{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T10:34:46Z","timestamp":1777113286817,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":58,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3785022.3785081","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T09:39:01Z","timestamp":1777109941000},"page":"369-379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Expanding Design Heuristics for Supporting Impasse-Driven Learning in a Puzzle Video Game Using a Problem-Solving Framework and Multimodal Network Models"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5193-7501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zack","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1978-5453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2014-0313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"DeLiema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0392-7659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panayiota","family":"Kendeou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1279-2829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Bernacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9613-5740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Williamson","family":"Shaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706468.3706522"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EDUCON.2017.7942988"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18608\/jla.2022.7633"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3402942.3403025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3649921.3650021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsc.2018.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315171371-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10508406.2013.836655"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2460296.2460316"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2007.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2024.105042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18608\/jla.2021.7371"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","volume-title":"The Chemistry Of Game Design. Retrieved","author":"Cook Daniel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Daniel Cook. The Chemistry Of Game Design. Retrieved September 9, 2025 from https:\/\/www.gamedeveloper.com\/design\/the-chemistry-of-game-design"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","volume-title":"Uncertainty in Games","author":"Costikyan Greg","unstructured":"Greg Costikyan. 2013. Uncertainty in Games. The MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3650115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of the Learning Sciences - ICLS 2022, Carol Chinn, Edna Tan, Chan Chan, and Yael Kali (Eds.). International Society of the Learning Sciences, 1421\u20131424","author":"DeLiema David","year":"2022","unstructured":"David DeLiema, Megan Goeke, Basal Hussein, Jesslyn Valerie, Craig G. Anderson, Keisha Varma, Bodong Chen, Shima Salehi, and Matthew Bernacki. 2022. Playful learning following deviations: A mixture of tinkering, causal explanations, and revision rationales. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of the Learning Sciences - ICLS 2022, Carol Chinn, Edna Tan, Chan Chan, and Yael Kali (Eds.). International Society of the Learning Sciences, 1421\u20131424."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07370008.2022.2118279"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/985921.986102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02774-1_60"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2011.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0093599"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7086"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.12992"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3472538.3472569"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-016-0745-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2304\/elea.2005.2.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-022-02040-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00400599221115627"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","volume-title":"The Art of Failure: An Essay on the Pain of Playing Video Games","author":"Juul Jesper","unstructured":"Jesper Juul. 2013. The Art of Failure: An Essay on the Pain of Playing Video Games. The MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07370000802212669"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18608\/jla.2022.7929"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvlc.2004.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2658537.2658695"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.022.104462"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18608\/jla.2020.73.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26503\/dl.v2011i1.518"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/142750.142834"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.103.2.241"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","unstructured":"V. E. Owen and R. S. Baker. 2019. Learning analytics for games. In Handbook of Game-Based Learning B. D. Homer J. L. Plass and R. E. Mayer (eds.). MIT Press 513\u2013535."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11251-024-09674-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1357054.1357282"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2015.1122533"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400828678"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctt2005rgq.16"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_2","volume-title":"The art of game design : a book of lenses","author":"Schell Jesse","unstructured":"Jesse Schell. 2015. The art of game design : a book of lenses. CRC Press, Boca Raton."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18608\/jla.2025.8423"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/978-1-61735-410-620251025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_50_2","volume-title":"Mudrick","author":"Taub Michelle","year":"2020","unstructured":"Michelle Taub, Roger Azevedo, Amanda E. Bradbury, and Nicholas V. Mudrick. 2020. Self-regulation and reflection during game-based learning. In Handbook of game-based learning. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, US, 239\u2013262."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2968120.2987729"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-6350-7_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532690XCI2103_01"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3636555.3636907"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706468.3706538"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10508406.2020.1817747"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3337722.3337749"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_58_2","unstructured":"The 400 Project. Retrieved September 9 2025 from https:\/\/finitearts.com\/Pages\/400page.html"}],"event":{"name":"LAK 2026: LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","location":"Bergen Norway","acronym":"LAK 2026"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T09:42:09Z","timestamp":1777110129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3785022.3785081"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3785022.3785081","10.1145\/3785022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3785022.3785081","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}