{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T07:57:20Z","timestamp":1781337440131,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":47,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAREER-2427455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAREER-2427455"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006978","name":"University of California Berkeley","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["France-Berkeley Fund"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["France-Berkeley Fund"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006978","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"DAAD","award":["Internationale Forschungsaufenthalte f\u00fcr Informatikerinnen & Informatiker"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Internationale Forschungsaufenthalte f\u00fcr Informatikerinnen & Informatiker"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3800645.3813093","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T18:41:17Z","timestamp":1781289677000},"page":"5138-5149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["GrowMechanics: Designing Non-Deterministic Mechanical Behavior through Biological Growth"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1423-5567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madalina","family":"Nicolae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany; De Vinci Higher Education, Research Center, Paris La D\u00e9fense, France and Institut Polytechnique de Paris, T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris, CNRS i3 (UMR 9217), Palaiseau, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8842-2317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lining","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering, Morphing Matter Lab, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esam\u00a0J AL-Kalifawi and Inaam\u00a0A Hassan. 2014. Factors Influence on the yield of bacterial cellulose of Kombucha (Khubdat Humza). Baghdad Science Journal 11 3 (2014) 41.","DOI":"10.21123\/bsj.2014.11.3.1420-1428"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3490149.3501308"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3569009.3572805"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3569009.3571841"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3623509.3633386"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3643834.3660728"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21606\/eksig2017.107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oron Catts and Ionat Zurr. 2002. Growing semi-living sculptures: the tissue culture art project. Leonardo 35 4 (2002) 365\u2013370.","DOI":"10.1162\/002409402760181123"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2006 International Symposium on Electronic Art (ISEA)","author":"Catts Oron","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oron Catts and Ionat Zurr. 2006. Victimless Leather (2004). In Proceedings of the 2006 International Symposium on Electronic Art (ISEA). https:\/\/isea-archives.siggraph.org\/art-events\/oron-catts-ionat-zurr-victimless-leather-2004\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581125"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soon\u00a0Mo Choi Kummara\u00a0Madhusudana Rao Sun\u00a0Mi Zo Eun\u00a0Joo Shin and Sung\u00a0Soo Han. 2022. Bacterial cellulose and its applications. Polymers 14 6 (2022) 1080.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14061080"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Studio Klarenbeek\u00a0& Dros. 2018-2019. Mycelium Chair. https:\/\/www.centrepompidou.fr\/en\/offre-aux-professionnels\/enseignants\/dossiers-ressources-sur-lart\/art-et-ecologie\/studio-klarenbeek-dros"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544549.3573813"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","volume-title":"Synthetic aesthetics: investigating synthetic biology\u2019s designs on nature","author":"Ginsberg Alexandra\u00a0Daisy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alexandra\u00a0Daisy Ginsberg, Jane Calvert, Pablo Schyfter, Alistair Elfick, and Drew Endy. 2014. Synthetic aesthetics: investigating synthetic biology\u2019s designs on nature. MIT press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580958"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517713"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Hornung M Ludwig and HP Schmauder. 2007. Optimizing the production of bacterial cellulose in surface culture: a novel aerosol bioreactor working on a fed batch principle (Part 3). Engineering in Life Sciences 7 1 (2007) 35\u201341.","DOI":"10.1002\/elsc.200620164"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3643834.3661519"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eduardo Kac. 2003. GFP bunny. Leonardo 36 2 (2003) 97\u2013102.","DOI":"10.1162\/002409403321554125"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","unstructured":"Elvin Karana Bahareh Barati and Elisa Giaccardi. 2020. Living Artefacts: Conceptualizing Livingness as a Material Quality in Everyday Artefacts. International Journal of Design 14 3 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Michio Kawai Minghao Nie Haruka Oda Yuya Morimoto and Shoji Takeuchi. 2022. Living skin on a robot. Matter 5 7 (2022) 2190\u20132208. 10.1016\/j.matt.2022.05.019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2022.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3235765.3235798"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3526113.3545623"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9s\u00a0D\u00edaz Lantada Jan\u00a0G. Korvink and Monsur Islam. 2022. Taxonomy for engineered living materials. Cell Reports Physical Science 3 4 (2022) 100807. 10.1016\/j.xcrp.2022.100807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2022.100807"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3357236.3395510"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","unstructured":"Suzanne Lee and Dezeen. 2014. Suzanne Lee of BioCouture explains how to make clothes from bacteria. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=u9u_m_QzXSI"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","unstructured":"The Living. [n. d.]. Organic tower grown from agricultural waste wins MoMA PS1 Young Architects Program 2014. https:\/\/www.world-architects.com\/en\/architecture-news\/found\/hy-fi-at-moma-ps1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3379337.3415855"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anand\u00a0Kumar Mishra Jaeseok Kim Hannah Baghdadi Bruce\u00a0R Johnson Kathie\u00a0T Hodge and Robert\u00a0F Shepherd. 2024. Sensorimotor control of robots mediated by electrophysiological measurements of fungal mycelia. Science Robotics 9 93 (2024) eadk8019. 10.1126\/scirobotics.adk8019","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.adk8019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Koya Narumi Kazuki Koyama Kai Suto Yuta Noma Hiroki Sato Tomohiro Tachi Masaaki Sugimoto Takeo Igarashi and Yoshihiro Kawahara. 2023. Inkjet 4D Print: Self-folding Tessellated Origami Objects by Inkjet UV Printing. ACM Trans. Graph. 42 4 Article 117 (July 2023) 13\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3592409","DOI":"10.1145\/3592409"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3586183.3606774"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neri Oxman Christine Ortiz Fabio Gramazio and Matthias Kohler. 2015. Material ecology. (2015).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2014.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IFETC.2018.8584034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3170427.3188662"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3384657.3384783"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neil Phillips Thomas\u00a0C Draper Richard Mayne Darren\u00a0M Reynolds and Andrew Adamatzky. 2022. Marimo actuated rover systems. Journal of Biological Engineering 16 (2022) 1\u201311.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13036-021-00279-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raquel Portela Catarina\u00a0R Leal Pedro\u00a0L Almeida and Rita\u00a0G Sobral. 2019. Bacterial cellulose: a versatile biopolymer for wound dressing applications. Microbial biotechnology 12 4 (2019) 586\u2013610.","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13392"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3623509.3633396"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","unstructured":"Vivien Roussel Marc Teyssier and Lucile Haute. 2025. Cultivating Biohybrid Artifacts: Reinventing Production Between Biopunk and Solarpunk. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Electronic\/Emerging Art: 2025 Seoul Republic of Korea 767\u2013773."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anna Svensson Elin Nicklasson Tim Harrah Bruce Panilaitis David\u00a0L Kaplan Mats Brittberg and Paul Gatenholm. 2005. Bacterial cellulose as a potential scaffold for tissue engineering of cartilage. Biomaterials 26 4 (2005) 419\u2013431.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.02.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selorm Torgbo and Prakit Sukyai. 2018. Bacterial cellulose-based scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering. Applied materials today 11 (2018) 34\u201349.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2018.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3341163.3346938"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3714304"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300656"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702611"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3563657.3596132"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713156"}],"event":{"name":"DIS '26: Designing Interactive Systems Conference","location":"Singapore , Singapore","acronym":"DIS '26","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2026 Designing Interactive Systems Conference"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3800645.3813093","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3800645.3813093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T07:43:04Z","timestamp":1781336584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3800645.3813093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3800645.3813093","10.1145\/3800645"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3800645.3813093","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}