Karumbunathan Leela S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leela S Karumbunathan. 2022. Nvidia jetson agx orin series. A Giant Leap Forward for Robotics and Edge AI Applications. Technical Brief (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernhard Kerbl Georgios Kopanas Thomas Leimk\u00fchler and George Drettakis. 2023. 3d gaussian splatting for real-time radiance field rendering. In ACM Transactions on Graphics.","DOI":"10.1145\/3592433"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daeun Kim Jinwoo Hwang Changhun Oh and Jongse Park. 2025. MixDiT: Accelerating Image Diffusion Transformer Inference With Mixed-Precision MX Quantization. In CAL.","DOI":"10.1109\/LCA.2025.3560786"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Dacapo: Accelerating continuous learning in autonomous systems for video analytics. In ISCA.","author":"Kim Yoonsung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yoonsung Kim, Changhun Oh, Jinwoo Hwang, Wonung Kim, Seongryong Oh, Yubin Lee, Hardik Sharma, Amir Yazdanbakhsh, and Jongse Park. 2024. Dacapo: Accelerating continuous learning in autonomous systems for video analytics. In ISCA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Ramulator: A fast and extensible DRAM simulator. In CAL.","author":"Kim Yoongu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yoongu Kim, Weikun Yang, and Onur Mutlu. 2015. Ramulator: A fast and extensible DRAM simulator. In CAL."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arno Knapitsch Jaesik Park Qian-Yi Zhou and Vladlen Koltun. 2017. Tanks and Temples: Benchmarking Large-Scale Scene Reconstruction. In ACM Transactions on Graphics.","DOI":"10.1145\/3072959.3073599"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Cambricon-d: Full-network differential acceleration for diffusion models. In ISCA.","author":"Kong Weihao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Weihao Kong, Yifan Hao, Qi Guo, Yongwei Zhao, Xinkai Song, Xiaqing Li, Mo Zou, Zidong Du, Rui Zhang, Chang Liu, et al., 2024. Cambricon-d: Full-network differential acceleration for diffusion models. In ISCA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","unstructured":"Kwok Kevin. 2025. WebGL 3D Gaussian Splat Viewer. https:\/\/github.com\/antimatter15\/splat."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Joseph Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica.","author":"Kwon Woosuk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Woosuk Kwon, Zhuohan Li, Siyuan Zhuang, Ying Sheng, Lianmin Zheng, Cody Hao Yu, Joseph Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica. 2023. Efficient memory management for large language model serving with pagedattention. In SOSP."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"Hongseok Lee Gwangtae Park Wonhoon Park Wooyoung Jo Jongjun Park and Hoi-Jun Yoo. 2024b. A 66.6 FPS High Quality Gaussian Splats Rendering FPGA Processor with Reconfigurable Computation Architecture. In A-SSCC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"Neurex: A case for neural rendering acceleration. In ISCA.","author":"Lee Junseo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Junseo Lee, Kwanseok Choi, Jungi Lee, Seokwon Lee, Joonho Whangbo, and Jaewoong Sim. 2023. Neurex: A case for neural rendering acceleration. In ISCA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","unstructured":"Junseo Lee Jaisung Kim Junyong Park and Jaewoong Sim. 2025. VR-Pipe: Streamlining Hardware Graphics Pipeline for Volume Rendering. In HPCA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Gscore: Efficient radiance field rendering via architectural support for 3d gaussian splatting. In ASPLOS.","author":"Lee Junseo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Junseo Lee, Seokwon Lee, Jungi Lee, Junyong Park, and Jaewoong Sim. 2024a. Gscore: Efficient radiance field rendering via architectural support for 3d gaussian splatting. In ASPLOS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marc Levoy and Pat Hanrahan. 2023. Light field rendering. In Seminal Graphics Papers: Pushing the Boundaries.","DOI":"10.1145\/3596711.3596759"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","unstructured":"Patrick Lewis Ethan Perez Aleksandra Piktus Fabio Petroni Vladimir Karpukhin Naman Goyal Heinrich K\u00fcttler Mike Lewis Wen-tau Yih Tim Rockt\u00e4schel et al. 2020. Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive nlp tasks. In NeurIPS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","unstructured":"Chaojian Li Sixu Li Linrui Jiang Jingqun Zhang and Yingyan Celine Lin. 2025. Uni-Render: A Unified Accelerator for Real-Time Rendering Across Diverse Neural Renderers. In HPCA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3508352.3549380"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","unstructured":"Sixu Li Chaojian Li Wenbo Zhu Boyang Yu Yang Zhao Cheng Wan Haoran You Huihong Shi and Yingyan Lin. 2023. Instant-3d: Instant neural radiance field training towards on-device ar\/vr 3d reconstruction. In ISCA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","unstructured":"Sixu Li Yang Zhao Chaojian Li Bowei Guo Jingqun Zhang Wenbo Zhu Zhifan Ye Cheng Wan and Yingyan Celine Lin. 2024. Fusion-3D: Integrated Acceleration for Instant 3D Reconstruction and Real-Time Rendering. In MICRO."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","unstructured":"Yong Li and Wei Gao. 2019. DeltaVR: Achieving high-performance mobile VR dynamics through pixel reuse. In IPSN."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"Guoqing Harry Xu, and Ravi Netravali","author":"Li Yuanqi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yuanqi Li, Arthi Padmanabhan, Pengzhan Zhao, Yufei Wang, Guoqing Harry Xu, and Ravi Netravali. 2020. Reducto: On-camera filtering for resource-efficient real-time video analytics. In SIGCOMM."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","unstructured":"Weikai Lin Yu Feng and Yuhao Zhu. 2025. MetaSapiens: Real-Time Neural Rendering with Efficiency-Aware Pruning and Accelerated Foveated Rendering. In ASPLOS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","unstructured":"Aixin Liu Bei Feng Bin Wang Bingxuan Wang Bo Liu Chenggang Zhao Chengqi Dengr Chong Ruan Damai Dai Daya Guo et al. 2024a. Deepseek-v2: A strong economical and efficient mixture-of-experts language model. arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.04434 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","unstructured":"Tianbo Liu Xinkai Song Zhifei Yue Rui Wen Xing Hu Zhuoran Song Yuanbo Wen Yifan Hao Wei Li Zidong Du et al. 2025. Cambricon-SR: An Accelerator for Neural Scene Representation with Sparse Encoding Table. In ISCA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"Sora: A review on background, technology, limitations, and opportunities of large vision models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.17177","author":"Liu Yixin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yixin Liu, Kai Zhang, Yuan Li, Zhiling Yan, Chujie Gao, Ruoxi Chen, Zhengqing Yuan, Yue Huang, Hanchi Sun, Jianfeng Gao, et al., 2024b. Sora: A review on background, technology, limitations, and opportunities of large vision models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.17177 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Se\u00e1n K Martin Se\u00e1n Bruton David Ganter and Michael Manzke. 2019. Synthesising light field volume visualisations using image warping in real-time. In VISIGRAPP.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-41590-7_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3373376.3378516"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","unstructured":"Meta. 2018. Facebook's CUDA extensions. https:\/\/github.com\/facebookarchive\/fbcuda."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","unstructured":"Meta. 2023. Meta Quest 3. https:\/\/www.meta.com\/quest\/quest-3\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","unstructured":"Meta. 2025. Ray-Ban Meta. https:\/\/www.meta.com\/ai-glasses\/ray-ban-meta."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","unstructured":"Microsoft. 2023. About HoloLens 2. https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/hololens\/hololens2-hardware"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","volume-title":"Nerf: Representing scenes as neural radiance fields for view synthesis. In ECCV.","author":"Mildenhall Ben","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ben Mildenhall, Pratul P Srinivasan, Matthew Tancik, Jonathan T Barron, Ravi Ramamoorthi, and Ren Ng. 2021. Nerf: Representing scenes as neural radiance fields for view synthesis. In ECCV."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1","unstructured":"Muhammad Husnain Mubarik Ramakrishna Kanungo Tobias Zirr and Rakesh Kumar. 2023. Hardware acceleration of neural graphics. In ISCA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas M\u00fcller Alex Evans Christoph Schied and Alexander Keller. 2022. Instant neural graphics primitives with a multiresolution hash encoding. In ACM Transactions on Graphics.","DOI":"10.1145\/3528223.3530127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naveen Muralimanohar Rajeev Balasubramonian and Norm Jouppi. 2007. Optimizing NUCA Organizations and Wiring Alternatives for Large Caches with CACTI 6.0. In MICRO.","DOI":"10.1109\/MICRO.2007.33"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_73_1","volume-title":"Soroush Abbasi Koohpayegani, and Hamed Pirsiavash.","author":"Navaneet KL","year":"2024","unstructured":"KL Navaneet, Kossar Pourahmadi Meibodi, Soroush Abbasi Koohpayegani, and Hamed Pirsiavash. 2024. CompGS: Smaller and Faster Gaussian Splatting with Vector Quantization. In ECCV."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_74_1","unstructured":"NVIDIA. 2023. NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin Series - A Giant Leap Forward for Robotics and Edge AI Applications. https:\/\/www.nvidia.com\/content\/dam\/en-zz\/Solutions\/gtcf21\/jetson-orin\/nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-technical-brief.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_75_1","unstructured":"NVIDIA. 2025. NVIDIA CUDA Core Compute Libraries (CCCL). https:\/\/github.com\/NVIDIA\/cccl."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_76_1","unstructured":"OpenAI. 2022. Introducing ChatGPT. https:\/\/openai.com\/index\/chatgpt\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_77_1","unstructured":"OpenAI. 2024. GPT-4 Technical Report. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.08774 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panagiotis Papantonakis Georgios Kopanas Bernhard Kerbl Alexandre Lanvin and George Drettakis. 2024. Reducing the memory footprint of 3d gaussian splatting. In PACMCGIT.","DOI":"10.1145\/3651282"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_79_1","volume-title":"Deltacnn: End-to-end cnn inference of sparse frame differences in videos. In CVPR.","author":"Parger Mathias","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mathias Parger, Chengcheng Tang, Christopher D Twigg, Cem Keskin, Robert Wang, and Markus Steinberger. 2022. Deltacnn: End-to-end cnn inference of sparse frame differences in videos. In CVPR."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_80_1","volume-title":"GCC: A 3DGS Inference Architecture with Gaussian-Wise and Cross-Stage Conditional Processing. In MICRO.","author":"Pei Minnan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Minnan Pei, Gang Li, Junwen Si, Zeyu Zhu, Zitao Mo, Peisong Wang, Zhuoran Song, Xiaoyao Liang, and Jian Cheng. 2025. GCC: A 3DGS Inference Architecture with Gaussian-Wise and Cross-Stage Conditional Processing. In MICRO."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_81_1","unstructured":"PICO. 2024. PICO 4 Ultra Specs. https:\/\/www.picoxr.com\/global\/products\/pico4-ultra\/specs."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_82_1","unstructured":"Pimax. 2023. Pimax Crystal. https:\/\/pimax.com\/pages\/crystal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas Porter and Tom Duff. 1984. Compositing digital images. In ACM SIGGRAPH.","DOI":"10.1145\/964965.808606"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_84_1","unstructured":"Guocheng Qian Jinjie Mai Abdullah Hamdi Jian Ren Aliaksandr Siarohin Bing Li Hsin-Ying Lee Ivan Skorokhodov Peter Wonka Sergey Tulyakov et al. 2024. Magic123: One Image to High-Quality 3D Object Generation Using Both 2D and 3D Diffusion Priors. In ICLR."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_85_1","volume-title":"Kilonerf: Speeding up neural radiance fields with thousands of tiny mlps. In ICCV.","author":"Reiser Christian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Christian Reiser, Songyou Peng, Yiyi Liao, and Andreas Geiger. 2021. Kilonerf: Speeding up neural radiance fields with thousands of tiny mlps. In ICCV."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robin Rombach Andreas Blattmann Dominik Lorenz Patrick Esser and Bj\u00f6rn Ommer. 2022. High-resolution image synthesis with latent diffusion models. In CVPR.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_87_1","volume-title":"Baas","author":"Sarangi Satyabrata","year":"2021","unstructured":"Satyabrata Sarangi and Bevan M. Baas. 2021. DeepScaleTool: A Tool for the Accurate Estimation of Technology Scaling in the Deep-Submicron Era. In ISCAS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andre Schollmeyer Simon Schneegans Stephan Beck Anthony Steed and Bernd Froehlich. 2017. Efficient hybrid image warping for high frame-rate stereoscopic rendering. In TVCG.","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2017.2657078"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_89_1","volume-title":"Cambricon-r: A fully fused accelerator for real-time learning of neural scene representation. In MICRO.","author":"Song Xinkai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xinkai Song, Yuanbo Wen, Xing Hu, Tianbo Liu, Haoxuan Zhou, Husheng Han, Tian Zhi, Zidong Du, Wei Li, Rui Zhang, et al., 2023. Cambricon-r: A fully fused accelerator for real-time learning of neural scene representation. In MICRO."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhuoran Song Houshu He Fangxin Liu Yifan Hao Xinkai Song Li Jiang and Xiaoyao Liang. 2024a. SRender: Boosting Neural Radiance Field Efficiency via Sensitivity-Aware Dynamic Precision Rendering. In MICRO.","DOI":"10.1109\/MICRO61859.2024.00046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_91_1","volume-title":"Cmc: Video transformer acceleration via codec assisted matrix condensing. In ASPLOS.","author":"Song Zhuoran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhuoran Song, Chunyu Qi, Fangxin Liu, Naifeng Jing, and Xiaoyao Liang. 2024b. Cmc: Video transformer acceleration via codec assisted matrix condensing. In ASPLOS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhuoran Song Feiyang Wu Xueyuan Liu Jing Ke Naifeng Jing and Xiaoyao Liang. 2020. VR-DANN: Real-time video recognition via decoder-assisted neural network acceleration. In MICRO.","DOI":"10.1109\/MICRO50266.2020.00063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_93_1","unstructured":"Sony Interactive Entertainment (SIE). 2023. PlayStation VR2 Tech Specs. https:\/\/www.playstation.com\/en-us\/ps-vr2\/ps-vr2-tech-specs\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ra\u00fal Taranco Jos\u00e9-Mar\u00eda Arnau and Antonio Gonz\u00e1lez. 2023. \u03b4LTA: Decoupling Camera Sampling from Processing to Avoid Redundant Computations in the Vision Pipeline. In MICRO.","DOI":"10.1145\/3613424.3614261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_95_1","volume-title":"Llama: Open and efficient foundation language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.13971","author":"Touvron Hugo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hugo Touvron, Thibaut Lavril, Gautier Izacard, Xavier Martinet, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Timoth\u00e9e Lacroix, Baptiste Rozi\u00e8re, Naman Goyal, Eric Hambro, Faisal Azhar, et al., 2023. Llama: Open and efficient foundation language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.13971 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turki Haithem and Ramanan Deva and Satyanarayanan Mahadev. 2022. Mega-NERF: Scalable Construction of Large-Scale NeRFs for Virtual Fly-Throughs. In CVPR.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01258"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_97_1","unstructured":"Varjo. 2024. Varjo Aero. https:\/\/varjo.com\/products\/aero\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_98_1","volume-title":"Clark","author":"Vashishtha Vinay","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vinay Vashishtha, Manoj Vangala, and Lawrence T. Clark. 2017. ASAP7 predictive design kit development and cell design technology co-optimization: Invited paper. In ICCAD."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michael Waechter Nils Moehrle and Michael Goesele. 2014. Let there be color! Large-scale texturing of 3D reconstructions. In ECCV.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10602-1_54"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jialin Wang Rongkai Shi Zehui Xiao Xueying Qin and Hai-Ning Liang. 2022. Effect of render resolution on gameplay experience performance and simulator sickness in virtual reality games. In PACMCGIT.","DOI":"10.1109\/VRW55335.2022.00122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2023.3247057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daniel N Wood Daniel I Azuma Ken Aldinger Brian Curless Tom Duchamp David H Salesin and Werner Stuetzle. 2023. Surface light fields for 3D photography. In Seminal Graphics Papers: Pushing the Boundaries.","DOI":"10.1145\/3596711.3596763"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_103_1","unstructured":"Lizhou Wu Haozhe Zhu Siqi He Jiapei Zheng Chixiao Chen and Xiaoyang Zeng. 2024. GauSPU: 3D Gaussian Splatting Processor for Real-Time SLAM Systems. In MICRO."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_104_1","unstructured":"Zhifan Ye Yonggan Fu Jingqun Zhang Leshu Li Yongan Zhang Sixu Li Cheng Wan Chenxi Wan Chaojian Li Sreemanth Prathipati et al. 2025. Gaussian Blending Unit: An Edge GPU Plug-in for Real-Time Gaussian-Based Rendering in AR\/VR. In HPCA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_105_1","volume-title":"Sandeepa Bhuyan, Mahmut T Kandemir, Anand Sivasubramaniam, and Chita R Das.","author":"Ying Ziyu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ziyu Ying, Shulin Zhao, Haibo Zhang, Cyan Subhra Mishra, Sandeepa Bhuyan, Mahmut T Kandemir, Anand Sivasubramaniam, and Chita R Das. 2022. Exploiting frame similarity for efficient inference on edge devices. In ICDCS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_106_1","volume-title":"Xi Victoria Lin, et al","author":"Zhang Susan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Susan Zhang, Stephen Roller, Naman Goyal, Mikel Artetxe, Moya Chen, Shuohui Chen, Christopher Dewan, Mona Diab, Xian Li, Xi Victoria Lin, et al., 2022. Opt: Open pre-trained transformer language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2205.01068 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_107_1","volume-title":"Ziyu Ying, Mahmut T Kandemir, Anand Sivasubramaniam, and Chita R Das.","author":"Zhao Shulin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shulin Zhao, Haibo Zhang, Sandeepa Bhuyan, Cyan Subhra Mishra, Ziyu Ying, Mahmut T Kandemir, Anand Sivasubramaniam, and Chita R Das. 2020. D\u00e9ja view: Spatio-temporal compute reuse for energy-efficient 360 vr video streaming. In ISCA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_108_1","volume-title":"Euphrates: Algorithm-SoC Co-Design for Low-Power Mobile Continuous Vision. In ISCA.","author":"Zhu Yuhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yuhao Zhu, Anand Samajdar, Matthew Mattina, and Paul Whatmough. 2018. Euphrates: Algorithm-SoC Co-Design for Low-Power Mobile Continuous Vision. In ISCA."}],"event":{"name":"ASPLOS '26: 31st ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","location":"Pittsburgh PA USA","sponsor":["SIGOPS ACM Special Interest Group on Operating Systems","SIGPLAN ACM Special Interest Group on Programming Languages","SIGARCH ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture","SIGBED ACM Special Interest Group on Embedded Systems"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 2"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T13:58:12Z","timestamp":1773583092000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3779212.3790192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"references-count":108,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3779212.3790192","10.1145\/3779212"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3779212.3790192","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}