{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:21:51Z","timestamp":1780586511340,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":38,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3788853.3803093","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T19:14:47Z","timestamp":1779822887000},"page":"400-412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cortex AISQL: A Production SQL Engine for Unstructured Data"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8165-748X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Liskowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Snowflake Inc., Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2350-7280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Snowflake Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7782-3294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paritosh","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Snowflake Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6797-0016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bowei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Snowflake Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7128-3751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boxin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Snowflake Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8539-7728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nitish","family":"Jindal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Snowflake Inc., Redmond, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3731-3786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zihan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Snowflake Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7187-7961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Snowflake Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0240-4924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle","family":"Schmaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Snowflake Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4732-1399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay","family":"Tayade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Snowflake Inc., Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5813-3879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weicheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Snowflake Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2751-068X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anupam","family":"Datta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Snowflake Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6732-0639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan","family":"Wiegand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Snowflake Inc., Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6826-1584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitris","family":"Tsirogiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Snowflake Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Bohou Li, Mark Lindblad, Henry Lindeman, Alex Meyer, Parth Parmar, Tanvi Ranade, Mehul A Shah, et al.","author":"Anderson Eric","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eric Anderson, Jonathan Fritz, Austin Lee, Bohou Li, Mark Lindblad, Henry Lindeman, Alex Meyer, Parth Parmar, Tanvi Ranade, Mehul A Shah, et al., 2024. The design of an llm-powered unstructured analytics system. arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.00847 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3626292.3626294"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Tom Brown Benjamin Mann Nick Ryder Melanie Subbiah Jared D Kaplan Prafulla Dhariwal Arvind Neelakantan Pranav Shyam Girish Sastry Amanda Askell et al. 2020. Language models are few-shot learners. Advances in neural information processing systems Vol. 33 (2020) 1877-1901."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/320248.320249"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Lingjiao Chen Matei Zaharia and James Zou. 2023. FrugalGPT: How to Use Large Language Models While Reducing Cost and Improving Performance. arXiv:2305.05176 [cs.LG] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2305.05176"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems","author":"Dai Hanjun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hanjun Dai, Bethany Yixin Wang, Xingchen Wan, Bo Dai, Sherry Yang, Azade Nova, Pengcheng Yin, Phitchaya Mangpo Phothilimthana, Charles Sutton, and Dale Schuurmans. 2025. UQE: a query engine for unstructured databases. In Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (Vancouver, BC, Canada) (NIPS '24). Curran Associates Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, Article 938, 32 pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3318464.3389711"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2790755.2790797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/233269.233359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/2367502.2367510"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/170035.170078"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3384345.3384349"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3654989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3372716.3372725"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Approximate selection with guarantees using proxies. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.00827","author":"Kang Daniel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Daniel Kang, Edward Gan, Peter Bailis, Tatsunori Hashimoto, and Matei Zaharia. 2020. Approximate selection with guarantees using proxies. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.00827 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3514221.3517897"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Learned cardinalities: Estimating correlated joins with deep learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1809.00677","author":"Kipf Andreas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Andreas Kipf, Thomas Kipf, Bernhard Radke, Viktor Leis, Peter Boncz, and Alfons Kemper. 2018. Learned cardinalities: Estimating correlated joins with deep learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1809.00677 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Ani Kristo, Guillaume Leclerc, Samuel Madden, Hongzi Mao, and Vikram Nathan.","author":"Kraska Tim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tim Kraska, Mohammad Alizadeh, Alex Beutel, Ed H. Chi, Ani Kristo, Guillaume Leclerc, Samuel Madden, Hongzi Mao, and Vikram Nathan. 2019. SageDB: A Learned Database System. In 9th Biennial Conference on Innovative Data Systems Research, CIDR 2019, Asilomar, CA, USA, January 13-16, 2019, Online Proceedings. www.cidrdb.org. http:\/\/cidrdb.org\/cidr2019\/papers\/p117-kraska-cidr19.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3183713.3196909"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Towards Accurate and Efficient Document Analytics with Large Language Models. ArXiv","author":"Lin Yiming","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yiming Lin, Madelon Hulsebos, Ruiying Ma, Shreya Shankar, Sepanta Zeighami, Aditya G. Parameswaran, and Eugene Wu. 2024. Towards Accurate and Efficient Document Analytics with Large Language Models. ArXiv, Vol. abs\/2405.04674 (2024). https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:269626470"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Pawe? Liskowski and Kyle Schmaus. 2026. Streaming Model Cascades for Semantic SQL. arXiv:2604.00660 [cs.DB] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2604.00660"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference, on Innovative Database Research (CIDR, )","author":"Liu Chunwei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chunwei Liu, Matthew Russo, Michael Cafarella, Lei Cao, Peter Baile Chen, Zui Chen, Michael Franklin, Tim Kraska, Samuel Madden, Rana Shahout, and Gerardo Vitagliano. 2025. Palimpzest: Optimizing AI-Powered Analytics with Declarative Query Processing. In Proceedings of the Conference, on Innovative Database Research (CIDR, ) (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-naacl.283"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3542700.3542703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3342263.3342644"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3211954.3211957"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Microsoft. 2025. New T-SQL AI Features are now in Public Preview for Azure SQL and SQL database in Microsoft Fabric. https:\/\/devblogs.microsoft.com\/azure-sql\/ai-functions-public-preview-azure-sql. Accessed: 2025-10-01."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long Ouyang Jeffrey Wu Xu Jiang Diogo Almeida Carroll Wainwright Pamela Mishkin Chong Zhang Sandhini Agarwal Katarina Slama Alex Ray et al. 2022. Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback. Advances in neural information processing systems Vol. 35 (2022) 27730-27744.","DOI":"10.52202\/068431-2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3749646.3749685"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Self-Driving Database Management Systems","volume":"4","author":"Pavlo Andrew","year":"2017","unstructured":"Andrew Pavlo, Gustavo Angulo, Joy Arulraj, Haibin Lin, Jiexi Lin, Lin Ma, Prashanth Menon, Todd C Mowry, Matthew Perron, Ian Quah, et al., 2017. Self-Driving Database Management Systems.. In CIDR, Vol. 4. 1.","journal-title":"CIDR"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3746405.3746426"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/645927.672349"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Llama: Open and efficient foundation language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.13971","author":"Touvron Hugo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hugo Touvron, Thibaut Lavril, Gautier Izacard, Xavier Martinet, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Timoth\u00e9e Lacroix, Baptiste Rozi\u00e8re, Naman Goyal, Eric Hambro, Faisal Azhar, et al., 2023. Llama: Open and efficient foundation language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.13971 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3035918.3064029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Denny Zhou, et al.","author":"Wei Jason","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Fei Xia, Ed Chi, Quoc V Le, Denny Zhou, et al., 2022. Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models. Advances in neural information processing systems, Vol. 35 (2022), 24824-24837."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3368289.3368294"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Zellinger and Matt Thomson","author":"Michael","year":"2025","unstructured":"Michael J. Zellinger and Matt Thomson. 2025. Rational Tuning of LLM Cascades via Probabilistic Modeling. arXiv:2501.09345 [cs.LG] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2501.09345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3299869.3300085"}],"event":{"name":"SIGMOD\/PODS '26: International Conference on Management of Data","location":"Bengaluru India","sponsor":["SIGMOD ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data"]},"container-title":["Companion of the International Conference on Management of Data"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T19:17:51Z","timestamp":1779823071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3788853.3803093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3788853.3803093","10.1145\/3788853"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3788853.3803093","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}