{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T16:00:40Z","timestamp":1785340840264,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":96,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSERC","award":["RGPIN\u201103236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN\u201103236"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3794763.3794818","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:18:58Z","timestamp":1785338338000},"page":"295-306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improved Bug Localization with AI Agents Leveraging Hypothesis and Dynamic Cognition"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4624-0574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asif Mohammed","family":"Samir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3821-5990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Masudur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"[n. d.]. CogniGent: Replication Package. https:\/\/github.com\/asifsamir\/CogniGent\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_3_2","unstructured":"Wasi\u00a0Uddin Ahmad Saikat Chakraborty Baishakhi Ray and Kai-Wei Chang. 2020. A transformer-based approach for source code summarization. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2005.00653 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_4_2","unstructured":"All\u00a0Hands AI and Mistral AI. [n. d.]. DevStral: A New State-of-the-Art Open Model for Coding Agents. https:\/\/www.all-hands.dev\/blog\/devstral-a-new-state-of-the-art-open-model-for-coding-agents."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_5_2","unstructured":"Meta AI. [n. d.]. The Llama 3 Herd of Models. ([n. d.]). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2407.21783"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdulaziz Alaboudi and Thomas\u00a0D LaToza. 2023. What constitutes debugging? An exploratory study of debugging episodes. Empirical Software Engineering 28 5 (2023) 117.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-023-10352-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Waqas Ali Lili Bo Xiaobing Sun Xiaoxue Wu Saifullah Memon Saima Siraj and Ann Suwaree Ashton. 2023. Automated software bug localization enabled by meta-heuristic-based convolutional neural network and improved deep neural network. Expert Systems with Applications 232 (2023) 120562. 10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.120562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.120562"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_8_2","unstructured":"Mohammad Masudur\u00a0Rahman Asif\u00a0Samir. 2024. BRaIn: Replication Package. https:\/\/github.com\/asifsamir\/BRaIn."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_9_2","volume-title":"Testing Significance Tests: A Simulation with Cliff\u2019s Delta, t-tests, and Mann-Whitney U","author":"Barnes Tyler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tyler Barnes, Scott\u00a0C. Moore, and Katerine Osatuke. 2018. Testing Significance Tests: A Simulation with Cliff\u2019s Delta, t-tests, and Mann-Whitney U. National Center for Organizational Development, Department of Veteran Affairs."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page. 1998. The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual web search engine. Computer networks and ISDN systems 30 1-7 (1998) 107\u2013117.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7552(98)00110-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_11_2","unstructured":"Tom Britton Lisa Jeng Graham Carver Paul Cheak and Tomer Katzenellenbogen. 2013. Reversible debugging software. Judge Bus. School Univ. Cambridge Cambridge UK Tech. Rep 229 (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Partha Chakraborty Mahmoud Alfadel and Meiyappan Nagappan. 2025. BLAZE: Cross-Language and Cross-Project Bug Localization via Dynamic Chunking and Hard Example Learning. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 51 8 (Aug. 2025) 2254\u20132267. 10.1109\/tse.2025.3579574","DOI":"10.1109\/tse.2025.3579574"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME.2017.100","volume-title":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME)","author":"Chaparro Oscar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oscar Chaparro, Juan\u00a0Manuel Florez, and Andrian Marcus. 2017. Using observed behavior to reformulate queries during text retrieval-based bug localization. In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME). IEEE, 376\u2013387."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_14_2","unstructured":"Zhaoling Chen Xiangru Tang Gangda Deng Fang Wu Jialong Wu Zhiwei Jiang Viktor Prasanna Arman Cohan and Xingyao Wang. 2025. Locagent: Graph-guided llm agents for code localization. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2503.09089 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3510003.3510042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_16_2","unstructured":"Alibaba Cloud. [n. d.]. Qwen3-Coder: Large Mixture-of-Experts Model for Agentic Coding. https:\/\/github.com\/QwenLM\/Qwen3-Coder."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_17_2","volume-title":"Introduction to Algorithms (3rd ed.)","author":"Cormen Thomas\u00a0H.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thomas\u00a0H. Cormen, Charles\u00a0E. Leiserson, Ronald\u00a0L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein. 2009. Introduction to Algorithms (3rd ed.). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_18_2","unstructured":"DevOps. 2024. Survey: Fixing Bugs Stealing Time from Development. https:\/\/shorturl.at\/Fj8sB"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_19_2","unstructured":"Yangruibo Ding Jinjun Peng Marcus\u00a0J. Min Gail Kaiser Junfeng Yang and Baishakhi Ray. 2024. SemCoder: Training Code Language Models with Comprehensive Semantics Reasoning. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2406.01006\u00a0[cs.CL] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2406.01006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_20_2","unstructured":"Federal Communications Commission. 2024. February 22 2024 AT&T Mobility Network Outage Report and Findings. https:\/\/www.benton.org\/headlines\/february-22-2024-att-mobility-network-outage-report-and-findings Published by the Benton Institute for Broadband & Society. Details the cause and impact of a nationwide AT&T wireless service outage affecting over 125 million devices and blocking more than 92 million calls.."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_21_2","unstructured":"Christoph Fischer. 2019. Javaparser. https:\/\/github.com\/javaparser\/javaparser"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_22_2","unstructured":"The Apache\u00a0Software Foundation. 2021. Apache Lucene. (2021). https:\/\/lucene.apache.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"George\u00a0W. Furnas Thomas\u00a0K. Landauer Louis\u00a0M. Gomez and Susan\u00a0T. Dumais. 1987. The vocabulary problem in human-system communication. Commun. ACM 30 11 (1987) 964\u2013971.","DOI":"10.1145\/32206.32212"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_24_2","unstructured":"Gerstein Lab. [n. d.]. LocAgent Replication Package. https:\/\/github.com\/gersteinlab\/LocAgent."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_25_2","unstructured":"GitHub. 2024. Towards Natural Language Semantic Code Search. https:\/\/github.blog\/ai-and-ml\/machine-learning\/towards-natural-language-semantic-code-search\/ Accessed: 2025-09-25."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_26_2","unstructured":"Greptile. 2023. Semantic Codebase Search: Why It\u2019s Hard and What Works. https:\/\/www.greptile.com\/blog\/semantic-codebase-search Accessed: 2025-09-25."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2486788.2486898"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-02276-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2013.6606585"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_30_2","volume-title":"Context Rot: How Increasing Input Tokens Impacts LLM Performance","author":"Hong Kelly","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kelly Hong, Anton Troynikov, and Jeff Huber. 2025. Context Rot: How Increasing Input Tokens Impacts LLM Performance. Technical Report. Chroma. https:\/\/research.trychroma.com\/context-rot"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_31_2","unstructured":"Danniell Hu Priscila Santiesteban Madeline Endres and Westley Weimer. 2024. Towards a Cognitive Model of Dynamic Debugging: Does Identifier Construction Matter? IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2017\/265"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_33_2","unstructured":"Yerin Hwang Yongil Kim Jahyun Koo Taegwan Kang Hyunkyung Bae and Kyomin Jung. 2025. Llms can be easily confused by instructional distractions. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2502.04362 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhonghao Jiang Xiaoxue Ren Meng Yan Wei Jiang Yong Li and Zhongxin Liu. 2025. CoSIL: Software Issue Localization via LLM-Driven Code Repository Graph Searching. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2503.22424 (2025).","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE63991.2025.00249"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_35_2","unstructured":"Carlos\u00a0E Jimenez John Yang Alexander Wettig Shunyu Yao Kexin Pei Ofir Press and Karthik Narasimhan. 2023. Swe-bench: Can language models resolve real-world github issues? arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2310.06770 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3397271.3401075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dongsun Kim Yida Tao Sunghun Kim and Andreas Zeller. 2013. Where should we fix this bug? a two-phase recommendation model. IEEE transactions on software Engineering 39 11 (2013) 1597\u20131610.","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2013.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPC.2017.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPC.2017.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_40_2","unstructured":"LangChain. [n. d.]. Agent Scratchpad. https:\/\/langchain-ai.github.io\/langgraph\/concepts\/multi_agent\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_41_2","unstructured":"LangChain. [n. d.]. LangGraph: A Library for Building Stateful Multi-Agent Workflows. https:\/\/github.com\/langchain-ai\/langgraph."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_42_2","unstructured":"LangChain Inc.[n. d.]. Low-level Concepts \u2013 LangGraph. https:\/\/langchain-ai.github.io\/langgraph\/concepts\/low_level\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2786805.2786880"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D.L. Lee Huei Chuang and K. Seamons. 1997. Document ranking and the vector-space model. IEEE Software 14 2 (1997) 67\u201375. 10.1109\/52.582976","DOI":"10.1109\/52.582976"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3213846.3213856"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_46_2","volume-title":"Cognitive Debugging","author":"Leite J.\u00a0C. S. do\u00a0Prado","year":"2023","unstructured":"J.\u00a0C. S. do\u00a0Prado Leite and G.\u00a0H. Travassos. 2023. Cognitive Debugging. Springer. https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-3-031-42064-1 Accessed: 2025-09-25."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_47_2","unstructured":"Mosh Levy Alon Jacoby and Yoav Goldberg. 2024. Same Task More Tokens: the Impact of Input Length on the Reasoning Performance of Large Language Models. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2402.14848\u00a0[cs.CL] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2402.14848"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuanyuan Liang Jianing Wang Hanlun Zhu Lei Wang Weining Qian and Yunshi Lan. 2023. Prompting large language models with chain-of-thought for few-shot knowledge base question generation. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2310.08395 (2023).","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.emnlp-main.263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_49_2","unstructured":"Xiangyan Liu Bo Lan Zhiyuan Hu Yang Liu Zhicheng Zhang Fei Wang Michael Shieh and Wenmeng Zhou. 2024. CodexGraph: Bridging Large Language Models and Code Repositories via Code Graph Databases. (8 2024). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2408.03910"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3468264.3468580"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_51_2","unstructured":"Lingrui Mei Jiayu Yao Yuyao Ge Yiwei Wang Baolong Bi Yujun Cai Jiazhi Liu Mingyu Li Zhong-Zhi Li Duzhen Zhang et\u00a0al. 2025. A survey of context engineering for large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2507.13334 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chris Mills Esteban Parra Jevgenija Pantiuchina Gabriele Bavota and Sonia Haiduc. 2020. On the relationship between bug reports and queries for text retrieval-based bug localization. Empirical Software Engineering 25 (2020) 3086\u20133127.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-020-09823-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME.2014.37"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_54_2","unstructured":"Inc. Neo4j. 2025. Neo4j Graph Database. https:\/\/neo4j.com."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2011.6100062","volume-title":"2011 26th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2011)","author":"Nguyen Anh\u00a0Tuan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Anh\u00a0Tuan Nguyen, Tung\u00a0Thanh Nguyen, Jafar Al-Kofahi, Hung\u00a0Viet Nguyen, and Tien\u00a0N Nguyen. 2011. A topic-based approach for narrowing the search space of buggy files from a bug report. In 2011 26th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2011). IEEE, 263\u2013272."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Devon\u00a0H O\u2019Dell. 2017. The Debugging Mindset: Understanding the psychology of learning strategies leads to effective problem-solving skills. Queue 15 1 (2017) 71\u201390.","DOI":"10.1145\/3055301.3068754"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_57_2","unstructured":"OpenAI. 2023. GPT-4 Technical Report. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2303.08774\u00a0[cs.CL] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2303.08774"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_58_2","unstructured":"OpenAutoCoder. 2024. Agentless Replication Package. https:\/\/github.com\/OpenAutoCoder\/Agentless."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_59_2","volume-title":"Productivity Improvements: Ctrl + Click Go to Definition","author":"Popa Augustin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Augustin Popa. 2017. Productivity Improvements: Ctrl + Click Go to Definition. https:\/\/devblogs.microsoft.com\/cppblog\/productivity-structure-visualizer-ctrl-click-to-go-to-definition\/ Microsoft Dev Blogs."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denys Poshyvanyk Yann-Gal Guneuc Andrian Marcus Giuliano Antoniol and Vaclav Rajlich. 2007. Feature location using probabilistic ranking of methods based on execution scenarios and information retrieval. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 33 6 (2007) 420\u2013432.","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2007.1016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Binhang Qi Hailong Sun Wei Yuan Hongyu Zhang and Xiangxin Meng. 2022. DreamLoc: A Deep Relevance Matching-Based Framework for bug Localization. IEEE Transactions on Reliability 71 1 (2022) 235\u2013249. 10.1109\/TR.2021.3104728","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2021.3104728"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_62_2","unstructured":"Masud Rahman. [n. d.]. BLIZZARD. https:\/\/github.com\/masud-technope\/BLIZZARD"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammad\u00a0Masudur Rahman Foutse Khomh Shamima Yeasmin and Chanchal\u00a0K Roy. 2021. The forgotten role of search queries in ir-based bug localization: an empirical study. Empirical Software Engineering 26 6 (2021) 116.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-021-10022-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3236024.3236065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_65_2","unstructured":"Mohammad\u00a0Masudur Rahman and Chanchal\u00a0K Roy. 2021. A Systematic Review of Automated Query Reformulations in Source Code Search. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohammad\u00a0Masudur Rahman Chanchal\u00a0K. Roy and David Lo. 2016. RACK: Automatic API Recommendation Using Crowdsourced Knowledge. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 349\u2013359. 10.1109\/saner.2016.80","DOI":"10.1109\/saner.2016.80"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-emnlp.432"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stephen\u00a0E Robertson Steve Walker Susan Jones Micheline\u00a0M Hancock-Beaulieu Mike Gatford et\u00a0al. 1995. Okapi at TREC-3. Nist Special Publication Sp 109 (1995) 109.","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.500-225.adhoc-city"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME.2014.38"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2013.6693093"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_71_2","unstructured":"Asif\u00a0Mohammed Samir and Mohammad\u00a0Masudur Rahman. 2025. Improved IR-based Bug Localization with Intelligent Relevance Feedback. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2501.10542 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_72_2","unstructured":"Asif\u00a0Mohammed Samir and Mohammad\u00a0Masudur Rahman. 2025. Improving IR-based Bug Localization with Semantics-Driven Query Reduction. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2510.04468\u00a0[cs.SE] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2510.04468"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2012.6224299","volume-title":"2012 9th IEEE working conference on mining software repositories (MSR)","author":"Sisman Bunyamin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bunyamin Sisman and Avinash\u00a0C Kak. 2012. Incorporating version histories in information retrieval based bug localization. In 2012 9th IEEE working conference on mining software repositories (MSR). IEEE, 50\u201359."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2013.6624044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2025.naacl-long.211"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_76_2","unstructured":"Trevor Strohman Donald Metzler Howard\u00a0R. Turtle and W.\u00a0Bruce Croft. 2005. Indri : A language-model based search engine for complex queries (extended version). https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:18471028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3368089.3417058"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2023\/461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_79_2","volume-title":"2025 Quality Transformation Report","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tricentis. 2025. 2025 Quality Transformation Report. Technical Report. Tricentis. https:\/\/www.tricentis.com\/resources\/quality-transformation-report Accessed: 2025-09-25."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2771783.2771797"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2771783.2771797"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2597008.2597148"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaowei Wang and David Lo. 2016. Amalgam+: Composing rich information sources for accurate bug localization. Journal of Software: Evolution and Process 28 10 (2016) 921\u2013942.","DOI":"10.1002\/smr.1801"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_84_2","unstructured":"Lian\u00a0Kit Wee. 2024. Here comes the wave of insurance claims for the CrowdStrike outage. https:\/\/shorturl.at\/5Y1jQ"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jason Wei Xuezhi Wang Dale Schuurmans Maarten Bosma Fei Xia Ed Chi Quoc\u00a0V Le Denny Zhou et\u00a0al. 2022. Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models. Advances in neural information processing systems 35 (2022) 24824\u201324837.","DOI":"10.52202\/068431-1800"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2970276.2970359"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_87_2","series-title":"(PLoP \u201923)","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 30th Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs","author":"White Jules","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jules White, Quchen Fu, Sam Hays, Michael Sandborn, Carlos Olea, Henry Gilbert, Ashraf Elnashar, Jesse Spencer-Smith, and Douglas\u00a0C. Schmidt. 2023. A Prompt Pattern Catalog to Enhance Prompt Engineering with ChatGPT. In Proceedings of the 30th Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs (Monticello, IL, USA) (PLoP \u201923). The Hillside Group, USA, Article 5, 31\u00a0pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_88_2","unstructured":"Siye Wu Jian Xie Jiangjie Chen Tinghui Zhu Kai Zhang and Yanghua Xiao. 2024. How easily do irrelevant inputs skew the responses of large language models? arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2404.03302 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_89_2","unstructured":"Chunqiu\u00a0Steven Xia Yinlin Deng Soren Dunn and Lingming Zhang. 2024. Agentless: Demystifying llm-based software engineering agents. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2407.01489 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1109\/COGINF.2004.1327473","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics, 2004.","author":"Xu Shaochun","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shaochun Xu and V\u00e1clav Rajlich. 2004. Cognitive process during program debugging. In Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics, 2004. IEEE, 176\u2013182."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_91_2","volume-title":"The eleventh international conference on learning representations","author":"Yao Shunyu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shunyu Yao, Jeffrey Zhao, Dian Yu, Nan Du, Izhak Shafran, Karthik\u00a0R Narasimhan, and Yuan Cao. 2022. React: Synergizing reasoning and acting in language models. In The eleventh international conference on learning representations."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1109\/HUICS.1998.659974","volume-title":"Proceedings fourth annual symposium on human interaction with complex systems","author":"Yoon Byung-do","year":"1998","unstructured":"Byung-do Yoon and Oscar\u00a0N Garcia. 1998. Cognitive activities and support in debugging. In Proceedings fourth annual symposium on human interaction with complex systems. IEEE, 160\u2013169."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APSEC.2015.23"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_94_2","unstructured":"Morgan Zahn Jon Haworth Josh Margolin Jack Date and Luke Barr. 2024. AT&T outage caused by software update company says. https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/att-outage-impacting-us-customers-company\/story?id=107440297 Accessed: 2025-09-22."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3650212.3680384"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_96_2","volume-title":"The eleventh international conference on learning representations","author":"Zhou Yongchao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yongchao Zhou, Andrei\u00a0Ioan Muresanu, Ziwen Han, Keiran Paster, Silviu Pitis, Harris Chan, and Jimmy Ba. 2022. Large language models are human-level prompt engineers. In The eleventh international conference on learning representations."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiqin Zou David Lo Zhenyu Chen Xin Xia Yang Feng and Baowen Xu. 2018. How practitioners perceive automated bug report management techniques. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 46 8 (2018) 836\u2013862.","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2018.2870414"}],"event":{"name":"ICPC '26: 34th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Program Comprehension","location":"Rio de Janeiro , Brazil","acronym":"ICPC '26","sponsor":["SIGSOFT ACM Special Interest Group on Software Engineering"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2026 34th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Program Comprehension"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3794763.3794818","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:22:25Z","timestamp":1785338545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3794763.3794818"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]]},"references-count":96,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3794763.3794818","10.1145\/3794763"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3794763.3794818","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}