{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T01:49:32Z","timestamp":1782006572230,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":37,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union \u2013 CyberSecDome project (Third-Party Funding \/ FSTP, PRINIA-CSD)","award":["Grant Agreement No. 101120779"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Agreement No. 101120779"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3797246.3804836","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:08:10Z","timestamp":1780056490000},"page":"1-7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Empirical Study of Privacy-Utility Trade-offs in Gaze-Based Authentication for Extended Reality"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9805-8400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George E.","family":"Raptis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Opsis, Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7136-4625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Chrysopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece and Human Opsis, Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4418-7199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Katsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Opsis, Patras, Western Greece, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3531073.3531092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ayush Agarwal Raghavendra Ramachandra Sushma Venkatesh and S.\u00a0R.\u00a0Mahadeva Prasanna. 2024. Biometrics in Extended Reality: A Review. Discover Artificial Intelligence 4 1 (Nov. 2024) 37\u00a0pages. 10.1007\/s44163-024-00190-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s44163-024-00190-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCB48548.2020.9304919"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-48051-9_22"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3517031.3529618"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brendan David-John Kevin Butler and Eakta Jain. 2023. Privacy-preserving datasets of eye-tracking samples with applications in XR. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 29 5 (2023) 2774\u20132784.","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2023.3247048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lingyu Du Jinyuan Jia Xucong Zhang and Guohao Lan. 2024. PrivateGaze: Preserving User Privacy in Black-box Mobile Gaze Tracking Services. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 8 3 (Aug. 2024) 1\u201328. 10.1145\/3678595","DOI":"10.1145\/3678595"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3546155.3546663"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayar Elfares Pascal Reisert Zhiming Hu Wenwu Tang Ralf K\u00fcsters and Andreas Bulling. 2024. PrivatEyes: appearance-based gaze estimation using federated secure multi-party computation. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 8 ETRA (2024) 1\u201323.","DOI":"10.1145\/3655606"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayar Elfares Pascal Reisert Ralf K\u00fcsters and Andreas Bulling. 2025. Gaze3P: Gaze-Based Prediction of User-Perceived Privacy.","DOI":"10.56553\/popets-2026-0002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3174910.3174936"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376840"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Christina Katsini Gregory Epiphaniou and Carsten Maple. 2026. AURA-XR: A risk-based methodology for the optimal selection of user authentication mechanisms in extended reality. Computers & Security 162 (2026) 22\u00a0pages. 10.1016\/j.cose.2025.104779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2025.104779"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K. Krishna\u00a0Prakasha and U. Sumalatha. 2025. Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Biometric Systems: Approaches and Challenges. IEEE Access 13 (2025) 32584\u201332616. 10.1109\/access.2025.3541649","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3541649"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NTMS.2018.8328719"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chunyong Li Jiguo Xue Cheng Quan Jingwei Yue and Chenggang Zhang. 2018. Biometric Recognition via Texture Features of Eye Movement Trajectories in a Visual Searching Task. PLOS ONE 13 4 (Apr 2018) 1\u201324. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0194475","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194475"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Feng Li Jiayi Zhao Huan Yang Dongxiao Yu Yuanfeng Zhou and Yiran Shen. 2024. VibHead: An Authentication Scheme for Smart Headsets through Vibration. ACM Trans. Sen. Netw. 20 4 Article 91 (May 2024) 21\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3614432","DOI":"10.1145\/3614432"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3607199.3607209"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yung-Hui Li and Po-Jen Huang. 2017. An Accurate and Efficient User Authentication Mechanism on Smart Glasses Based on Iris Recognition. Mobile Information Systems 2017 1 (2017) 14\u00a0pages. 10.1155\/2017\/1281020","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1281020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3489849.3489880"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dillon Lohr and Oleg\u00a0V. Komogortsev. 2022. Eye Know You Too: Toward Viable End-to-End Eye Movement Biometrics for User Authentication. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 17 (2022) 3151\u20133164. 10.1109\/TIFS.2022.3201369","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2022.3201369"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ijcb62174.2024.10744483"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAICT.2015.7338544"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Florian Mathis John\u00a0H. Williamson Kami Vaniea and Mohamed Khamis. 2021. Fast and Secure Authentication in Virtual Reality Using Coordinated 3D Manipulation and Pointing. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 28 1 (Jan. 2021) 1\u201344. 10.1145\/3428121","DOI":"10.1145\/3428121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S\u00fcleyman \u00d6zdel Efe Bozkir and Enkelejda Kasneci. 2024. Privacy-preserving Scanpath Comparison for Pervasive Eye Tracking. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 8 ETRA (May 2024) 1\u201328. 10.1145\/3655605","DOI":"10.1145\/3655605"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3519391.3519411"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icca62237.2024.10928041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abdul Rehman Are Daehlen Ilona Heldal and Jerry Chun-Wei Lin. 2026. Privacy Preservation and Identity Tracing Prevention in AI-Driven Eye Tracking for Interactive Learning Environments. IEEE Access 14 (2026) 11403\u201311423. 10.1109\/access.2025.3645115","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3645115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yiran Shen Hongkai Wen Chengwen Luo Weitao Xu Tao Zhang Wen Hu and Daniela Rus. 2019. GaitLock: Protect Virtual and Augmented Reality Headsets Using Gait. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 16 3 (2019) 484\u2013497. 10.1109\/TDSC.2018.2800048","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2018.2800048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ivo Sluganovic Marc Roeschlin Kasper\u00a0B. Rasmussen and Ivan Martinovic. 2018. Analysis of Reflexive Eye Movements for Fast Replay-Resistant Biometric Authentication. ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security 22 1 Article 4 (Nov 2018) 30\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3281745","DOI":"10.1145\/3281745"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3314111.3319915"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3314111.3319913"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP46215.2023.10179367"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702316"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3393527.3393551"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2017.7997251"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2023.24298"}],"event":{"name":"ETRA '26: 2026 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","location":"Marrakesh Morocco","acronym":"ETRA '26","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","SIGGRAPH ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2026 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3797246.3804836","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T01:13:02Z","timestamp":1782004382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3797246.3804836"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3797246.3804836","10.1145\/3797246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3797246.3804836","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}