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To address this question, we conducted an exploratory study with older adults (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a018) to investigate the effects of a VA prototype (\u201cBuild2Race\u201d) compared to a controlled-VC system. Participants\u2019 domain-specific and general self-efficacy scores improved after carrying out the assembly task, but those scores did not differ between the conditions. Improvements in assembly self-efficacy were better sustained in the VA (versus controlled-VC) condition after 1 month, but no similar advantage was observed for general self-efficacy. We hypothesize that a non-human agent may be good for task assembly self-efficacy because older adults feel like they are in charge of task performance when a VA is used. Based on the study results and interpretation, we offer guidelines for developing VAs for assembly task assistance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3789501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T13:33:36Z","timestamp":1769520816000},"page":"1-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Voice-Powered Assembly: Boosting Self-Efficacy in Older Adults with \u201cBuild2Race\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9108-0322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noah Zijie","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8120-6905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Chignell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2440-9719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamy","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Napier University, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106466","article-title":"Communicative and social consequences of interactions with voice assistants","volume":"112","author":"Aeschlimann S.","year":"2020","unstructured":"S. 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