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Although recent techniques that derive passing compilation configurations from failing ones have partially alleviated these limitations, substantial room for improvement remains. In this study, we propose\n                    <jats:sc>MultiConf<\/jats:sc>\n                    , a novel approach that automatically isolates compiler faults by constructing multiple pairs of adversarial compilation configurations. Each adversarial compilation configuration pair consists of a failing configuration and its corresponding passing configuration, which differ in only a small number of fine-grained options.\n                    <jats:sc>MultiConf<\/jats:sc>\n                    generates failing configurations through a lightweight construction process and derives the corresponding passing configurations by selectively disabling bug-related fine-grained options. We then employ a Spectrum-Based Fault Localization (SBFL) formula to rank the suspiciousness of compiler source files. Each adversarial configuration pair independently produces a ranking, which is subsequently aggregated using a weighted voting scheme to derive a final suspiciousness ranking, enabling more accurate and robust fault localization. We evaluate\n                    <jats:sc>MultiConf<\/jats:sc>\n                    on a benchmark of 60 real-world GCC compiler bugs. The results demonstrate that\n                    <jats:sc>MultiConf<\/jats:sc>\n                    significantly outperforms existing compiler fault localization techniques in both effectiveness and efficiency. In particular,\n                    <jats:sc>MultiConf<\/jats:sc>\n                    successfully localizes 27 out of 60 bugs at the Top-1 file level, representing improvements of 35.0% and 28.6% over the two state-of-the-art approaches,\n                    <jats:sc>Odfl<\/jats:sc>\n                    (20) and\n                    <jats:sc>Basic<\/jats:sc>\n                    (21), respectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3786786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T11:23:27Z","timestamp":1767612207000},"page":"1-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Isolating Compiler Faults via Multiple Pairs of Adversarial Compilation Configurations"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5666-2158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingyang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1153-2013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yibiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5617-2205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maolin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9932-7315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiangchang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8297-8998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingkai","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4645-2526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuming","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"GNU. 2023. 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