{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T12:34:59Z","timestamp":1776947699651,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science","award":["Quantum Science Center (QSC)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Quantum Science Center (QSC)"]}]},{"name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory LDRD Program","award":["Quantum Algorithms and Architecture for Domain Science Initiative (QuAADS)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Quantum Algorithms and Architecture for Domain Science Initiative (QuAADS)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Quantum Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We present STQS, a unified system architecture for spatiotemporal quantum sensing that interlaces four key quantum components:\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sensing<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">memory<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">communication<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">computation<\/jats:italic>\n                    . By employing a comprehensive gate-based framework, we systemically explore the design space of quantum sensing schemes and probe the influence of noise at each state in a sensing workflow through simulation. We introduce a novel distance-based metric that compares reference states to sensing states and assigns a confidence level. We anticipate that the distance measure will serve as an intermediate step toward more advanced quantum signal processing techniques like quantum machine learning. To our knowledge, STQS is the first system-level framework to integrate quantum sensing within a coherent, unified architectural paradigm. STQS provides seamless avenues for unique state preparation, multi-user sensing requests, and addressing practical implementations. We demonstrate the versatility of STQS through evaluations of quantum radar and qubit-based dark matter detection. To highlight the near-term feasibility of our approach, we present results obtained from IBM\u2019s Marrakesh and IonQ\u2019s Forte devices, validating key STQS components on present day quantum hardware. We have made the simulation code and experimental data used in this work publicly available.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3795881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T06:43:17Z","timestamp":1772001797000},"page":"1-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["STQS: A Unified System Architecture for Spatial Temporal Quantum Sensing"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8725-2088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastashia","family":"Jebraeilli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","place":["Richland, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Georgia","place":["Richland, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2616-3126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenxu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","place":["Richland, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7563-271X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keyi","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego","place":["La Jolla, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2655-8251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","place":["Richland, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7807-4825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Lentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","place":["Richland, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8716-5793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego","place":["La Jolla, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3734-9137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","place":["Richland, United States"]},{"name":"University of Washington","place":["Richland, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"aaj10789. 2025. QuantumSensingApplications. Retrieved from https:\/\/github.com\/aaj10789\/QuantumSensingApplications. Accessed: 2025-10-01."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amira Abbas David Sutter Christa Zoufal Aurelien Lucchi Alessio Figalli and Stefan Woerner. 2021. The power of quantum neural networks. Nature Computational Science 1 6 (June2021) 403\u2013409. DOI:10.1038\/s43588-021-00084-1","DOI":"10.1038\/s43588-021-00084-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gerardo Adesso and Fabrizio Illuminati. 2005. Gaussian measures of entanglement versus negativities: Ordering of two-mode Gaussian states. Phys. Rev. A 72 3 (Sep2005) 032334. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevA.72.032334","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.72.032334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"N. Aghanim Y. Akrami M. Ashdown J. Aumont C. Baccigalupi M. Ballardini A. J. Banday R. B. Barreiro N. Bartolo S. Basak et\u00a0al. 2020. Planck2018 results: VI. Cosmological parameters. Astronomy & Astrophysics 641 (Sept.2020) A6. DOI:10.1051\/0004-6361\/201833910","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201833910"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Darmindra Arumugam Jun-Hee Park Brook Feyissa Jack Bush and Srinivas Prasad Mysore Nagaraja. 2024. Remote sensing of soil moisture using Rydberg atoms and satellite signals of opportunity. arXiv:2403.03175. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2403.03175","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68914-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frank Arute Kunal Arya Ryan Babbush Dave Bacon Joseph C. Bardin Rami Barends Rupak Biswas Sergio Boixo Fernando G. S. L. Brandao David A. Buell Brian Burkett et\u00a0al. 2019. Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor. Nature 574 7779 (2019) 505\u2013510. DOI:10.1038\/s41586-019-1666-5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1666-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C. J. Ballance T. P. Harty N. M. Linke M. A. Sepiol and D. M. Lucas. 2016. High-fidelity quantum logic gates using trapped-ion hyperfine qubits. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 6 (Aug2016) 060504. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevLett.117.060504","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.117.060504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"R. Barends J. Kelly A. Megrant A. Veitia D. Sank E. Jeffrey T. C. White J. Mutus A. G. Fowler B. Campbell et\u00a0al. 2014. Superconducting quantum circuits at the surface code threshold for fault tolerance. Nature 508 7497 (April2014) 500\u2013503. DOI:10.1038\/nature13171","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13171"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. P. Bartling J. Yun K. N. Schymik M. van Riggelen L. A. Enthoven H. B. van Ommen M. Babaie F. Sebastiano M. Markham D. J. Twitchen et\u00a0al. 2024. Universal high-fidelity quantum gates for spin-qubits in diamond. arXiv:2403.10633. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2403.10633","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.23.034052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shabir Barzanjeh Saikat Guha Christian Weedbrook David Vitali Jeffrey H. Shapiro and Stefano Pirandola. 2015. Microwave quantum illumination. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 8 (Feb2015) 080503. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevLett.114.080503","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.114.080503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"B. J. Bloom T. L. Nicholson J. R. Williams S. L. Campbell M. Bishof X. Zhang W. Zhang S. L. Bromley and J. Ye. 2014. An optical lattice clock with accuracy and stability at the 10\u201318 level. Nature 506 7486 (Jan2014) 71\u201375. DOI:10.1038\/nature12941","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12941"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reinhold Bl\u00fcmel Nikodem Grzesiak Nhung H. Nguyen Alaina M. Green Ming Li Andrii Maksymov Norbert M. Linke and Yunseong Nam. 2021. Efficient stabilized two-qubit gates on a trapped-ion quantum computer. Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 22 (Jun2021) 220503. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevLett.126.220503","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.126.220503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heinz-Peter Breuer Elsi-Mari Laine and Jyrki Piilo. 2009. Measure for the degree of non-markovian behavior of quantum processes in open systems. Physical Review Letters 103 21 (Nov.2009). DOI:10.1103\/physrevlett.103.210401","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.103.210401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Angela Sara Cacciapuoti Jessica Illiano and Marcello Caleffi. 2024. Quantum internet addressing. IEEE Network 38 1 (Jan.2024) 104\u2013111. DOI:10.1109\/mnet.2023.3328393","DOI":"10.1109\/mnet.2023.3328393"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shion Chen Hajime Fukuda Toshiaki Inada Takeo Moroi Tatsumi Nitta and Thanaporn Sichanugrist. 2024. Quantum enhancement in dark matter detection with quantum computation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 133 2 (Jul2024) 021801. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevLett.133.021801","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.133.021801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yi Chou Shang-Yu Huang and Hsi-Sheng Goan. 2015. Optimal control of fast and high-fidelity quantum gates with electron and nuclear spins of a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. Physical Review A 91 5 (May2015). DOI:10.1103\/physreva.91.052315","DOI":"10.1103\/physreva.91.052315"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"P. Chrostoski P. Kehayias and D. H. Santamore. 2022. Surface roughness noise analysis and comprehensive noise effects on depth-dependent coherence time of NV centers in diamond. Physical Review B 106 23 (Dec.2022). DOI:10.1103\/physrevb.106.235311","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevb.106.235311"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Douglas Clowe Maru\u0161a Brada\u010d Anthony H. Gonzalez Maxim Markevitch Scott W. Randall Christine Jones and Dennis Zaritsky. 2006. A direct empirical proof of the existence of dark matter. The Astrophysical Journal 648 2 (Aug.2006) L109\u2013L113. DOI:10.1086\/508162","DOI":"10.1086\/508162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Valerio Crescimanna Jacob Taylor Aaron Z. Goldberg and Khabat Heshami. 2023. Quantum control of rydberg atoms for mesoscopic quantum state and circuit preparation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20 3 (Sep2023) 034019. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.20.034019","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.20.034019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.441262"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sergey Danilin Nicholas Nugent and Martin Weides. 2024. Quantum sensing with tunable superconducting qubits: optimization and speed-up. arXiv:2211.08344. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2211.08344","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/ad49c5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"S. Danilin and M. Weides. 2021. Quantum sensing with superconducting circuits. arXiv:2103.11022. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2103.11022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"In\u00e9s de Vega and Daniel Alonso. 2017. Dynamics of non-Markovian open quantum systems. Rev. Mod. Phys. 89 1 (Jan2017) 015001. DOI:10.1103\/RevModPhys.89.015001","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.89.015001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C. L. Degen F. Reinhard and P. Cappellaro. 2017. Quantum sensing. Rev. Mod. Phys. 89 3 (Jul2017) 035002. DOI:10.1103\/RevModPhys.89.035002","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.89.035002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michel H. Devoret Michel H. Devoret and Robert J. Schoelkopf. 2013. Superconducting circuits for quantum information: An outlook. Science 339 (2013) 1169\u20131174. Retrieved from https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:10123022","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1231930"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zi-Han Ding Jin-Ming Cui Yun-Feng Huang Chuan-Feng Li Tao Tu and Guang-Can Guo. 2019. Fast high-fidelity readout of a single trapped-ion qubit via machine-learning methods. Phys. Rev. Appl. 12 1 (Jul2019) 014038. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.12.014038","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.12.014038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiangfeng Du Fazhan Shi Xi Kong Fedor Jelezko and J\u00f6rg Wrachtrup. 2024. Single-molecule scale magnetic resonance spectroscopy using quantum diamond sensors. Rev. Mod. Phys. 96 2 (May2024) 025001. DOI:10.1103\/RevModPhys.96.025001","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.96.025001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kasper Duivenvoorden Barbara M. Terhal and Daniel Weigand. 2017. Single-mode displacement sensor. Phys. Rev. A 95 1 (Jan2017) 012305. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevA.95.012305","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.95.012305"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Charles T. Fancher David R. Scherer Marc C. St. John and Bonnie L. Schmittberger Marlow. 2021. Rydberg atom electric field sensors for communications and sensing. IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering 2 (2021) 1\u201313. DOI:10.1109\/TQE.2021.3065227","DOI":"10.1109\/TQE.2021.3065227"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C. W. Fink C. P. Salemi B. A. Young D. I. Schuster and N. A. Kurinsky. 2024. Superconducting quasiparticle-amplifying transmon: A qubit-based sensor for meV-scale phonons and single terahertz photons. Physical Review Applied 22 5 (Nov.2024). DOI:10.1103\/physrevapplied.22.054009","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevapplied.22.054009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Regina Finsterhoelzl Wolf-R\u00fcdiger Hannes and Guido Burkard. 2024. High-Fidelity Entangling Gates for Electron and Nuclear Spin Qubits in Diamond. arXiv:2403.11553. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2403.11553","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.111.214104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vittorio Giovannetti Seth Lloyd and Lorenzo Maccone. 2006. Quantum metrology. Physical Review Letters 96 1 (Jan2006). DOI:10.1103\/physrevlett.96.010401","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.96.010401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Daniel Gottesman Alexei Kitaev and John Preskill. 2001. Encoding a qubit in an oscillator. Phys. Rev. A 64 1 (Jun2001) 012310. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevA.64.012310","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.64.012310"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Gregoratti and R. F. Werner. 2003. Quantum lost and found. Journal of Modern Optics 50 6\u20137 (2003) 915\u2013933. DOI:10.1080\/09500340308234541","DOI":"10.1080\/09500340308234541"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fumiya Hanamura Warit Asavanant Kosuke Fukui Shunya Konno and Akira Furusawa. 2021. Estimation of Gaussian random displacement using non-Gaussian states. Physical Review A 104 6 (Dec.2021). DOI:10.1103\/physreva.104.062601","DOI":"10.1103\/physreva.104.062601"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"T. P. Harty D. T. C. Allcock C. J. Ballance L. Guidoni H. A. Janacek N. M. Linke D. N. Stacey and D. M. Lucas. 2014. High-fidelity preparation gates memory and readout of a trapped-ion quantum bit. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 22 (Nov2014) 220501. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevLett.113.220501","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.113.220501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Johannes Heinsoo Christian Kraglund Andersen Ants Remm Sebastian Krinner Theodore Walter Yves Salath\u00e9 Simone Gasparinetti Jean-Claude Besse Anton Poto\u010dnik Andreas Wallraff et\u00a0al. 2018. Rapid high-fidelity multiplexed readout of superconducting qubits. Physical Review Applied 10 3 (Sept.2018). DOI:10.1103\/physrevapplied.10.034040","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevapplied.10.034040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Santiago Hern\u00e1ndez-G\u00f3mez and Nicole Fabbri. 2021. Quantum control for nanoscale spectroscopy with diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers: A short review. Frontiers in Physics 8 (Feb2021). DOI:10.3389\/fphy.2020.610868","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2020.610868"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C. H\u00f6lzl A. G\u00f6tzelmann E. Pultinevicius M. Wirth and F. Meinert. 2024. Long-lived circular rydberg qubits of alkaline-earth atoms in optical tweezers. Phys. Rev. X 14 2 (May2024) 021024. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevX.14.021024","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.14.021024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"David A. Hopper Henry J. Shulevitz and Lee C. Bassett. 2018. Spin readout techniques of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. Micromachines 9 9 (2018). DOI:10.3390\/mi9090437","DOI":"10.3390\/mi9090437"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qing-Ling Hou Han Wang and Jing Qian. 2024. Active robustness against detuning error for Rydberg quantum gates. Phys. Rev. Appl. 22 3 (Sep2024) 034054. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.22.034054","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.22.034054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hsin-Yuan Huang Michael Broughton Masoud Mohseni Ryan Babbush Sergio Boixo Hartmut Neven and Jarrod R. McClean. 2021. Power of data in quantum machine learning. Nature Communications 12 1 (May2021). DOI:10.1038\/s41467-021-22539-9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22539-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D. B. Hume T. Rosenband and D. J. Wineland. 2007. High-fidelity adaptive qubit detection through repetitive quantum nondemolition measurements. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 12 (Sep2007) 120502. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevLett.99.120502","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.99.120502"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","unstructured":"IBM Quantum. 2025. Fake Marrakesh Backend\u2014Qiskit Runtime Documentation. Retrieved from https:\/\/quantum.cloud.ibm.com\/docs\/en\/api\/qiskit-ibm-runtime\/fake-provider-fake-marrakesh. Accessed: 2025-10-01."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sven Jandura and Guido Pupillo. 2022. Time-optimal two- and three-qubit gates for Rydberg atoms. Quantum 6 (May2022) 712. DOI:10.22331\/q-2022-05-13-712","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2022-05-13-712"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. Jarmola V. M. Acosta K. Jensen S. Chemerisov and D. Budker. 2012. Temperature- and magnetic-field-dependent longitudinal spin relaxation in nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond. Physical Review Letters 108 19 (May2012). DOI:10.1103\/physrevlett.108.197601","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.108.197601"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harishankar Jayakumar Siddharth Dhomkar Jacob Henshaw and Carlos A. Meriles. 2018. Spin readout via spin-to-charge conversion in bulk diamond nitrogen-vacancy ensembles. Applied Physics Letters 113 12 (Sept.2018). DOI:10.1063\/1.5040261","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5040261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Farid Kalhor Li-Ping Yang Leif Bauer and Zubin Jacob. 2021. Quantum sensing of photonic spin density using a single spin qubit. Phys. Rev. Res. 3 4 (Oct2021) 043007. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevResearch.3.043007","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevResearch.3.043007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abhinav Kandala Kristan Temme Antonio D. C\u00f3rcoles Antonio Mezzacapo Jerry M. Chow and Jay M. Gambetta. 2019. Error mitigation extends the computational reach of a noisy quantum processor. Nature 567 7749 (2019) 491\u2013495. DOI:10.1038\/s41586-019-1040-7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1040-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Prem Bahadur Karki Rupak Timalsina Mohammadjavad Dowran Ayodimeji E. Aregbesola Abdelghani Laraoui and Kapildeb Ambal. 2023. An efficient method to create high-density nitrogen-vacancy centers in CVD diamond for sensing applications. Diamond and Related Materials 140 (Dec.2023) 110472. DOI:10.1016\/j.diamond.2023.110472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diamond.2023.110472"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Kim J. Ahn Y. Song et\u00a0al. 2023. Quantum computing with Rydberg atom graphs. Journal of the Korean Physical Society 82 (2023) 827\u2013840. DOI:10.1007\/s40042-023-00774-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40042-023-00774-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stefan Knirck Alexander J. Millar Ciaran A. J. O\u2019Hare Javier Redondo and Frank D. Steffen. 2018. Directional axion detection. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2018 11 (Nov.2018) 051\u2013051. DOI:10.1088\/1475-7516\/2018\/11\/051","DOI":"10.1088\/1475-7516\/2018\/11\/051"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ashok Kodigala Michael Gehl Gregory W. Hoth Jongmin Lee Christopher T. DeRose Andrew Pomerene Christina Dallo Douglas Trotter Andrew L. Starbuck Grant Biedermann et\u00a0al. 2024. High-performance silicon photonic single-sideband modulators for cold-atom interferometry. Science Advances 10 (2024) eade4454. DOI:10.1126\/sciadv.ade4454","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade4454"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Krinner S. Storz P. Kurpiers P. Magnard J. Heinsoo R. Keller J. L\u00fctolf C. Eichler and A. Wallraff. 2019. Engineering cryogenic setups for 100-qubit scale superconducting circuit systems. EPJ Quantum Technology 6 1 (May2019). DOI:10.1140\/epjqt\/s40507-019-0072-0","DOI":"10.1140\/epjqt\/s40507-019-0072-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin Kuffer Anal\u00eda Zwick and Gonzalo A. \u00c1lvarez. 2024. Sensing Out-of-Equilibrium and Quantum Non-Gaussian environments via induced Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking on the quantum-probe dynamics. arXiv:2405.04742. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2405.04742","DOI":"10.1103\/PRXQuantum.6.020320"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laurent Labont\u00e9 Olivier Alibart Virginia D\u2019Auria Florent Doutre Jean Etesse Gregory Sauder Anthony Martin \u00c9ric Picholle and S\u00e9bastien Tanzilli. 2024. Integrated photonics for quantum communications and metrology. PRX Quantum 5 1 (Feb2024) 010101. DOI:10.1103\/PRXQuantum.5.010101","DOI":"10.1103\/PRXQuantum.5.010101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ryan LaRose. 2019. Overview and comparison of gate level quantum software platforms. Quantum 3 (March2019) 130. DOI:10.22331\/q-2019-03-25-130","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2019-03-25-130"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Su-Yong Lee Chang-Woo Lee Jaehak Lee and Hyunchul Nha. 2016. Quantum phase estimation using path-symmetric entangled states. Scientific Reports 6 1 (July2016). DOI:10.1038\/srep30306","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30306"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harry Levine Alexander Keesling Ahmed Omran Hannes Bernien Sylvain Schwartz Alexander S. Zibrov Manuel Endres Markus Greiner Vladan Vuleti\u0107 and Mikhail D. Lukin. 2018. High-fidelity control and entanglement of rydberg-atom qubits. Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 12 (Sep2018) 123603. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevLett.121.123603","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.121.123603"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chenxu Liu M. V. Gurudev Dutt and David Pekker. 2018. Single-photon heralded two-qubit unitary gates for pairs of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Physical Review A 98 5 (Nov.2018). DOI:10.1103\/physreva.98.052342","DOI":"10.1103\/physreva.98.052342"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","unstructured":"Chenxu Liu Meng Wang Samuel A. Stein Yufei Ding and Ang Li. 2023. Quantum memory: A missing piece in quantum computing units. arXiv:2309.14432. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2309.14432"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seth Lloyd. 2008. Enhanced sensitivity of photodetection via quantum illumination. Science 321 5895 (2008) 1463\u20131465. DOI:10.1126\/science.1160627","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160627"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andrew D. Ludlow Martin M. Boyd Jun Ye E. Peik and P. O. Schmidt. 2015. Optical atomic clocks. Rev. Mod. Phys. 87 2 (Jun2015) 637\u2013701. DOI:10.1103\/RevModPhys.87.637","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.87.637"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benjamin MacLellan Piotr Roztocki Stefanie Czischek and Roger G. Melko. 2024. End-to-end variational quantum sensing. arXiv:2403.02394. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2403.02394","DOI":"10.1038\/s41534-024-00914-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"David C. McKay Stefan Filipp Antonio Mezzacapo Easwar Magesan Jerry M. Chow and Jay M. Gambetta. 2016. Universal gate for fixed-frequency qubits via a tunable bus. Physical Review Applied 6 6 (Dec.2016). DOI:10.1103\/physrevapplied.6.064007","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevapplied.6.064007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Srujan Meesala David Lake Steven Wood Piero Chiappina Changchun Zhong Andrew D. Beyer Matthew D. Shaw Liang Jiang and Oskar Painter. 2024. Quantum entanglement between optical and microwave photonic qubits. Phys. Rev. X 14 3 (Sep2024) 031055. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevX.14.031055","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.14.031055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marios H. Michael Matti Silveri R. T. Brierley Victor V. Albert Juha Salmilehto Liang Jiang and S. M. Girvin. 2016. New class of quantum error-correcting codes for a bosonic mode. Phys. Rev. X 6 3 (Jul2016) 031006. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevX.6.031006","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.6.031006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","unstructured":"Sainath Motlakunta Nikhil Kotibhaskar Chung-You Shih Anthony Vogliano Darian McLaren Lewis Hahn Jingwen Zhu Roland Habl\u00fctzel and Rajibul Islam. 2023. Preserving a qubit during adjacent measurements at a few micrometers distance. arXiv:2306.03075. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2306.03075"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Prakash Murali Ali Javadi-Abhari Frederic T. Chong and Margaret Martonosi. 2019. Formal constraint-based compilation for noisy intermediate-scale quantum systems. Microprocessors and Microsystems 66 (2019) 102\u2013112. DOI:10.1016\/j.micpro.2019.02.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2019.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. H. Myerson D. J. Szwer S. C. Webster D. T. C. Allcock M. J. Curtis G. Imreh J. A. Sherman D. N. Stacey A. M. Steane and D. M. Lucas. 2008. High-fidelity readout of trapped-ion qubits. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 20 (May2008) 200502. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.200502","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.200502"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amal Nammouchi Andreas Kassler and Andrea Theocharis. 2024. Quantum machine learning in climate change and sustainability: A short review. Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series (2024). Retrieved from https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:267215007","DOI":"10.1609\/aaaiss.v2i1.27657"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Julien Niset Jarom\u00edr Fiur\u00e1\u0161ek and Nicolas J. Cerf. 2009. No-go theorem for Gaussian quantum error correction. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 12 (Mar2009) 120501. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevLett.102.120501","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.102.120501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali Passian et\u00a0al. 2022. The concept of a quantum edge simulator: Edge computing and sensing in the quantum era. Sensors 23 1 (2022) 115.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23010115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Luca Pezz\u00e9 and Augusto Smerzi. 2009. Entanglement nonlinear dynamics and the heisenberg limit. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 10 (Mar2009) 100401. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevLett.102.100401","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.102.100401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","unstructured":"John Preskill. 1998. Lecture notes for physics 229: Quantum information and computation. California Institute of Technology 16 1 (1998) 1\u20138."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"John Preskill. 2018. Quantum computing in the NISQ era and beyond. Quantum 2 (Aug.2018) 79. DOI:10.22331\/q-2018-08-06-79","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2018-08-06-79"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mariusz Radtke Ettore Bernardi Abdallah Slablab Richard Nelz and Elke Neu. 2019. Nanoscale sensing based on nitrogen vacancy centersin single crystal diamond and nanodiamonds:achievements and challenges. arXiv:1909.03719. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1909.03719","DOI":"10.1088\/2399-1984\/ab5f9b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L. Rondin J.-P. Tetienne T. Hingant J.-F. Roch P. Maletinsky and V. Jacques. 2014. Magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond. Reports on Progress in Physics 77 5 (May2014) 056503. DOI:10.1088\/0034-4885\/77\/5\/056503","DOI":"10.1088\/0034-4885\/77\/5\/056503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vera C. Rubin and Jr. Ford W. Kent. 1970. Rotation of the andromeda nebula from a spectroscopic survey of emission regions. apj 159 (Feb.1970) 379. DOI:10.1086\/150317","DOI":"10.1086\/150317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"T. Ruster C. T. Schmiegelow H. Kaufmann C. Warschburger F. Schmidt-Kaler and U. G. Poschinger. 2016. A long-lived zeeman trapped-ion qubit. Applied Physics B 122 10 (Sept.2016). DOI:10.1007\/s00340-016-6527-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s00340-016-6527-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"P. O. Schmidt T. Rosenband C. Langer W. M. Itano J. C. Bergquist and D. J. Wineland. 2005. Spectroscopy using quantum logic. Science 309 5735 (2005) 749\u2013752. DOI:10.1126\/science.1114375","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1114375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maria Schuld Ilya Sinayskiy and Francesco Petruccione. 2014. An introduction to quantum machine learning. Contemporary Physics 56 2 (Oct.2014) 172\u2013185. DOI:10.1080\/00107514.2014.964942","DOI":"10.1080\/00107514.2014.964942"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yannick Seis Benjamin J. Brown Anders S. S\u00f8rensen and Joseph F. Goodwin. 2023. Improving trapped-ion-qubit memories via code-mediated error-channel balancing. Phys. Rev. A 107 5 (May2023) 052417. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevA.107.052417","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.107.052417"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jeffrey H. Shapiro and Seth Lloyd. 2009. Quantum illumination versus coherent-state target detection. New Journal of Physics 11 6 (June2009) 063045. DOI:10.1088\/1367-2630\/11\/6\/063045","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/11\/6\/063045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/QCE52317.2021.00023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/qce52317.2021.00023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","unstructured":"Samuel A Stein Betis Baheri Daniel Chen Ying Mao Qiang Guan Ang Li Shuai Xu and Caiwen Ding. 2022. Quclassi: A hybrid deep neural network architecture based on quantum state fidelity. Proceedings of Machine Learning and Systems 4 (2022) 251\u2013264."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. M. Taylor P. Cappellaro L. Childress L. Jiang D. Budker P. R. Hemmer A. Yacoby R. Walsworth and M. D. Lukin. 2008. High-sensitivity diamond magnetometer with nanoscale resolution. Nature Physics 4 10 (Sept.2008) 810\u2013816. DOI:10.1038\/nphys1075","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys1075"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"the Virgo Collaboration The LIGO Scientific Collaboration. 2016. Observation of gravitational waves from a binary black hole merger. Physical Review Letters 116 6 (Feb.2016). DOI:10.1103\/physrevlett.116.061102","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.116.061102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. L. Todaro V. B. Verma K. C. McCormick D. T. C. Allcock R. P. Mirin D. J. Wineland S. W. Nam A. C. Wilson D. Leibfried and D. H. Slichter. 2021. State readout of a trapped ion qubit using a trap-integrated superconducting photon detector. Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 1 (Jan2021) 010501. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevLett.126.010501","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.126.010501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G. C. Topp J. L. Davis and A. P. Annan. 1980. Electromagnetic determination of soil water content: Measurements in coaxial transmission lines. Water Resources Research 16 3 (June1980) 574\u2013582. DOI:10.1029\/WR016i003p00574","DOI":"10.1029\/WR016i003p00574"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","unstructured":"Hai-Tao Tu Kai-Yu Liao Guoli He Yi Zhu Siying Qiu Hao Jiang Wei Huang Wu Bian Hui Yan and Shi-Liang Zhu. 2023. Approaching the standard quantum limit of a Rydberg-atom microwave electrometer. Retrieved from https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:260316389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","unstructured":"Denis V. Vasilyev Athreya Shankar Raphael Kaubruegger and Peter Zoller. 2024. Optimal Multiparameter Metrology: The Quantum Compass Solution. arXiv:2404.14194. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2404.14194"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seyed Shakib Vedaie Eduardo J. P\u00e1ez Nhung H. Nguyen Norbert M. Linke and Barry C. Sanders. 2023. Bespoke pulse design for robust rapid two-qubit gates with trapped ions. Phys. Rev. Res. 5 2 (May2023) 023098. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevResearch.5.023098","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevResearch.5.023098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G. Waldherr Y. Wang S. Zaiser M. Jamali T. Schulte-Herbr\u00fcggen H. Abe T. Ohshima J. Isoya J. F. Du P. Neumann et\u00a0al. 2014. Quantum error correction in a solid-state hybrid spin register. Nature 506 7487 (Feb.2014) 204\u2013207. DOI:10.1038\/nature12919","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12919"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"T. Walter P. Kurpiers S. Gasparinetti P. Magnard A. Poto\u010dnik Y. Salath\u00e9 M. Pechal M. Mondal M. Oppliger C. Eichler et\u00a0al. 2017. Rapid high-fidelity single-shot dispersive readout of superconducting qubits. Physical Review Applied 7 5 (May2017). DOI:10.1103\/physrevapplied.7.054020","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevapplied.7.054020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pengfei Wang Chun-Yang Luan Mu Qiao Mark Um Junhua Zhang Ye Wang Xiao Yuan Mile Gu Jingning Zhang and Kihwan Kim. 2021. Single ion qubit with estimated coherence time exceeding one hour. Nature Communications 12 1 (Jan.2021). DOI:10.1038\/s41467-020-20330-w","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20330-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ye Wang Mark Um Junhua Zhang Shuoming An Ming Lyu Jing-Ning Zhang L.-M. Duan Dahyun Yum and Kihwan Kim. 2017. Single-qubit quantum memory exceeding ten-minute coherence time. Nature Photonics 11 10 (Sept.2017) 646\u2013650. DOI:10.1038\/s41566-017-0007-1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-017-0007-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. A. Weber M. F. Gely R. K. Hanley T. P. Harty A. D. Leu C. M. L\u00f6schnauer D. P. Nadlinger and D. M. Lucas. 2024. Robust and fast microwave-driven quantum logic for trapped-ion qubits. Phys. Rev. A 110 1 (Jul2024) L010601. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevA.110.L010601","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.110.L010601"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. A. Weber M. F. Gely R. K. Hanley T. P. Harty A. D. Leu C. M. L\u00f6schnauer D. P. Nadlinger and D. M. Lucas. 2024. Robust and fast microwave-driven quantum logic for trapped-ion qubits. Physical Review A 110 1 (July2024). DOI:10.1103\/physreva.110.l010601","DOI":"10.1103\/physreva.110.l010601"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stephanie Wehner David Elkouss and Ronald Hanson. 2018. Quantum internet: A vision for the road ahead. Science 362 6412 (2018) eaam9288. DOI:10.10841126\/science.aam9288","DOI":"10.10841126\/science.aam9288"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Clifford M. Will. 2014. The confrontation between general relativity and experiment. Living Reviews in Relativity 17 1 (June2014). DOI:10.12942\/lrr-2014-4","DOI":"10.12942\/lrr-2014-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"B. D. Wood G. A. Stimpson J. E. March Y. N. D. Lekhai C. J. Stephen B. L. Green A. C. Frangeskou L. Gin\u00e9s S. Mandal O. A. Williams et\u00a0al. 2022. Long spin coherence times of nitrogen vacancy centers in milled nanodiamonds. Phys. Rev. B 105 20 (May2022) 205401. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevB.105.205401","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.105.205401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613424.3614253"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wenchao Xu Aditya V. Venkatramani Sergio H. Cant\u00fa Tamara \u0160umarac Valentin Kl\u00fcsener Mikhail D. Lukin and Vladan Vuleti\u0107. 2021. Fast preparation and detection of a Rydberg qubit using atomic ensembles. Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 5 (Jul2021) 050501. DOI:10.1103\/PhysRevLett.127.050501","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.127.050501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zheshen Zhang Maria Tengner Tian Zhong Franco N. C. Wong and Jeffrey H. Shapiro. 2013. Entanglement\u2019s benefit survives an entanglement-breaking channel. Physical Review Letters 111 1 (July2013). DOI:10.1103\/physrevlett.111.010501","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.111.010501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zheshen Zhang and Quntao Zhuang. 2021. Distributed quantum sensing. Quantum Science and Technology 6 4 (jul2021) 043001. DOI:10.1088\/2058-9565\/abd4c3","DOI":"10.1088\/2058-9565\/abd4c3"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Quantum Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3795881","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T11:35:27Z","timestamp":1776944127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3795881"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3795881"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3795881","relation":{},"ISSN":["2643-6809","2643-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2643-6809","type":"print"},{"value":"2643-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}