{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T14:54:01Z","timestamp":1781794441058,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":28,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3787109.3815203","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T14:17:19Z","timestamp":1781792239000},"page":"419-425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Approx-L: An Error-Balanced Approximate Floating-Point Divider with Multi-Level Linear Compensation"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7217-1712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao","family":"Shangshang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Defense Technology, Zhengzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7202-1681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huidong","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1975-5414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Zuoning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Engineering, Wuxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Shangshang \"Approx-T: Design Methodology for Approximate Multiplication Units via Taylor-Expansion \" in IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems vol. 44 no. 8 pp. 2856-2869 Aug. 2025 doi: 10.1109\/TCAD.2025.3532845.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2025.3532845"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Di Meo D. De Caro L. Tegazzini E. Napoli and A. G. M. Strollo \"A novel approximate multiplier based on improved logarithmic and antilogarithmic conversions \" 2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) London United Kingdom 2025 pp. 1-4 doi: 10.1109\/ISCAS56072.2025.11044191.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS56072.2025.11044191"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X. Geng S. Liu H. Wang J. Han and H. Jiang \"Lookup Table Refactoring: Towards Efficient Logarithmic Number System Addition for Large Language Models \" 2025 Design Automation & Test in Europe Conference (DATE) Lyon France 2025 pp. 1-7 doi: 10.23919\/DATE64628.2025.10993215.","DOI":"10.23919\/DATE64628.2025.10993215"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Jiang F. J. H. Santiago H. Mo L. Liu and J. Han \u201cApproximate arithmetic circuits: A survey characterization and recent applications \u201d Proc. IEEE vol. 108 no. 12 pp. 2108\u20132135 Dec. 2020.","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2020.3006451"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_6_2","unstructured":"Nangate 45 Nm Open Cell Library. [Online]. Available: http:\/\/www.nangate.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O. G. Ratnaparkhi and M. Rao \u201cLEAD: Logarithmic Exponent Approximate Divider For Image Quantization Application \u201d in GLSVLSI\u201922 pp. 437\u2013442.","DOI":"10.1145\/3526241.3530323"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Saadat H. Javaid and S. Parameswaran \"Approximate Integer and Floating-Point Dividers with Near-Zero Error Bias \" 2019 56th ACM\/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC) Las Vegas NV USA 2019 pp. 1-6.","DOI":"10.1145\/3316781.3317773"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Wen H. Du Z. Chen L. Zhang Q. Sun and C. Zhuo \"PACE: A Piece-Wise Approximate and Configurable Floating - Point Divider for Energy - Efficient Computing \" 2024 Design Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE) Valencia Spain 2024 pp. 1-6 doi: 10.23919\/DATE58400.2024.10546711.","DOI":"10.23919\/DATE58400.2024.10546711"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Oelund and S. Kim \u201cILAFD: Accuracy-configurable floating-point divider using an approximate reciprocal and an iterative logarithmic multiplier \u201d in Proc. Great Lakes Symp. VLSI Knoxville TN USA Jun. 2023 pp. 639\u2013644 doi: 10.1145\/3583781.3590262.","DOI":"10.1145\/3583781.3590262"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Chen J. Han W. Liu and F. Lombardi \u201cOn the design of approximate restoring dividers for error-tolerant applications \u201d IEEE Trans. Comput. vol. 65 no. 8 pp. 2522\u20132533 Aug. 2016.","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2015.2494005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Chen J. Han W. Liu and F. Lombardi \u201cDesign of approximate unsigned integer non-restoring divider for inexact computing \u201d in Proc. 25th Great Lakes Symp. VLSI May 2015 pp. 51\u201356.","DOI":"10.1145\/2742060.2742063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Imani R. Garcia A. Huang and T. Rosing \"CADE: Configurable Approximate Divider for Energy Efficiency \" 2019 Design Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE) Florence Italy 2019 pp. 586-589 doi: 10.23919\/DATE.2019.8715112.","DOI":"10.23919\/DATE.2019.8715112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. J. Melchert et al. \u201cSAADI-EC: A Quality-Configurable Approximate Divider for Energy Efficiency \u201d IEEE Trans. on VLSI Systems vol. 27 no. 11 pp. 2680\u20132692 2019.","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2019.2926083"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T S. Vahdat M. Kamal A. Afzali-Kusha M. Pedram and Z. Navabi \u201cTruncApp: A truncation-based approximate divider for energy efficient DSP applications \u201d in Proc. Design Autom. Test Eur. Conf. Exhibition Mar. 2017 pp. 1635\u20131638 doi: 10.23919\/DATE.2017.7927254.","DOI":"10.23919\/DATE.2017.7927254"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Zendegani M. Kamal A. Fayyazi A. Afzali-Kusha S. Safari and M. Pedram \"SEERAD: A high speed yet energy-efficient rounding-based approximate divider \" 2016 Design Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE) Dresden Germany 2016 pp. 1481-1484..","DOI":"10.3850\/9783981537079_0521"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Chen J. Han W. Liu P. Montuschi and F. Lombardi \"Design Evaluation and Application of Approximate High-Radix Dividers \" in IEEE Transactions on Multi-Scale Computing Systems vol. 4 no. 3 pp. 299-312 1 July-Sept. 2018 doi: 10.1109\/TMSCS.2018.2817608.","DOI":"10.1109\/TMSCS.2018.2817608"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Di Meo A. G. M. Strollo and D. De Caro \"Novel Low-Power Floating-Point Divider With Linear Approximation and Minimum Mean Relative Error \" in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers vol. 70 no. 12 pp. 5275-5288 Dec. 2023 doi: 10.1109\/TCSI.2023.3312974.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2023.3312974"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. Liu T. Xu J. Li C. Wang P. Montuschi and F. Lombardi \"Design of Unsigned Approximate Hybrid Dividers Based on Restoring Array and Logarithmic Dividers \" in IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing vol. 10 no. 1 pp. 339-350 1 Jan.-March 2022 doi: 10.1109\/TETC.2020.3022290.","DOI":"10.1109\/TETC.2020.3022290"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. K. Jha K. Prasad V. K. Srivastava and J. Mekie \"FPAD: A Multistage Approximation Methodology for Designing Floating Point Approximate Dividers \" 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) Seville Spain 2020 pp. 1-5 doi: 10.1109\/ISCAS45731.2020.9180768.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS45731.2020.9180768"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Di Meo A. Giuseppe Maria Strollo D. De Caro L. Tegazzini and E. Napoli \"Low-Power High Precision Floating-Point Divider With Bidimensional Linear Approximation \" in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers vol. 72 no. 2 pp. 882-895 Feb. 2025 doi: 10.1109\/TCSI.2024.3447830.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2024.3447830"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Wu W. Shi Y. Yuan Z. Zou Z. Mo and J. He \"Area-Delay-Energy-Efficient Approximate Dividers Based on Piecewise Linear Fitting of Surface \" in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers vol. 71 no. 11 pp. 5017-5029 Nov. 2024 doi: 10.1109\/TCSI.2024.3425538.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2024.3425538"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Wu et al. \"An Energy-Efficient Approximate Divider Based on Logarithmic Conversion and Piecewise Constant Approximation \" in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers vol. 69 no. 7 pp. 2655-2668 July 2022 doi: 10.1109\/TCSI.2022.3167894.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2022.3167894"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z. Ebrahimi M. Zaid M. Wijtvliet and A. Kumar \"RAPID: Approximate Pipelined Soft Multipliers and Dividers for High Throughput and Energy Efficiency \" in IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems vol. 42 no. 3 pp. 712-725 March 2023 doi: 10.1109\/TCAD.2022.3184928.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2022.3184928"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Saadat H. Javaid A. Ignjatovic and S. Parameswaran \"WEID: Worst-case Error Improvement in Approximate Dividers \" 2020 25th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC) Beijing China 2020 pp. 593-598 doi: 10.1109\/ASP-DAC47756.2020.9045504.","DOI":"10.1109\/ASP-DAC47756.2020.9045504"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. N. Mitchell \u201cComputer multiplication and division using binary logarithms \u201d IRE Trans. Electronic Computers vol. EC-11 no. 4 pp.512\u2013517 1962.","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.1962.5219391"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. E. Robertson \u201cA New Class of Digital Division Methods \u201d IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers vol. EC-7 no. 3 pp. 218\u2013222 1958.","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.1958.5222579"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. D. Tocher \u201cTechniques of Multiplication and Division for Automatic Binary Computers \u201d The Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics vol. 11 no. 3 pp. 364\u2013384 1958.","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmam\/11.3.364"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_29_2","unstructured":"R. E. Goldschmidt \u201cApplications of Division by Convergence \u201d M.S. thesis Dept. of Electrical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA June 1964."}],"event":{"name":"GLSVLSI '26: Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2026","location":"Canandaigua , NY , USA","acronym":"GLSVLSI '26","sponsor":["SIGDA ACM Special Interest Group on Design Automation","IEEE CEDA"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2026"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T14:19:26Z","timestamp":1781792366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3787109.3815203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3787109.3815203","10.1145\/3787109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3787109.3815203","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}