{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T23:18:21Z","timestamp":1784675901102,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":91,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3780045.3780052","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T22:42:49Z","timestamp":1771627369000},"page":"56-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Friend or Therapist? A Systematic Literature Review on Chatbots and Mental Health in Young People"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3309-2082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Negin","family":"Hashmati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7456-2397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ther\u00e9se","family":"Skoog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2351-0604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Obaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2567-2535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thommy","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jennifer Apolin\u00e1rio-Hagen Jessica Kemper and Carolina St\u00fcrmer. 2017. Public Acceptability of E-Mental Health Treatment Services for Psychological Problems: A Scoping Review. JMIR Ment Health 4 2 (2017) e10.","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.6186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filip\u00a0K. Arnberg Steven\u00a0J. Linton Monica Hultcrantz Emelie Heintz and Ulf Jonsson. 2014. Internet-Delivered Psychological Treatments for Mood and Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review of Their Efficacy Safety and Cost-Effectiveness. PLOS ONE 9 5 (2014) e98118.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098118"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445318"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3514197.3549675"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandhya Bhatt. 2025. Digital mental health: Role of artificial intelligence in psychotherapy. Annals of Neurosciences 32 2 (2025) 117\u2013127.","DOI":"10.1177\/09727531231221612"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580774"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_8_2","volume-title":"Rapid Analysis - Character AI & Children","author":"Blake Annabel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Annabel Blake, Marcus Carter, and Eduardo Velloso. 2025. Rapid Analysis - Character AI & Children. Report."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarah-Jayne Blakemore. 2019. Adolescence and mental health. The lancet 393 10185 (2019) 2030\u20132031.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31013-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Susan Bluck. 2003. Autobiographical memory: Exploring its functions in everyday life. Memory 11 2 (2003) 113\u2013123.","DOI":"10.1080\/741938206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581427"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_12_2","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","author":"Cox Samuel\u00a0Rhys","year":"2023","unstructured":"Samuel\u00a0Rhys Cox, Yi-Chieh Lee, and Wei\u00a0Tsang Ooi. 2023. Comparing How a Chatbot References User Utterances from Previous Chatting Sessions: An Investigation of Users\u2019 Privacy Concerns and Perceptions. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction. 105\u2013114."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emmelyn\u00a0AJ Croes and Marjolijn\u00a0L Antheunis. 2021. Can we be friends with Mitsuku? A longitudinal study on the process of relationship formation between humans and a social chatbot. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 38 1 (2021) 279\u2013300.","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407520959463"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guoqiang Cui Barbara Lockee and Cuiqing Meng. 2013. Building modern online social presence: A review of social presence theory and its instructional design implications for future trends. Education and information technologies 18 4 (2013) 661\u2013685.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-012-9192-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3431656.3431657"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andreas Demetriou and Karin Bakracevic. 2009. Reasoning and self-awareness from adolescence to middle age: Organization and development as a function of education. Learning and Individual Differences 19 2 (2009) 181\u2013194.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2008.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilly Dosovitsky and Eduardo Bunge. 2023. Development of a chatbot for depression: adolescent perceptions and recommendations. Child and adolescent mental health 28 1 (2023) 124\u2013127.","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12627"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C\u00e9sar\u00a0G Escobar-Viera Giovanna Porta Robert\u00a0WS Coulter Jamie Martina Jeremy Goldbach and Bruce\u00a0L Rollman. 2023. A chatbot-delivered intervention for optimizing social media use and reducing perceived isolation among rural-living LGBTQ+ youth: development acceptability usability satisfaction and utility. Internet Interventions 34 (2023) 100668.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2023.100668"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katrin\u00a0E Fabian Katherine\u00a0T Foster Lydia Chwastiak Morgan Turner and Bradley\u00a0H Wagenaar. 2023. Adapting a transdiagnostic digital mental health intervention for use among immigrant and refugee youth in Seattle: a human-centered design approach. Translational Behavioral Medicine 13 11 (2023) 867\u2013875.","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibad041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pedro\u00a0Guillermo Feij\u00f3o-Garc\u00eda Chase Wrenn Alexandre Gomes\u00a0de Siqueira Rashi Ghosh Jacob Stuart Heng Yao and Benjamin Lok. 2024. Exploring the Effects of User-Agent and User-Designer Similarity in Virtual Human Design to Promote Mental Health Intentions for College Students. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception 22 1 (2024) 1\u201341.","DOI":"10.1145\/3689822"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pedro\u00a0Guillermo Feij\u00f3o-Garc\u00eda Chase Wrenn Jacob Stuart Alexandre\u00a0Gomes De\u00a0Siqueira and Benjamin Lok. 2023. Participatory design of virtual humans for mental health support among North American computer science students: Voice appearance and the similarity-attraction effect. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception 20 3 (2023) 1\u201327.","DOI":"10.1145\/3613961"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3687272.3688326"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3472306.3478367"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kathleen\u00a0Kara Fitzpatrick Alison Darcy and Molly Vierhile. 2017. Delivering cognitive behavior therapy to young adults with symptoms of depression and anxiety using a fully automated conversational agent (Woebot): a randomized controlled trial. JMIR mental health 4 2 (2017) e7785.","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.7785"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russell Fulmer Angela Joerin Breanna Gentile Lysanne Lakerink Michiel Rauws et\u00a0al. 2018. Using psychological artificial intelligence (Tess) to relieve symptoms of depression and anxiety: randomized controlled trial. JMIR mental health 5 4 (2018) e9782.","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.9782"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elton\u00a0Fayiah Gbollie Jason Bantjes Lucy Jarvis Sonja Swandevelder Jean Du\u00a0Plessis Richard Shadwell Charl Davids Rone Gerber Nuhaa Holland and Xanthe Hunt. 2023. Intention to use digital mental health solutions: A cross-sectional survey of university students attitudes and perceptions toward online therapy mental health apps and chatbots. Digital Health 9 (2023) 20552076231216559.","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076231216559"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christine Grov\u00e9. 2021. Co-developing a mental health and wellbeing chatbot with and for young people. Frontiers in psychiatry 11 (2021) 606041.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.606041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuhao He Li Yang Xiaokun Zhu Bin Wu Shuo Zhang Chunlian Qian and Tian Tian. 2022. Mental health chatbot for young adults with depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: single-blind three-arm randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research 24 11 (2022) e40719.","DOI":"10.2196\/40719"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katherine Hopman Deborah Richards and Melissa\u00a0M Norberg. 2023. A digital coach to promote emotion regulation skills. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 7 6 (2023) 57.","DOI":"10.3390\/mti7060057"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3702386.3702399"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yiting Huang and Hanyun Huang. 2025. Exploring the effect of attachment on technology addiction to generative AI chatbots: A structural equation modeling analysis. International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction 41 15 (2025) 9440\u20139449.","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2024.2426029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Annie Kang Sarah Hetrick Tania Cargo Sarah Hopkins Nicola Ludin Sarah Bodmer Kiani Stevenson Chester Holt-Quick and Karolina Stasiak. 2023. Exploring Young Adults\u2019 Views About Aroha a Chatbot for Stress Associated With the COVID-19 Pandemic: Interview Study Among Students. JMIR Formative Research 7 (2023) e44556.","DOI":"10.2196\/44556"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyoung Kang and Munpyo Hong. 2025. Development and Evaluation of a Mental Health Chatbot Using ChatGPT 4.0: Mixed Methods User Experience Study With Korean Users. JMIR Medical Informatics 13 (2025) e63538.","DOI":"10.2196\/63538"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanis\u0142aw Karkosz Robert Szyma\u0144ski Katarzyna Sanna Jaros\u0142aw Micha\u0142owski et\u00a0al. 2024. Effectiveness of a web-based and mobile therapy chatbot on anxiety and depressive symptoms in subclinical young adults: randomized controlled trial. JMIR formative research 8 1 (2024) e47960.","DOI":"10.2196\/47960"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liam Kettle and Yi-Ching Lee. 2024. User experiences of well-being chatbots. Human Factors 66 6 (2024) 1703\u20131723.","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208231162453"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642937"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376743"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maria\u00a0Carolina Klos Milagros Escoredo Angela Joerin Viviana\u00a0Noemi Lemos Michiel Rauws and Eduardo\u00a0L Bunge. 2021. Artificial intelligence\u2013based chatbot for anxiety and depression in university students: pilot randomized controlled trial. JMIR formative research 5 8 (2021) e20678.","DOI":"10.2196\/20678"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Theodora Koulouri Robert\u00a0D Macredie and David Olakitan. 2022. Chatbots to support young adults\u2019 mental health: an exploratory study of acceptability. ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS) 12 2 (2022) 1\u201339.","DOI":"10.1145\/3485874"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3678957.3685759"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammad\u00a0Amin Kuhail Nazik Alturki Justin Thomas and Amal\u00a0K Alkhalifa. 2024. Human vs. AI counseling: College students\u2019 perspectives. Computers in Human Behavior Reports 16 (2024) 100534.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2024.100534"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liliana Laranjo Adam\u00a0G. Dunn Huong\u00a0Ly Tong Ahmet\u00a0Baki Kocaballi Jessica Chen Rabia Bashir Didi Surian Blanca Gallego Farah Magrabi Annie Y.\u00a0S. Lau and Enrico Coiera. 2018. Conversational agents in healthcare: a systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 25 9 (2018) 1248\u20131258.","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocy072"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300932"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yi-Chieh Lee Naomi Yamashita and Yun Huang. 2020. Designing a chatbot as a mediator for promoting deep self-disclosure to a real mental health professional. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 4 CSCW1 (2020) 1\u201327.","DOI":"10.1145\/3392836"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yi-Chieh Lee Naomi Yamashita and Yun Huang. 2021. Exploring the effects of incorporating human experts to deliver journaling guidance through a chatbot. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5 CSCW1 (2021) 1\u201327.","DOI":"10.1145\/3449196"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376175"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3516492.3559064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han Li Renwen Zhang Yi-Chieh Lee Robert\u00a0E. Kraut and David\u00a0C. Mohr. 2023. Systematic review and meta-analysis of AI-based conversational agents for promoting mental health and well-being. npj Digital Medicine 6 1 (2023) 236.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00979-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3543829.3543838"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicola Ludin Chester Holt-Quick Sarah Hopkins Karolina Stasiak Sarah Hetrick Jim Warren and Tania Cargo. 2022. A chatbot to support young people during the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand: evaluation of the real-world rollout of an open trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 24 11 (2022) e38743.","DOI":"10.2196\/38743"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bethanie Maples Merve Cerit Aditya Vishwanath and Roy Pea. 2024. Loneliness and suicide mitigation for students using GPT3-enabled chatbots. npj Mental Health Research 3 1 (2024) 4.","DOI":"10.1038\/s44184-023-00047-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Audrey Mariamo Caroline\u00a0Elizabeth Temcheff Pierre-Majorique L\u00e9ger Sylvain Senecal Marianne\u00a0Alexandra Lau et\u00a0al. 2021. Emotional reactions and likelihood of response to questions designed for a mental health chatbot among adolescents: experimental study. JMIR human factors 8 1 (2021) e24343.","DOI":"10.2196\/24343"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marianne\u00a0Schmid Mast Judith\u00a0A Hall and Debra\u00a0L Roter. 2007. Disentangling physician sex and physician communication style: their effects on patient satisfaction in a virtual medical visit. Patient education and counseling 68 1 (2007) 16\u201322.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2007.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jingbo Meng Minjin Rheu Yue Zhang Yue Dai and Wei Peng. 2023. Mediated social support for distress reduction: AI Chatbots vs. Human. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7 CSCW1 (2023) 1\u201325.","DOI":"10.1145\/3579505"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pekka Mertala Sonsoles L\u00f3pez-Pernas Henriikka Vartiainen Mohammed Saqr and Matti Tedre. 2024. Digital natives in the scientific literature: A topic modeling approach. Computers in Human Behavior 152 (2024) 108076.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.108076"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3675094.3678498"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"David Moher Alessandro Liberati Jennifer Tetzlaff Douglas\u00a0G Altman Prisma Group et\u00a0al. 2010. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. International journal of surgery 8 5 (2010) 336\u2013341.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clifford Nass and Youngme Moon. 2000. Machines and mindlessness: Social responses to computers. Journal of social issues 56 1 (2000) 81\u2013103.","DOI":"10.1111\/0022-4537.00153"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_59_2","unstructured":"Gina Neff and Peter Nagy. 2016. Talking to bots: symbiotic agency and the case of Tay. International journal of communication (Online) (2016) 4915."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shreeya Nelekar Amal Abdulrahman Manik Gupta and Deborah Richards. 2022. Effectiveness of embodied conversational agents for managing academic stress at an Indian University (ARU) during COVID-19. British Journal of Educational Technology 53 3 (2022) 491\u2013511.","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13174"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ginger Nicol Ruoyun Wang Sharon Graham Sherry Dodd Jane Garbutt et\u00a0al. 2022. Chatbot-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy in adolescents with depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: feasibility and acceptability study. JMIR Formative Research 6 11 (2022) e40242.","DOI":"10.2196\/40242"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/8125.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tina\u00a0M Olsson and Ther\u00e9se Skoog. 2025. Differences in wellbeing patterns among late adolescent boys and girls with and without experience of out-of-home care. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies (2025) 1\u201320.","DOI":"10.1080\/17450128.2025.2548227"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shuyi Pan and Yi Mou. 2024. Constructing the meaning of human\u2013AI romantic relationships from the perspectives of users dating the social chatbot Replika. Personal Relationships 31 4 (2024) 1090\u20131112.","DOI":"10.1111\/pere.12572"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3571884.3597142"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yue Qi. 2025. Pilot quasi-experimental research on the effectiveness of the Woebot AI chatbot for reducing mild depression symptoms among athletes. International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction 41 1 (2025) 452\u2013459.","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2023.2301256"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samira Rasouli Moojan Ghafurian Elizabeth\u00a0S Nilsen and Kerstin Dautenhahn. 2024. University students\u2019 opinions on using intelligent agents to cope with stress and anxiety in social situations. Computers in Human Behavior 153 (2024) 108072.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.108072"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3373017.3373065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Debra\u00a0J Rickwood Kelly\u00a0R Mazzer and Nic\u00a0R Telford. 2015. Social influences on seeking help from mental health services in-person and online during adolescence and young adulthood. BMC psychiatry 15 1 (2015) 40.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0429-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erin Roehrer Panatchakorn Pokawinkoon Paul Watters James\u00a0D Sauer and Joel Scanlan. 2024. Adolescent-Centric Design of an Online Safety Chatbot. Journal of Computer Information Systems (2024) 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1080\/08874417.2024.2401991"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayanda Rogge. 2023. Defining Designing and Distinguishing Artificial Companions: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Social Robotics 15 9 (2023) 1557\u20131579.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-023-01031-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alicia Salamanca-Sanabria Ahmad\u00a0Ishqi Jabir Xiaowen Lin Aishah Alattas A\u00a0Baki Kocaballi Jimmy Lee Tobias Kowatsch and Lorainne Tudor\u00a0Car. 2023. Exploring the perceptions of mHealth interventions for the prevention of common mental disorders in university students in Singapore: qualitative study. Journal of medical internet research 25 (2023) e44542.","DOI":"10.2196\/44542"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anita Schick Jasper Feine Stefan Morana Alexander Maedche and Ulrich Reininghaus. 2022. Validity of chatbot use for mental health assessment: experimental study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 10 10 (2022) e28082.","DOI":"10.2196\/28082"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3429360.3468177"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marita Skjuve Asbj\u00f8rn F\u00f8lstad Knut\u00a0Inge Fostervold and Petter\u00a0Bae Brandtzaeg. 2022. A longitudinal study of human\u2013chatbot relationships. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 168 (2022) 102903.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2022.102903"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anja Thieme Danielle Belgrave and Gavin Doherty. 2020. Machine Learning in Mental Health: A Systematic Review of the HCI Literature to Support the Development of Effective and Implementable ML Systems. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 27 5 (2020).","DOI":"10.1145\/3398069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"John Torous Sandra Bucci Imogen\u00a0H. Bell Lars\u00a0V. Kessing Maria Faurholt-Jepsen Pauline Whelan Andre\u00a0F. Carvalho Matcheri Keshavan Jake Linardon and Joseph Firth. 2021. The growing field of digital psychiatry: current evidence and the future of apps social media chatbots and virtual reality. World Psychiatry 20 3 (2021) 318\u2013335.","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20883"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EDUCON.2018.8363388"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3679318.3685343"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amy\u00a0JC Trappey Aislyn\u00a0PC Lin Kevin\u00a0YK Hsu Charles\u00a0V Trappey and Kevin\u00a0LK Tu. 2022. Development of an empathy-centric counseling chatbot system capable of sentimental dialogue analysis. Processes 10 5 (2022) 930.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr10050930"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dana Vertsberger Navot Naor Mir\u00e8ne Winsberg et\u00a0al. 2022. Adolescents\u2019 well-being while using a mobile artificial intelligence\u2013powered acceptance commitment therapy tool: evidence from a longitudinal study. Jmir Ai 1 1 (2022) e38171.","DOI":"10.2196\/38171"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anna Viduani Victor Cosenza Helen\u00a0L Fisher Claudia Buchweitz Jader Piccin Rivka Pereira Brandon\u00a0A Kohrt Valeria Mondelli Alastair van Heerden Ricardo\u00a0Matsumura Ara\u00fajo et\u00a0al. 2023. Assessing mood with the identifying depression early in adolescence Chatbot (IDEABot): development and implementation study. JMIR human factors 10 (2023) e44388.","DOI":"10.2196\/44388"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_83_2","unstructured":"Emily\u00a0A Vogels Risa Gelles-Watnick and Navid Massarat. 2022. Teens social media and technology 2022. Pew Research Center 10 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3640543.3645195"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3678884.3681843"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruth Williams Sarah Hopkins Chris Frampton Chester Holt-Quick Sally\u00a0Nicola Merry and Karolina Stasiak. 2021. 21-day stress detox: open trial of a universal well-being chatbot for young adults. Social Sciences 10 11 (2021) 416.","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci10110416"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_87_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2024. Mental health of adolescents. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/adolescent-mental-health. Accessed: 2025-04-28."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aimee-Rose Wrightson-Hester Georgia Anderson Joel Dunstan Peter\u00a0M McEvoy Christopher\u00a0J Sutton Bronwyn Myers Sarah Egan Sara Tai Melanie Johnston-Hollitt Wai Chen et\u00a0al. 2023. An artificial therapist (Manage Your Life Online) to support the mental health of youth: Co-design and case series. JMIR Human Factors 10 (2023) e46849.","DOI":"10.2196\/46849"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kenji Yokotani Gen Takagi and Kobun Wakashima. 2018. Advantages of virtual agents over clinical psychologists during comprehensive mental health interviews using a mixed methods design. Computers in human behavior 85 (2018) 135\u2013145.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.03.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3514197.3549686"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642574"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3472306.3478345"}],"event":{"name":"AlpCHI 2026: 1st International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction in the Alps","location":"Ascona Switzerland","acronym":"AlpCHI 2026"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction in the Alps"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3780045.3780052","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T22:44:13Z","timestamp":1772923453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3780045.3780052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3780045.3780052","10.1145\/3780045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3780045.3780052","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}