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Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The widespread adoption of\n                    <jats:bold>Large Language Models (LLMs)<\/jats:bold>\n                    and\n                    <jats:bold>Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)<\/jats:bold>\n                    systems is reshaping the landscape of information retrieval. However, the long-term effects of LLM-generated texts on retrieval systems remain underexplored, creating challenges for mitigating their impact. The effects are examined in this study, with a particular focus on the \u201cSpiral of Silence\u201d phenomenon, which refers to the marginalization of diverse information as certain types of content dominate, leading to a homogenized information ecosystem. To investigate this, a simulation pipeline is constructed to model the iterative introduction of LLM-generated texts into retrieval systems. Experimental results across multiple iterations reveal that as the presence of LLM-generated texts within the system grows, retrieval systems exhibit a stronger tendency to retrieve these texts. This trend, in turn, reduces the visibility of human-generated content, diminishes diversity, propagates errors, and results in a notable decline in retrieval performance. To address these challenges, we propose a\n                    <jats:bold>Utility-Driven Multi-Objective Optimization (UMO)<\/jats:bold>\n                    framework to effectively mitigate the \u201cSpiral of Silence.\u201d This framework employs a two-phase approach: an optimization phase, leveraging the NSGA-II algorithm to derive optimal preference weights for multiple objectives, and a memorization phase, which directly integrates these weights into the retrieval vector space without requiring additional model retraining. Experimental results demonstrate that this framework maintains stable retrieval effectiveness, improves the retrieval proportion of human-generated content, reduces the excessive influence of LLM-generated texts, and preserves information diversity, effectively mitigating the \u201cSpiral of Silence.\u201d\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3788865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T10:05:52Z","timestamp":1768817152000},"page":"1-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Breaking the Spiral: A Utility-Driven Optimization Framework for Balanced Information Retrieval in the LLM\u00a0Era"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3711-5739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2699-9209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5857-9663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1304-6302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianpei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1177-3901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianshu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9916-7406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boxi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8750-6295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0615-2569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingfei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaibhav Adlakha Parishad BehnamGhader Xing Han Lu Nicholas Meade and Siva Reddy. 2023. 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