{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T12:51:26Z","timestamp":1776430286059,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62272163, U23A20305, 62272349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272163, U23A20305, 62272349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFB3102900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3102900"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013057","name":"Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["254000510007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["254000510007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Inf. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The geographic location of social media users is crucial for understanding user behavior, optimizing advertising, and supporting location-based services such as emergency awareness and event monitoring services. However, existing Twitter user geolocation methods primarily focus on explicit social relationships between users while overlooking implicit location correlations, which affects the accuracy of user geolocation. To address this, this article proposes a Twitter user geolocation method (GeoICMF) based on implicit location correlations and multi-scale feature fusion. GeoICMF introduces a novel location association graph construction method to effectively capture implicit location correlations among users, an innovative multi-scale feature fusion model to dynamically fuse multi-scale features and generate richer user representations, and a pioneering geographic partitioning method to better adapt to user location distributions and enhance geolocation accuracy. Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets demonstrate that GeoICMF outperforms state-of-the-art baseline methods in Twitter user geolocation tasks, validating the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3797894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T13:11:03Z","timestamp":1772457063000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["GeoICMF: Twitter User Geolocation Based on Implicit Location Correlation and Multi-Scale Feature Fusion"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1023-574X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuaihui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and\u00a0Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7090-4094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaqiong","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Cryptology and Cyber Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5181-4045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiangtao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin,\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6062-2950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3144-6374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2488388.2488392"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BIGDATA.2016.7840880"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1772690.1772698"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2018.8462191"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICHCI58871.2023.10277707"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3294771.3294869"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3341161.3342961"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/JAIR.4200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1480"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"218","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Noisy User-Generated Text (WNUT \u201916)","author":"Jayasinghe Gaya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gaya Jayasinghe, Brian Jin, James Mchugh, Bella Robinson, and Stephen Wan. 2016. CSIRO Data61 at the WNUT geo shared task. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Noisy User-Generated Text (WNUT \u201916). Bo Han, Alan Ritter, Leon Derczynski, Wei Xu, and Tim Baldwin (Eds.), The COLING 2016 Organizing Committee, 218\u2013226. Retrieved from https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/W16-3929\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1467-9671.2011.01297.X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10707-017-0296-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v7i1.14399"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Diederik P. Kingma and Jimmy Ba. 2017. Adam: A method for stochastic optimization. arXiv: 1412.6980v9. Retrieved from 10.48550\/arXiv.1412.6980"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR \u201917)","author":"Kipf Thomas N.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thomas N. Kipf and Max Welling. 2017. Semi-supervised classification with graph convolutional networks. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR \u201917). Retrieved from https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=SJU4ayYgl"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3539618.3591733"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3555374"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10479-020-03684-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IPM.2020.102375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2505515.2505544"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3589334.3647982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-6102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/FI13020046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3404111.3404114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"Afshin Rahimi. 2018. Analysing the Interplay of Location Language and Links Utilising Geotagged Twitter Content. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia. Retrieved from http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/11343\/214461"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/V1\/P15-2104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/V1\/P17-2033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/V1\/P18-1187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/V1\/N15-1153"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2567948.2579236"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(88)90021-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10707-021-00446-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04174-7_29"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3366423.3380019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41695-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR \u201918)","author":"Velickovic Petar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Petar Velickovic, Guillem Cucurull, Arantxa Casanova, Adriana Romero, Pietro Li\u00f2, and Yoshua Bengio. 2018. Graph attention networks. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR \u201918). Retrieved from OpenReview.net.https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=rJXMpikCZ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57454-7_47","volume-title":"Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","author":"Wang Fengjiao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fengjiao Wang, Chun-Ta Lu, Yongzhi Qu, and Philip S. Yu. 2017. Collective Geographical Embedding for Geolocating Social Network Users. In Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. Jinho Kim, Kyuseok Shim, Longbing Cao, Jae-Gil Lee, Xuemin Lin, and Yang-Sae Moon (Eds.), Springer International Publishing, 599\u2013611."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","unstructured":"Felix Wu Amauri Souza Tianyi Zhang Christopher Fifty Tao Yu and Kilian Weinberger. 2019. Simplifying graph convolutional networks. In Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Proceedings of Machine Learning Vol. 97. Kamalika Chaudhuri and Ruslan Salakhutdinov (Eds.) PMLR 6861\u20136871. Retrieved from https:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v97\/wu19e.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3589334.3645443"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-89363-7_33"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3132847.3133067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3397271.3401329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2993876"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2022.3154204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.INFFUS.2021.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.DSS.2019.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2020.102312"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3797894","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T12:00:02Z","timestamp":1776427202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3797894"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3797894"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3797894","relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-8188","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2868","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}