{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T01:49:34Z","timestamp":1782006574507,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":50,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3797246.3803051","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:08:10Z","timestamp":1780056490000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["When Machines Observe Architects"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0772-158X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3219-3930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takehiko","family":"Nagakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_1_2","volume-title":"The ten books of architecture (The 1755 Leoni ed.)","author":"Alberti Leon Battista","unstructured":"Leon Battista Alberti. 1986. The ten books of architecture (The 1755 Leoni ed.). Dover Publications."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2_2","volume-title":"The villas of Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret,1920-1930 (Rev. and expanded ed.)","author":"Benton Tim","unstructured":"Tim Benton. 2007. The villas of Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret,1920-1930 (Rev. and expanded ed.). Birkh\u00e4user."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.33.4.753"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hanfeng Chen Shiqi Jiang Hong Yin . 2024. GeoVis: A data-driven geographic visualization recommendation system via latent space encoding.\u00a0Journal of Visualization \u00a027(4) 603-622. doi:10.1007\/s12650-024-00986-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s12650-024-00986-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_5_2","volume-title":"Ching and Steven P Juroszek","author":"Francis D.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Francis D. K. Ching and Steven P Juroszek. 2012. Design Drawing (2. Aufl.). Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn755"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57883-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_8_2","volume-title":"The object stares back: on the nature of seeing","author":"Elkins James","unstructured":"James Elkins. 1996. The object stares back: on the nature of seeing. Simon & Schuster."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_9_2","volume-title":"Rendering the visual field: illusion becomes reality","author":"Forseth Kevin","unstructured":"Kevin Forseth. 1991. Rendering the visual field: illusion becomes reality. Van Nostrand Reinhold."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0055307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9455.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_12_2","volume-title":"The art of architectural illustration","author":"Grice Gordon","unstructured":"Gordon Grice. 1997. The art of architectural illustration. McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"John M. Henderson . 2007. Visual saliency does not account for eye movements during visual search in real-world scenes.\u00a0 Chapter 25 in Eye movements: a window on mind and brain.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008044980-7\/50027-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194783"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2023.2191256"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.730558"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_17_2","volume-title":"The principles of psychology","author":"James William","unstructured":"William James. 1890. The principles of psychology. H. Holt and Company."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.87.4.329"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7503.003.0091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_20_2","volume-title":"Pedagogical sketchbook","author":"Klee Paul","unstructured":"Paul Klee. 1953. Pedagogical sketchbook. F.A. Praeger."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2896452"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01270-0_47"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0042-6989(01)00102-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11136197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0030062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_26_2","volume-title":"Constructing design concepts: a computational approach to the synthesis of architectural form","author":"Kotsopoulos Sotirious D.","unstructured":"Sotirious D. Kotsopoulos. 2015. Constructing design concepts: a computational approach to the synthesis of architectural form. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783034610926"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2020.103133"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_29_2","volume-title":"Comparing Visual Search Patterns in Chest X-Ray Diagnostics. ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, ETRA","author":"Moreira Catarina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Catarina Moreira, Diogo Miguel Alvito, Sandra Costa Sousa . 2023. Comparing Visual Search Patterns in Chest X-Ray Diagnostics. ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, ETRA 2023, 1\u20136.\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"David Noton and Lawrence Stark. 1971. Scanpaths in eye movements during pattern perception. Science. Jan 22;171(3968):308-11. doi: 10.1126\/science.171.3968.308. PMID: 5538847.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.171.3968.308"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_31_2","volume-title":"31st Conference on Neural information Processing Systems, Long Beach CA, USA. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1711","author":"van der Oord Aaron","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aaron van der Oord, Oriol Vinyals and Koray Kavukcuoglu. 2017. Neural discrete representation learning. 31st Conference on Neural information Processing Systems, Long Beach CA, USA. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1711.00937."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.70127"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_33_2","volume-title":"The architect's eye: visualization and depiction of space in architecture","author":"Porter Tom","unstructured":"Tom Porter. 1997. The architect's eye: visualization and depiction of space in architecture (1st ed.). E & FN Spon.","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199670000.003.0005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Keith Rayner. 1998. Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research.\u00a0Psychological Bulletin 124(3) 372\u2013422.\u00a010.1037\/0033-2909.124.3.372","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.124.3.372"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_36_2","unstructured":"Michael S. Ryoo . 2021. \u00a0Tokenlearner: What can 8 learned tokens do for images and videos?.\u00a0arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.11297."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/urbansci4020026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_38_2","volume-title":"The art of architectural drawing: imagination and technique","author":"Schaller Thomas W.","unstructured":"Thomas W. Schaller. 1997. The art of architectural drawing: imagination and technique. Van Nostrand Reinhold."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_39_2","volume-title":"Florian Schindler and Alfred Schabmann","author":"Schindler Maike","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maike Schindler, Eveline Bader, Achim J. Lilienthal, Florian Schindler and Alfred Schabmann. 2019. Quantity recognition in structured whole number representations of students with mathematical difficulties: An Eye-Tracking study. Learning Disabilities (Weston, Mass.), 17(1), 5-."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.20.12.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2391-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_1_42_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"Eye-tracking Boston City Hall to better understand human perception and the architectural experience","volume":"3","author":"Sussman Ann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ann Sussman and Janice M. Ward. 2019. Eye-tracking Boston City Hall to better understand human perception and the architectural experience. New Design Ideas, 3(1), 53 - 59.","journal-title":"New Design Ideas"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195381634.003.0004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_44_2","volume-title":"Pascal Fua and Eduard Trulls","author":"Michal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Michal J, Tyszkiewicz, Pascal Fua and Eduard Trulls. 2020. Disk: Learning local features with policy gradient.\u00a0Advances in neural information processing systems,\u00a033, 14254-14265."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03200774"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3588015.3589840"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-009-1879-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-5379-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_49_2","volume-title":"Niehorster and Kenneth Holmqvist","author":"Zemblys Raimondas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Raimondas Zemblys, Diederick C, Niehorster and Kenneth Holmqvist. 2018. GazeNet: End-to-end eye-movement event detection with deep neural networks."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470828144"}],"event":{"name":"ETRA '26: 2026 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","location":"Marrakesh Morocco","acronym":"ETRA '26","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","SIGGRAPH ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2026 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3797246.3803051","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T01:12:12Z","timestamp":1782004332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3797246.3803051"}},"subtitle":["A Vector Quantization variant model that learns visual codes and recognizes design intentions from human architects"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3797246.3803051","10.1145\/3797246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3797246.3803051","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}