{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T16:00:27Z","timestamp":1785340827009,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":39,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3794763.3794822","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:18:58Z","timestamp":1785338338000},"page":"343-354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding Codebase like a Professional! Human\u2013AI Collaboration for Code Comprehension"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5992-6471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2141-2044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MetaTrust Labs, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1288-6502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4118-7376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junming","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0583-4465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SoeMin","family":"Thant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5424-5276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1006-8493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bowen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoseph\u00a0Berhanu Alebachew. 2025. AI-Guided Exploration of Large-Scale Codebases. (2025). arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2508.05799\u00a0[cs.SE] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2508.05799","DOI":"10.1109\/VL-HCC65237.2025.00053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Georgy Andryushchenko Vladimir Ivanov Vladimir Makharev Elizaveta Tukhtina and Aidar Valeev. 2024. Leveraging Large Language Models in Code Question Answering: Baselines and Issues. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2411.03012\u00a0[cs.CL] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2411.03012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Alireza Baratloo Mostafa Hosseini Ahmed Negida and Gehad El\u00a0Ashal. 2015. Part 1: simple definition and calculation of accuracy sensitivity and specificity. Emergency 3 2 (2015) 48."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Timoth\u00e9e Besset. 2018. Sourcetrail with Unreal Engine 4: A Quick Primer. https:\/\/ttimo.typepad.com\/blog\/2018\/09\/sourcetrail-with-unreal-engine-4-a-quick-primer.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","volume-title":"35th Annual Workshop of the Psychology of Programming Interest Group, PPIG 2024","author":"Bexell Andreas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Andreas Bexell, Emma S\u00f6derberg, Christofer Rydenf\u00e4lt, and Sigrid Eldh. 2024. How Do Developers Approach Their First Bug in an Unfamiliar Code Base?: An Exploratory Study of Large Program Comprehension. In 35th Annual Workshop of the Psychology of Programming Interest Group, PPIG 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3708319.3733681"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2526968.2526969"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Eason Chen Ray Huang Han-Shin Chen Yuen-Hsien Tseng and Liang-Yi Li. 2023. GPTutor: a ChatGPT-powered programming tool for code explanation. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2305.01863\u00a0[cs.HC] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2305.01863"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","volume-title":"How to Become a Security Code Auditor","author":"Contributors Cybersecurity\u00a0Guide","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cybersecurity\u00a0Guide Contributors. 2025. How to Become a Security Code Auditor. https:\/\/cybersecurityguide.org\/careers\/security-code-auditor\/ Last updated: 11 Feburary, 2026."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bas Cornelissen Andy Zaidman and Arie van Deursen. 2010. A controlled experiment for program comprehension through trace visualization. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 37 3 (2010) 341\u2013355.","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2010.47"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Cursor. 2025. Cursor: AI-Powered Coding Assistant. https:\/\/www.cursor.com\/features. Accessed: 2025-02-26."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Ericsson Ltd. and E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University. 2018. CodeCompass: An Open\u2011Source Scalable Code Comprehension Framework. https:\/\/codecompass.net\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ME Fagan. 1976. Design and code inspections to reduce errors in program development. IBM Systems Journal 15 3 (1976) 182\u2013211.","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.153.0182"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613905.3650786"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","volume-title":"Formative vs. Summative Evaluations","author":"Group Nielsen\u00a0Norman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nielsen\u00a0Norman Group. 2019. Formative vs. Summative Evaluations. Nielsen Norman Group. https:\/\/www.nngroup.com\/articles\/formative-vs-summative-evaluations\/ Accessed: 2025-10-26."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642699"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","volume-title":"Handbook of human-computer interaction","author":"Helander Martin\u00a0G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Martin\u00a0G Helander. 2014. Handbook of human-computer interaction. Elsevier."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Jesse Hines. 2023. CodeBase Relationship Visualizer: Visualizing Relationships Between Source Code Files. (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","unstructured":"Magnus Jacobsson. 2020. d3-graphviz: Rendering and Animating Graphviz (DOT) Graphs with D3.js. https:\/\/github.com\/magjac\/d3-graphviz."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Omer Levy and Dror\u00a0G Feitelson. 2021. Understanding large-scale software systems\u2013structure and flows. Empirical Software Engineering 26 3 (2021) 48.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-021-09938-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIICII.2015.94"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642698"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moira Maguire and Brid Delahunt. 2017. Doing a thematic analysis: A practical step-by-step guide for learning and teaching scholars. All Ireland journal of higher education 9 3 (2017).","DOI":"10.62707\/aishej.v9i3.335"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"Daye Nam Andrew Macvean Vincent Hellendoorn Bogdan Vasilescu and Brad Myers. 2024. Using an LLM to Help With Code Understanding. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2307.08177\u00a0[cs.SE] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2307.08177"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","unstructured":"Nielsen Norman Group. [n. d.]. Information Foraging: A Theory of How People Navigate on the Web. https:\/\/www.nngroup.com\/articles\/information-foraging\/. Accessed: 2025-02-24."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","unstructured":"OpenAI. 2025. GPT\u20114.1 Model Family. https:\/\/openai.com\/index\/gpt-4-1\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","unstructured":"OpenAI. 2025. OpenAI Assistants Tools Documentation. https:\/\/platform.openai.com\/docs\/assistants\/tools."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","unstructured":"KHA Reefman. 2024. Using LLMs to aid developers with code comprehension in codebases. Master\u2019s thesis. University of Twente."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME58944.2024.00070"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00a0Andrew\u00a0R Richards and Michael\u00a0A Hemphill. 2018. A practical guide to collaborative qualitative data analysis. Journal of Teaching in Physical education 37 2 (2018) 225\u2013231.","DOI":"10.1123\/jtpe.2017-0084"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3581641.3584037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","unstructured":"Scientific Toolworks Inc.2025. Understand: A Static Analysis and Code Visualization Tool. https:\/\/scitools.com\/. Latest release version 7.0 (January 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","unstructured":"Sourcetrail Development Team. 2021. Sourcetrail: A Free and Open\u2011Source Interactive Source Explorer. https:\/\/github.com\/CoatiSoftware\/Sourcetrail."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeremiah\u00a0D Still. 2018. Web page visual hierarchy: Examining Faraday\u2019s guidelines for entry points. Computers in Human Behavior 84 (2018) 352\u2013359.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","unstructured":"The Graphviz Authors. 2025. DOT Language: Graph Description Grammar. https:\/\/graphviz.org\/doc\/info\/lang.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xin Xia Lingfeng Bao David Lo Zhenchang Xing Ahmed\u00a0E Hassan and Shanping Li. 2017. Measuring program comprehension: A large-scale field study with professionals. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 44 10 (2017) 951\u2013976.","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2017.2734091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3654777.3676374"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.2002.1167789"}],"event":{"name":"ICPC '26: 34th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Program Comprehension","location":"Rio de Janeiro , Brazil","acronym":"ICPC '26","sponsor":["SIGSOFT ACM Special Interest Group on Software Engineering"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2026 34th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Program Comprehension"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3794763.3794822","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:19:15Z","timestamp":1785338355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3794763.3794822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3794763.3794822","10.1145\/3794763"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3794763.3794822","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}