{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T10:54:42Z","timestamp":1781866482016,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":24,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF (National Science Foundation)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2324873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2324873"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008428","name":"Department of Energy and Climate Change","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DECR0000041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DECR0000041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3797248.3815400","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T10:46:08Z","timestamp":1781865968000},"page":"8-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CarbonSim: A Lifecycle-Aware Framework for Evaluating Carbon Tradeoffs in Hardware Upgrade Decisions"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4246-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kartik","family":"Hans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6175-9205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaiwen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9022-4259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3575693.3575754"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anders\u00a0SG Andrae and Tomas Edler. 2015. On global electricity usage of communication technology: trends to 2030. Challenges 6 1 (2015) 117\u2013157.","DOI":"10.3390\/challe6010117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noman Bashir David Irwin and Prashant Shenoy. 2024. On the promise and pitfalls of optimizing embodied carbon. ACM SIGENERGY Energy Informatics Review 4 3 (2024) 94\u201399.","DOI":"10.1145\/3698365.3698380"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigo\u00a0N Calheiros Rajiv Ranjan Anton Beloglazov C\u00e9sar\u00a0AF De\u00a0Rose and Rajkumar Buyya. 2011. CloudSim: a toolkit for modeling and simulation of cloud computing environments and evaluation of resource provisioning algorithms. Software: Practice and experience 41 1 (2011) 23\u201350.","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrew\u00a0A Chien. 2021. Driving the cloud to true zero carbon. 5\u20135\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.1145\/3445037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Daniel Bizo. 2023. Server efficiency increases again \u2014 but so do the caveats. https:\/\/journal.uptimeinstitute.com\/server-efficiency-increases-again-but-so-do-the-caveats\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NOMS.2012.6211963"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"elecmap 2024. Electricity Map API.https:\/\/www.electricitymaps.com\/[Date Accessed (Dec 20 2024)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3604930.3605712"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3470496.3527408"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA51647.2021.00076"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Adam Lechowicz Nicolas Christianson Bo Sun Noman Bashir Mohammad Hajiesmaili Adam Wierman and Prashant Shenoy. 2024. CarbonClipper: Optimal Algorithms for Carbon-Aware Spatiotemporal Workload Management. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2408.07831 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"David Patterson Joseph Gonzalez Quoc Le Chen Liang Lluis-Miquel Munguia Daniel Rothchild David So Maud Texier and Jeff Dean. 2021. Carbon emissions and large neural network training. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2104.10350 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alberto Prieto Beatriz Prieto Juan\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Escobar and Thomas Lampert. 2025. Evolution of computing energy efficiency: Koomey\u2019s law revisited. Cluster Computing 28 1 (2025) 42.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-024-04767-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Rabih Bashroush. 2020. Optimizing server refresh cycles with an aging Moore\u2019s law. https:\/\/journal.uptimeinstitute.com\/optimizing-server-refresh-cycles-with-an-aging-moores-law\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ana Radovanovi\u0107 Ross Koningstein Ian Schneider Bokan Chen Alexandre Duarte Binz Roy Diyue Xiao Maya Haridasan Patrick Hung Nick Care et\u00a0al. 2022. Carbon-aware computing for datacenters. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 38 2 (2022) 1270\u20131280.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2022.3173250"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Philipp Raith Thomas Rausch Alireza Furutanpey and Schahram Dustdar. 2023. faas-sim: A trace-driven simulation framework for serverless edge computing platforms. Software: Practice and Experience 53 12 (2023) 2327\u20132361.","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.3277"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3575693.3575709"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3575693.3575710"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCA59077.2024.00041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shilin Wen Rui Han Ke Qiu Xiaoxin Ma Zeqing Li Hongjie Deng and Chi\u00a0Harold Liu. 2023. K8sSim: A Simulation Tool for Kubernetes Schedulers and Its Applications in Scheduling Algorithm Optimization. Micromachines 14 3 (2023) 651.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14030651"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Philipp Wiesner Ilja Behnke Paul Kilian Marvin Steinke and Odej Kao. 2024. Vessim: A testbed for carbon-aware applications and systems. Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin: Berlin Germany (2024).","DOI":"10.1145\/3727200.3727210"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3464298.3493399"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chenhan Xu Kun Wang Peng Li Rui Xia Song Guo and Minyi Guo. 2018. Renewable energy-aware big data analytics in geo-distributed data centers with reinforcement learning. IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering 7 1 (2018) 205\u2013215.","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2018.2813333"}],"event":{"name":"IGSC '26: International Green and Sustainable Computing Conference","location":"Canandaigua USA","acronym":"IGSC 2026","sponsor":["SIGDA ACM Special Interest Group on Design Automation"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Green and Sustainable Computing Conference"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1145\/3797248.3815400","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T10:49:04Z","timestamp":1781866144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3797248.3815400"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3797248.3815400","10.1145\/3797248"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3797248.3815400","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}