{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T18:57:06Z","timestamp":1781031426441,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":23,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF (National Science Foundation)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2401414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2401414"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship","award":["0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0"]}]},{"name":"AFOSR","award":["FA9550-23-1-0410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA9550-23-1-0410"]}]},{"name":"Simons Collaboration grant","award":["0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3798129.3800876","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T17:53:56Z","timestamp":1781027636000},"page":"1684-1691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Language Generation and Identification from Partial Enumeration: Tight Density Bounds and Topological Characterizations"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1929-2512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon","family":"Kleinberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, Ithaca, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9123-0396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University, Durham, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeyuan Allen-Zhu and Yuanzhi Li. 2024. Physics of Language Models: Part 1 Learning Hierarchical Language Structures.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5250639"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing. 130\u2013141","author":"Angluin D.","year":"1979","unstructured":"D. Angluin. 1979. Finding patterns common to a set of strings. In Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing. 130\u2013141."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(80)90285-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR).","author":"Arjovsky M.","unstructured":"M. Arjovsky and L. Bottou. 2017. Towards principled methods for training generative adversarial networks. In International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML).","author":"Arjovsky M.","unstructured":"M. Arjovsky, S. Chintala, and L. Bottou. 2017. International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Yannan Bai Debmalya Panigrahi and Ian Zhang. 2025. Language Generation in the Limit: Noise Loss and Feedback. arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.15319."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"M. Charikar and C. Pabbaraju. 2024. Exploring facets of language generation in the limit. arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.15364."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(67)91165-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Steve Hanneke Amin Karbasi Anay Mehrotra and Grigoris Velegkas. 2025. On Union\u2011Closedness of Language Generation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.18642."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC).","author":"Kalai A.","unstructured":"A. Kalai and S. Vempala. 2024. Calibrated language models must hallucinate. In ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Alkis Kalavasis Anay Mehrotra and Grigoris Velegkas. 2024. Characterizations of Language Generation With Breadth. arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.18530."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 57th annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing.","author":"Kalavasis A.","unstructured":"A. Kalavasis, A. Mehrotra, and G. Velegkas. 2025. On the Limits of Language Generation: Trade-Offs Between Hallucination and Mode-Collapse. In Proceedings of the 57th annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alkis Kalavasis Anay Mehrotra and Grigoris Velegkas. 2025. On the Limits of Language Generation: Trade\u2011Offs Between Hallucination and Mode Collapse. In STOC.","DOI":"10.1145\/3717823.3718108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"The 38th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems.","author":"Kleinberg Jon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jon Kleinberg and Sendhil Mullainathan. 2024. Language Generation in the Limit. NeurIPS 2024, The 38th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Density Measures for Language Generation. In 66th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS","author":"Kleinberg Jon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jon Kleinberg and Fan Wei. 2025. Density Measures for Language Generation. In 66th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Language Generation and Identification From Partial Enumeration: Tight Density Bounds and Topological Characterizations. In STOC","author":"Kleinberg Jon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jon Kleinberg and Fan Wei. 2025. Language Generation and Identification From Partial Enumeration: Tight Density Bounds and Topological Characterizations. In STOC 2026, arXiv:2511.05295."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"J. Li V. Raman and A. Tewari. 2024. Generation through the lens of learning theory. arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.13714."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Jiaxun Li Vinod Raman and Ambuj Tewari. 2025. Generation through the Lens of Learning Theory. In COLT."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"On Limitations of the Transformer Architecture. In Conference on Language Modeling.","author":"Peng B.","unstructured":"B. Peng, S. Narayanan, and C. Papadimitriou. 2024. On Limitations of the Transformer Architecture. In Conference on Language Modeling."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"Ananth Raman and Vinod Raman. 2025. Generation from Noisy Examples. In ICML."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"C. Sanford D. J. Hsu and M. Telgarsky. 2023. Representational strengths and limitations of transformers. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"ALPINE: Unveiling the Planning Capability of Autoregressive Learning in Language Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.09220.","author":"Wang S.","year":"2024","unstructured":"S. Wang, Y. Shen, S. Feng, H. Sun, S. H. Teng, and W. Chen. 2024. ALPINE: Unveiling the Planning Capability of Autoregressive Learning in Language Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.09220."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML). 139","author":"Weiss G.","unstructured":"G. Weiss, Y. Goldberg, and E. Yahav. 2021. Thinking Like Transformers. In Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML). 139, 11080\u201311090."}],"event":{"name":"STOC '26: 58th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing","location":"Salt Lake City UT USA","acronym":"STOC '26","sponsor":["SIGACT ACM Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 58th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3798129.3800876","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3798129.3800876","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T17:59:38Z","timestamp":1781027978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3798129.3800876"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3798129.3800876","10.1145\/3798129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3798129.3800876","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}