{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T01:49:23Z","timestamp":1782006563223,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":15,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3797246.3806014","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:08:10Z","timestamp":1780056490000},"page":"1-7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cognitive Attention Map: Semantic Tokenization of Source Code via OCR-Based AOI Identification across Performance Levels"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8411-1450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wudao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2155-6070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Asaduzzaman","family":"Rasel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology, Monash University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9278-4348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seng Yue","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4822-2174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Unaizah","family":"Obaidellah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Magdalena Andrzejewska and Pawe\u0142 Kotoniak. 2020. Development of Program Comprehension Skills by Novice Programmers \u2013 Longitudinal Eye Tracking Studies. Informatics in Education 19 4 (Dec. 2020) 521\u2013541. 10.15388\/infedu.2020.23","DOI":"10.15388\/infedu.2020.23"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE-Companion58688.2023.00022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPC.2015.36"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2526968.2526969"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gary Cheng Di Zou Haoran Xie and Fu\u00a0Lee Wang. 2024. Exploring differences in self-regulated learning strategy use between high- and low-performing students in introductory programming: An analysis of eye-tracking and retrospective think-aloud data from program comprehension. Computers & Education 208 (Jan. 2024) 104948. 10.1016\/j.compedu.2023.104948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2023.104948"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sarah Jessup Sasha\u00a0M. Willis Gene Alarcon and Michael Lee. 2021. Using Eye-Tracking Data to Compare Differences in Code Comprehension and Code Perceptions between Expert and Novice Programmers. 10.24251\/HICSS.2021.013","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2021.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3503161.3547977"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Niloofar Mansoor Cole\u00a0S. Peterson Michael\u00a0D. Dodd and Bonita Sharif. 2024. Assessing the Effect of Programming Language and Task Type on Eye Movements of Computer Science Students. ACM Transactions on Computing Education 24 1 (March 2024) 1\u201338. 10.1145\/3632530","DOI":"10.1145\/3632530"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ian McChesney and Raymond Bond. 2019. Eye tracking analysis of computer program comprehension in programmers with dyslexia. Empirical Software Engineering 24 3 (June 2019) 1109\u20131154. 10.1007\/s10664-018-9649-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-018-9649-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3204493.3204537"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20948\/graphicon-2022-228-239"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APSEC.2015.53"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3715669.3725866"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wudao Yang Seng\u00a0Yue Wong and Unaizah Obaidellah. 2025b. Automated token-level AOIs using OCR for predicting novice programmers\u2019 visual attention. International Journal of Modern Physics C (Dec. 2025) 2542023. 10.1142\/S0129183125420239","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129183125420239"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yifan Zhang Jiliang Li Zachary Karas Aakash Bansal Toby Jia-Jun Li Collin McMillan Kevin Leach and Yu Huang. 2024. EyeTrans: Merging Human and Machine Attention for Neural Code Summarization. Proceedings of the ACM on Software Engineering 1 FSE (July 2024) 115\u2013136. 10.1145\/3643732","DOI":"10.1145\/3643732"}],"event":{"name":"ETRA '26: 2026 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","location":"Marrakesh Morocco","acronym":"ETRA '26","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","SIGGRAPH ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2026 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3797246.3806014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T01:06:35Z","timestamp":1782003995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3797246.3806014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3797246.3806014","10.1145\/3797246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3797246.3806014","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}