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Inf. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Federated recommendation aims to collect global knowledge by aggregating local models from massive devices, to provide recommendations while ensuring privacy. Current methods mainly leverage aggregation functions invented by federated vision community to aggregate parameters from similar clients, e.g., clustering aggregation. Despite considerable performance, we argue that it is suboptimal to apply them to federated recommendation directly. This is mainly reflected in the disparate model structures. Different from structured parameters like convolutional neural networks in federated vision, federated recommender models usually distinguish itself by employing one-to-one item embedding table. Such a discrepancy induces the challenging\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">embedding skew<\/jats:italic>\n                    issue, which continually updates the trained embeddings but ignores the non-trained ones during aggregation, thus failing to predict future items accurately. To this end, we propose a personalized Federated recommendation model with Composite Aggregation (FedCA), which not only aggregates\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">similar<\/jats:italic>\n                    clients to enhance trained embeddings but also aggregates\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">complementary<\/jats:italic>\n                    clients to update non-trained embeddings. Besides, we formulate the overall learning process into a unified optimization algorithm to jointly learn the similarity and complementarity. Extensive experiments on several real-world datasets substantiate the effectiveness of our proposed model. Our code is available at\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/hongleizhang\/FedCA\">https:\/\/github.com\/hongleizhang\/FedCA<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3779442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T14:42:55Z","timestamp":1764945775000},"page":"1-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Beyond Similarity: Personalized Federated Recommendation with Composite Aggregation"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3840-4815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Honglei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Big Data &amp; Artificial Intelligence in Transportation, Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3620-3769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoxuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1521-6474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jundong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9517-1923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sen","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9248-1159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kunda","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5609-606X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abudukelimu","family":"Wuerkaixi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0948-8033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7626-7295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiqi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2965-6196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yidong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Big Data &amp; Artificial Intelligence in Transportation, Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Muhammad Ammad-Ud-Din Elena Ivannikova Suleiman A. 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