{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T14:01:44Z","timestamp":1784210504104,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":366,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"11","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62371189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science-MOE, ECNU, STCSM","award":["22DZ2229005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22DZ2229005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Comput. Surv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Deepfake technology aims to synthesize highly realistic facial images and videos, with broad application potential in entertainment, film production, and digital human modeling. Deep learning has driven major progress in generative modeling, from VAEs and GANs to the recent rise of diffusion models. The latter have sparked a renewed wave of research through their superior generation quality. In addition to deepfake generation, corresponding detection technologies continuously evolve to regulate the potential misuse of deepfakes, such as privacy invasion and phishing attacks. This survey comprehensively reviews the latest developments in deepfake generation and detection, summarizing and analyzing current state-of-the-arts in this rapidly evolving field. First, we unify task definitions, comprehensively introduce datasets and metrics, and summarize the underlying technologies. Then, we review the development of several related sub-fields and examine four representative deepfake research fields: face swapping, face reenactment, talking-face generation, and facial attribute editing, as well as forgery detection. Subsequently, we benchmark representative methods on widely adopted datasets to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date evaluation of the most influential published works. Finally, we discuss the key challenges and outline future research directions for the field. We closely follow the latest developments in this project.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3801962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T20:45:51Z","timestamp":1773693951000},"page":"1-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Deepfake Generation and Detection: A Benchmark and Survey"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8443-3166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gan","family":"Pei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8891-6766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiangning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8557-8930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menghan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School Of Communication And Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5727-9450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University","place":["suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4216-8090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Youtu Lab, Tencent","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7462-1414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunsheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Youtu Lab, Tencent","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8165-9322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangtao","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4800-832X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University","place":["suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7225-5449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dacheng","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Generative AI Lab, College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tong Sha Wei Zhang Tong Shen Zhoujun Li and Tao Mei. 2023. Deep person generation: A survey from the perspective of face pose and cloth synthesis. ACM Computing Surveys 55 12 (2023) 1\u201337.","DOI":"10.1145\/3575656"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Auto-encoding variational bayes","volume":"1050","author":"Kingma Diederik P.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Diederik P. Kingma and Max Welling. 2014. Auto-encoding variational bayes. stat 1050 (2014), 1.","journal-title":"stat"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","volume-title":"NeurIPS","author":"Sohn Kihyuk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kihyuk Sohn, Honglak Lee, and Xinchen Yan. 2015. Learning structured output representation using deep conditional generative models. In NeurIPS."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","unstructured":"Aaron Van Den Oord Oriol Vinyals. 2017. Neural discrete representation learning. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. 30."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00453"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00813"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","article-title":"Stable video diffusion: Scaling latent video diffusion models to large datasets","author":"Blattmann Andreas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Andreas Blattmann, Tim Dockhorn, Sumith Kulal, Daniel Mendelevitch, Maciej Kilian, Dominik Lorenz, Yam Levi, Zion English, Vikram Voleti, Adam Letts, et\u00a0al. 2023. Stable video diffusion: Scaling latent video diffusion models to large datasets. arXiv (2023).","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","volume-title":"ICLR","author":"Guo Yuwei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yuwei Guo, Ceyuan Yang, Anyi Rao, Yaohui Wang, Yu Qiao, Dahua Lin, and Bo Dai. 2024. Animatediff: Animate your personalized text-to-image diffusion models without specific tuning. In ICLR."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00206"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00773"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00748"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alberto Ancilotto Francesco Paissan and Elisabetta Farella. 2024. Ximswap: Many-to-many face swapping for tinyml. ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 23 3 (2024) 1\u201316.","DOI":"10.1145\/3603173"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00702"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00072"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00657"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5220\/0012312200003636"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV57701.2024.00609"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01813"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wenjing Huang Shikui Tu and Lei Xu. 2023. IA-FaceS: A bidirectional method for semantic face editing. Neural Networks 158 (2023) 272\u2013292.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2022.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00049"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","volume-title":"NeurIPS","author":"Goodfellow Ian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ian Goodfellow, Jean Pouget-Abadie, Mehdi Mirza, Bing Xu, David Warde-Farley, Sherjil Ozair, Aaron Courville, and Yoshua Bengio. 2014. Generative adversarial nets. In NeurIPS."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","volume-title":"NeurIPS","author":"Ho Jonathan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jonathan Ho, Ajay Jain, and Pieter Abbeel. 2020. Denoising diffusion probabilistic models. In NeurIPS."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01042"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58452-8_24"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","article-title":"Nerf: Neural radiance field in 3d vision, a comprehensive review","author":"Gao Kyle","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kyle Gao, Yina Gao, Hongjie He, Dening Lu, Linlin Xu, and Jonathan Li. 2022. Nerf: Neural radiance field in 3d vision, a comprehensive review. arXiv (2022).","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3550469.3555377"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3550469.3555404"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shuaibo Li Shibiao Xu Wei Ma and Qiu Zong. 2021. Image manipulation localization using attentional cross-domain CNN features. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems 34 9 (2021) 5614\u20135628.","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3130168"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01190"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2019.8803740"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2017.229"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qilin Yin Wei Lu Bin Li and Jiwu Huang. 2023. Dynamic difference learning with spatiotemporal correlation for deepfake video detection. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 18 (2023) 4046\u20134058.","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3290752"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziming Yang Jian Liang Yuting Xu Xiao-Yu Zhang and Ran He. 2023. Masked relation learning for deepfake detection. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 18 (2023) 1696\u20131708.","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3249566"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hafsa Ilyas Ali Javed and Khalid Mahmood Malik. 2023. AVFakeNet: A unified end-to-end Dense Swin Transformer deep learning model for audiovisual deepfakes detection. Applied Soft Computing 136 (2023) 110124.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2023.110124"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58610-2_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00639"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01453"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wenyuan Yang Xiaoyu Zhou Zhikai Chen Bofei Guo Zhongjie Ba Zhihua Xia Xiaochun Cao and Kui Ren. 2023. AVoiD-DF: Audio-visual joint learning for detecting deepfake. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 18 (2023) 2015\u20132029.","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3262148"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yisroel Mirsky and Wenke Lee. 2021. The creation and detection of deepfakes: A survey. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 54 1 (2021) 1\u201341.","DOI":"10.1145\/3425780"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","unstructured":"Kishan Vyas Preksha Pareek Ruchi Jayaswal and Shruti Patil. 2024. Analysing the landscape of deep fake detection: A survey. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering 12 11s (2024) 40\u201355."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yunfan Liu Qi Li Qiyao Deng Zhenan Sun and Ming-Hsuan Yang. 2023. Gan-based facial attribute manipulation. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 45 12 (2023) 14590\u201314610.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2023.3298868"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrew Melnik Maksim Miasayedzenkau Dzianis Makaravets Dzianis Pirshtuk Eren Akbulut Dennis Holzmann Tarek Renusch Gustav Reichert and Helge Ritter. 2024. Face generation and editing with stylegan: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 46 5 (2024) 3557\u20133576.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3350004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","volume-title":"ICML","author":"Sohl-Dickstein Jascha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jascha Sohl-Dickstein, Eric Weiss, Niru Maheswaranathan, and Surya Ganguli. 2015. Deep unsupervised learning using nonequilibrium thermodynamics. In ICML."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","article-title":"Conditional generative adversarial nets","author":"Mirza Mehdi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mehdi Mirza and Simon Osindero. 2014. Conditional generative adversarial nets. arXiv (2014).","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.632"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.299"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Lecun L. Bottou Y. Bengio and P. Haffner. 1998. Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition. In Proceedings of the IEEE 86 11 (1998) 2278\u20132324.","DOI":"10.1109\/5.726791"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","volume-title":"NeurIPS","author":"Krizhevsky Alex","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever, and Geoffrey E. Hinton. 2012. Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In NeurIPS."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01167"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00134"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiangning Zhang Xiangtai Li Yabiao Wang Chengjie Wang Yibo Yang Yong Liu and Dacheng Tao. 2024. Eatformer: Improving vision transformer inspired by evolutionary algorithm. In International Journal of Computer Vision 132 9 (2024) 3509\u20133536.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-024-02034-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00986"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","volume-title":"NeurIPS","author":"Vaswani Ashish","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, \u0141ukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. 2017. Attention is all you need. In NeurIPS."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","volume-title":"ICLR","author":"Dosovitskiy Alexey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alexey Dosovitskiy, Lucas Beyer, Alexander Kolesnikov, Dirk Weissenborn, Xiaohua Zhai, Thomas Unterthiner, Mostafa Dehghani, Matthias Minderer, Georg Heigold, Sylvain Gelly, et\u00a0al. 2021. An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale. In ICLR."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01170"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","volume-title":"ICLR","author":"Sharma Prafull","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prafull Sharma, Ayush Tewari, Yilun Du, Sergey Zakharov, Rares Andrei Ambrus, Adrien Gaidon, William T. Freeman, Fr\u00e9do Durand, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, and Vincent Sitzmann. 2023. Neural groundplans: Persistent neural scene representations from a single image. In ICLR."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00843"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00079"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.02050"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00321"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00844"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_2","volume-title":"Workshop on Faces in\u2019Real-Life\u2019Images: Detection, Alignment, and Recognition","author":"Huang Gary B.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gary B. Huang, Marwan Mattar, Tamara Berg, and Eric Learned-Miller. 2008. Labeled faces in the wild: A database forstudying face recognition in unconstrained environments. In Workshop on Faces in\u2019Real-Life\u2019Images: Detection, Alignment, and Recognition."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.425"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_66_2","volume-title":"ICLR","author":"Karras Tero","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tero Karras, Timo Aila, Samuli Laine, and Jaakko Lehtinen. 2018. Progressive growing of GANs for improved quality, stability, and variation. In ICLR."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5244\/C.29.41"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2018.00020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_69_2","volume-title":"BMVC","author":"Moore Stephen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stephen Moore and Richard Bowden. 2010. Multi-view pose and facial expression recognition. In BMVC."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2017-950"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2018-1929"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58589-1_42"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00229"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3474085.3475391"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-20071-7_38"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00991"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Triantafyllos Afouras Joon Son Chung Andrew Senior Oriol Vinyals and Andrew Zisserman. 2018. Deep audio-visual speech recognition. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 44 12 (2018) 8717\u20138727.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2018.2889052"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_78_2","article-title":"LRS3-TED: A large-scale dataset for visual speech recognition","author":"Afouras Triantafyllos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Triantafyllos Afouras, Joon Son Chung, and Andrew Zisserman. 2018. LRS3-TED: A large-scale dataset for visual speech recognition. arXiv (2018).","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_79_2","volume-title":"WIFS","author":"Li Yuezun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yuezun Li, Ming-Ching Chang, and Siwei Lyu. 2018. In Ictu Oculi: Exposing AI generated fake face videos by detecting eye blinking. In WIFS."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_80_2","article-title":"Deepfakes: A new threat to face recognition? assessment and detection","author":"Korshunov Pavel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pavel Korshunov and S\u00e9bastien Marcel. 2018. Deepfakes: A new threat to face recognition? assessment and detection. arXiv (2018).","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00296"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_83_2","article-title":"The deepfake detection challenge (dfdc) preview dataset","author":"Dolhansky Brian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brian Dolhansky, Russ Howes, Ben Pflaum, Nicole Baram, and Cristian Canton Ferrer. 2019. The deepfake detection challenge (dfdc) preview dataset. arXiv (2019).","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_84_2","article-title":"The deepfake detection challenge (dfdc) dataset","author":"Dolhansky Brian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brian Dolhansky, Joanna Bitton, Ben Pflaum, Jikuo Lu, Russ Howes, Menglin Wang, and Cristian Canton Ferrer. 2020. The deepfake detection challenge (dfdc) dataset. arXiv (2020).","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00327"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_86_2","article-title":"FakeAVCeleb: A novel audio-video multimodal deepfake dataset","author":"Khalid Hasam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hasam Khalid, Shahroz Tariq, Minha Kim, and Simon S. Woo. 2021. FakeAVCeleb: A novel audio-video multimodal deepfake dataset. NeurIPS (2021).","journal-title":"NeurIPS"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_87_2","unstructured":"DFD. 2019. DFD. Retrieved March 24 2026 from https:\/\/blog.research.google\/2019\/09\/contributing-data-to-deepfake-detection.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394171.3413769"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01057"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2019.8683164"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCB54206.2022.10007968"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00939"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP49357.2023.10096593"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou Wang Alan C. Bovik Hamid R. Sheikh and Eero P. Simoncelli. 2004. Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 13 4 (2004) 600\u2013612.","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.819861"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00068"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_96_2","volume-title":"NeurIPS","author":"Heusel Martin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martin Heusel, Hubert Ramsauer, Thomas Unterthiner, Bernhard Nessler, and Sepp Hochreiter. 2017. Gans trained by a two time-scale update rule converge to a local nash equilibrium. In NeurIPS."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_97_2","volume-title":"ICLR","author":"Bi\u0144kowski Miko\u0142aj","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miko\u0142aj Bi\u0144kowski, Danica J. Sutherland, Michael Arbel, and Arthur Gretton. 2018. Demystifying MMD GANs. In ICLR."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00552"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00995"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2018.00281"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01234-2_32"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394171.3413532"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.02045"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3512527.3531415"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00436"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01165"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01392"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46475-6_43"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01052"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_110_2","article-title":"A generalist facex via learning unified facial representation","author":"Han Yue","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yue Han, Jiangning Zhang, Junwei Zhu, Xiangtai Li, Yanhao Ge, Wei Li, Chengjie Wang, Yong Liu, Xiaoming Liu, and Ying Tai. 2023. A generalist facex via learning unified facial representation. arXiv (2023).","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v36i3.20236"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brian B. Moser Federico Raue Stanislav Frolov Sebastian Palacio J\u00f6rn Hees and Andreas Dengel. 2023. Hitchhiker\u2019s guide to super-resolution: Introduction and recent advances. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 45 8 (2023) 9862\u20139882.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2023.3243794"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3230744.3230818"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01246-5_34"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2015.7178899"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00802"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00749"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.187"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhibo Chen Jianxin Lin Tiankuang Zhou and Feng Wu. 2019. Sequential gating ensemble network for noise robust multiscale face restoration. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics 51 1 (2019) 451\u2013461.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2018.2889791"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaofeng Chen Dihong Gong Hao Wang Zhifeng Li and Kwan-Yee K. Wong. 2020. Learning spatial attention for face super-resolution. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 30 (2020) 1219\u20131231.","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.3043093"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR48806.2021.9412950"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_122_2","volume-title":"AAAI","author":"Moser Brian B.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brian B. Moser, Arundhati S. Shanbhag, Federico Raue, Stanislav Frolov, Sebastian Palacio, and Andreas Dengel. 2024. Diffusion models, image super-resolution and everything: A survey. In AAAI."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_123_2","unstructured":"Yukai Shi Guanbin Li Qingxing Cao Keze Wang and Liang Lin. 2019. Face hallucination by attentive sequence optimization with reinforcement learning. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 42 11 (2019) 2809\u20132824."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kui Jiang Zhongyuan Wang Peng Yi Guangcheng Wang Ke Gu and Junjun Jiang. 2019. ATMFN: Adaptive-threshold-based multi-model fusion network for compressed face hallucination. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 22 10 (2019) 2734\u20132747.","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2019.2960586"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Araceli Morales Gemma Piella and Federico M. Sukno. 2021. Survey on 3D face reconstruction from uncalibrated images. Computer Science Review 40 (2021) 100400.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2021.100400"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahil Sharma and Vijay Kumar. 2022. 3d face reconstruction in deep learning era: A survey. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering 29 5 (2022) 3475\u20133507.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-021-09705-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.490"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00593"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01249-6_31"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.30"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2019.00113"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman and Ronen Basri. 2010. 3D face reconstruction from a single image using a single reference face shape. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 33 2 (2010) 394\u2013405.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2010.63"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo Jiang Juyong Zhang Bailin Deng Hao Li and Ligang Liu. 2018. 3D face reconstruction with geometry details from a single image. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 27 10 (2018) 4756\u20134770.","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2845697"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.164"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58558-7_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiaobo Zhang Donghai Zhai Tianrui Li Yuxin Zhou and Yang Lin. 2023. Image inpainting based on deep learning: A review. Information Fusion 90 (2023) 74\u201394.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2022.08.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.02113"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meili Zhou Xiangzhen Liu Tingting Yi Zongwen Bai and Pei Zhang. 2023. A superior image inpainting scheme using Transformer-based self-supervised attention GAN model. Expert Systems with Applications 233 (2023) 120906.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.120906"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV57701.2024.00535"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_140_2","volume-title":"NeurIPS","author":"Yang Peiqing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peiqing Yang, Shangchen Zhou, Qingyi Tao, and Chen Change Loy. 2024. PGDiff: Guiding diffusion models for versatile face restoration via partial guidance. In NeurIPS."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00690"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19784-0_10"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00364"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yaohui Wang Xin Ma Xinyuan Chen Cunjian Chen Antitza Dantcheva Bo Dai and Yu Qiao. 2025. Leo: Generative latent image animator for human video synthesis. In International Journal of Computer Vision 133 3 (2025) 1277\u20131289.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-024-02231-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i5.28206"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_146_2","volume-title":"CVPR","author":"Wang Tan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tan Wang, Linjie Li, Kevin Lin, Chung-Ching Lin, Zhengyuan Yang, Hanwang Zhang, Zicheng Liu, and Lijuan Wang. 2024. Disco: Disentangled control for referring human dance generation in real world. In CVPR."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00147"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shuai Yang Liming Jiang Ziwei Liu and Chen Change Loy. 2022. Vtoonify: Controllable high-resolution portrait video style transfer. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 41 6 (2022) 1\u201315.","DOI":"10.1145\/3550454.3555437"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.02557"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiang Cai Mengxu Ma Chen Wang and Haisheng Li. 2023. Image neural style transfer: A review. Computers and Electrical Engineering 108 (2023) 108723.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2023.108723"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV57701.2024.00848"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV57701.2024.00347"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00442"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3550340.3564220"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00676"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_156_2","article-title":"Portrait diffusion: Training-free face stylization with chain-of-painting","author":"Liu Jin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jin Liu, Huaibo Huang, Chao Jin, and Ran He. 2023. Portrait diffusion: Training-free face stylization with chain-of-painting. arXiv (2023).","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV57701.2024.00495"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_158_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00524"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mingxiu Li Wei Yu Qinglin Liu Zonglin Li Ru Li Bineng Zhong and Shengping Zhang. 2023. Hybrid transformers with attention-guided spatial embeddings for makeup transfer and removal. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 34 4 (2023) 2876\u20132890.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2023.3312790"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_161_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.01058"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Si Liu Wentao Jiang Chen Gao Ran He Jiashi Feng Bo Li and Shuicheng Yan. 2021. Psgan++: Robust detail-preserving makeup transfer and removal. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 44 11 (2021) 8538\u20138551.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3083484"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_163_2","article-title":"SARA: Controllable makeup transfer with spatial alignment and region-adaptive normalization","author":"Zhong Xiaojing","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiaojing Zhong, Xinyi Huang, Zhonghua Wu, Guosheng Lin, and Qingyao Wu. 2023. SARA: Controllable makeup transfer with spatial alignment and region-adaptive normalization. arXiv (2023).","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_164_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19787-1_42"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_165_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW59228.2023.00117"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_166_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miao Hao Guanghua Gu Hao Fu Chang Liu and Dong Cui. 2022. CUMTGAN: An instance-level controllable U-Net GAN for facial makeup transfer. Knowledge-Based Systems 249 (2022) 108996.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2022.108996"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_167_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sicong Han Chenhao Lin Chao Shen Qian Wang and Xiaohong Guan. 2023. Interpreting adversarial examples in deep learning: A review. ACM Computing Surveys 55 14s (2023) 1\u201338.","DOI":"10.1145\/3594869"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_168_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CISCE52179.2021.9445917"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_169_2","unstructured":"Retrieved November 19 2025 from https:\/\/blog.youtube\/inside-youtube\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_170_2","unstructured":"Retrieved November 19 2025 from https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1810168520550712093&wfr=spider&for=pc"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_171_2","unstructured":"Retrieved November 19 2025 from https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/policies\/regulatory-framework-ai"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_172_2","unstructured":"Retrieved November 19 2025 from https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/policies\/digital-services-act-package"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_173_2","unstructured":"Retrieved November 19 2025 from https:\/\/www.cac.gov.cn\/2022-12\/11\/c_1672221949354811.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_174_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volker Blanz Kristina Scherbaum Thomas Vetter and Hans-Peter Seidel. 2004. Exchanging faces in images. In Computer Graphics Forum. 669\u2013676.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2004.00799.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_175_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1399504.1360638"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_176_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalyan Sunkavalli Micah K Johnson Wojciech Matusik and Hanspeter Pfister. 2010. Multi-scale image harmonization. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 29 4 (2010) 1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778862"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_177_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2024156.2024164"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_178_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2012.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_179_2","volume-title":"ICCV","author":"Zhu Jianke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jianke Zhu, Luc Van Gool, and Steven C. H. Hoi. 2009. Unsupervised face alignment by robust nonrigid mapping. In ICCV."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_180_2","volume-title":"ACCV","author":"Mosaddegh Saleh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saleh Mosaddegh, Loic Simon, and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Jurie. 2015. Photorealistic face de-identification by aggregating donors\u2019 face components. In ACCV."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_181_2","unstructured":"Ralph Gross Iain Matthews Jeffrey Cohn Takeo Kanade and Simon Baker. 2008. In 8th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_182_2","unstructured":"Stephen Milborrow John Morkel and Fred Nicolls. 2010. The MUCT landmarked face database. Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa 201 0 (2010) 535."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_183_2","volume-title":"FG","author":"Nirkin Yuval","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yuval Nirkin, Iacopo Masi, Anh Tran Tuan, Tal Hassner, and Gerard Medioni. 2018. On face segmentation, face swapping, and face perception. In FG."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_184_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2013.191"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_185_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00702"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_186_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46487-9_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_187_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7299113"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_188_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00728"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_189_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB2018.2018.00033"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_190_2","article-title":"Faceshifter: Towards high fidelity and occlusion aware face swapping","author":"Li Lingzhi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lingzhi Li, Jianmin Bao, Hao Yang, Dong Chen, and Fang Wen. 2020. Faceshifter: Towards high fidelity and occlusion aware face swapping. CVPR (2020).","journal-title":"CVPR"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_191_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3375627.3375849"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_192_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394171.3413630"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_193_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00480"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_194_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2021\/157"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_195_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuval Nirkin Yosi Keller and Tal Hassner. 2023. FSGANv2: Improved subject agnostic face swapping and reenactment. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 45 (2023) 560\u2013575.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2022.3155571"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_196_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01051"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_197_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01222"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_198_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v37i3.25444"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_199_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3581783.3612215"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_200_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yixuan Zhu Wenliang Zhao Yansong Tang Yongming Rao Jie Zhou and Jiwen Lu. 2024. Stableswap: Stable face swapping in a shared and controllable latent space. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 26 (2024) 7594\u20137607.","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2024.3369853"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_201_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00828"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_202_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2025.111451"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_203_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV61041.2025.00112"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_204_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV61041.2025.00368"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_205_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW59228.2023.00074"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_206_2","volume-title":"FG","author":"Cao Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei Cao, Tianyi Wang, Anming Dong, and Minglei Shu. 2023. TransFS: Face swapping using transformer. In FG."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_207_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tianyi Wang Zian Li Ruixia Liu Yinglong Wang and Liqiang Nie. 2024. An efficient attribute-preserving framework for face swapping. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 26 (2024) 6554\u20136565.","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2024.3354573"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_208_2","volume-title":"ICCV","author":"Luo Xiangyang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiangyang Luo, Ye Zhu, Yunfei Liu, Lijian Lin, Cong Wan, Zijian Cai, Yu Li, and Shao-Lun Huang. 2025. CanonSwap: High-fidelity and consistent video face swapping via canonical space modulation. In ICCV."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_209_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313950.3313964"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_210_2","volume-title":"NeurIPS","author":"Moniz Joel Ruben Antony","year":"2018","unstructured":"Joel Ruben Antony Moniz, Christopher Beckham, Simon Rajotte, Sina Honari, and Chris Pal. 2018. Unsupervised depth estimation, 3d face rotation and replacement. In NeurIPS."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_211_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kunlin Liu Ivan Perov Daiheng Gao Nikolay Chervoniy Wenbo Zhou and Weiming Zhang. 2023. Deepfacelab: Integrated flexible and extensible face-swapping framework. Pattern Recognition 141 (2023) 109628.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2023.109628"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_212_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19784-0_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_213_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00042"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_214_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.01889"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_215_2","article-title":"FlowFace++: Explicit semantic flow-supervised end-to-end face swapping","author":"Zhang Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu Zhang, Hao Zeng, Bowen Ma, Wei Zhang, Zhimeng Zhang, Yu Ding, Tangjie Lv, and Changjie Fan. 2023. FlowFace++: Explicit semantic flow-supervised end-to-end face swapping. arXiv (2023).","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_216_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00829"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_217_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV56688.2023.00345"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_218_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00341"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_219_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19781-9_38"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_220_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV56688.2023.00355"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_221_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.397"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_222_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyeongwoo Kim Pablo Garrido Ayush Tewari Weipeng Xu Justus Thies Matthias Niessner Patrick P\u00e9rez Christian Richardt Michael Zollh\u00f6fer and Christian Theobalt. 2018. Deep video portraits. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 37 4 (2018) 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1145\/3197517.3201283"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_223_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyeongwoo Kim Mohamed Elgharib Michael Zollh\u00f6fer Hans-Peter Seidel Thabo Beeler Christian Richardt and Christian Theobalt. 2019. Neural style-preserving visual dubbing. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 38 6 (2019) 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1145\/3355089.3356500"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_224_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01413"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_225_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19778-9_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_226_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00543"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_227_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tina Behrouzi Atefeh Shahroudnejad and Payam Mousavi. 2025. Maskrenderer: 3D-infused multi-mask realistic face reenactment. Pattern Recognition 157 (2025) 110891.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2024.110891"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_228_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00955"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_229_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00537"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_230_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michail Christos Doukas Evangelos Ververas Viktoriia Sharmanska and Stefanos Zafeiriou. 2023. Free-headgan: Neural talking head synthesis with explicit gaze control. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 45 8 (2023) 9743\u20139756.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2023.3253243"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_231_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00701"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_232_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7299081"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_233_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.02116"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_234_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i7.28473"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_235_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00737"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_236_2","volume-title":"FG","author":"Bounareli Stella","year":"2025","unstructured":"Stella Bounareli, Christos Tzelepis, Vasileios Argyriou, Ioannis Patras, and Georgios Tzimiropoulos. 2025. Diffusionact: Controllable diffusion autoencoder for one-shot face reenactment. In FG."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_237_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01723"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_238_2","volume-title":"FG","author":"Bounareli Stella","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stella Bounareli, Christos Tzelepis, Vasileios Argyriou, Ioannis Patras, and Georgios Tzimiropoulos. 2023. Stylemask: Disentangling the style space of stylegan2 for neural face reenactment. In FG."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_239_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stella Bounareli Christos Tzelepis Vasileios Argyriou Ioannis Patras and Georgios Tzimiropoulos. 2024. One-shot neural face reenactment via finding directions in gan\u2019s latent space. International Journal of Computer Vision 132 8 (2024) 3324\u20133354.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-024-02018-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_240_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v39i2.32113"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_241_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00366"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_242_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV45572.2020.9093474"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_243_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.01915"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_244_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han Xue Jun Ling Anni Tang Li Song Rong Xie and Wenjun Zhang. 2023. High-fidelity face reenactment via identity-matched correspondence learning. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications 19 3 (2023) 1\u201323.","DOI":"10.1145\/3571857"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_245_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2929464.2929475"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_246_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01261-8_41"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_247_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58610-2_31"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_248_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i07.6721"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_249_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin Cooke Jon Barker Stuart Cunningham and Xu Shao. 2006. An audio-visual corpus for speech perception and automatic speech recognition. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 120 5 (2006) 2421\u20132424.","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2229005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_250_2","unstructured":"Carolyn Richie Sarah Warburton and Megan Carter. 2009. Audiovisual Database of Spoken American English. Linguistic Data Consortium."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_251_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33019299"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_252_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang Zhou Xintong Han Eli Shechtman Jose Echevarria Evangelos Kalogerakis and Dingzeyu Li. 2020. Makelttalk: speaker-aware talking-head animation. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 39 6 (2020) 1\u201315.","DOI":"10.1145\/3414685.3417774"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_253_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01386"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_254_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.01912"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_255_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00836"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_256_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.01891"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_257_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01408"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_258_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV57701.2024.00412"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_259_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV61041.2025.00472"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_260_2","unstructured":"Yifeng Ma Suzhen Wang Yu Ding Bowen Ma Tangjie Lv Changjie Fan Zhipeng Hu Zhidong Deng and Xin Yu. 2025. Talkclip: Talking head generation with text-guided expressive speaking styles. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_261_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00416"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_262_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00338"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_263_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lingyun Yu Hongtao Xie and Yongdong Zhang. 2021. Multimodal learning for temporally coherent talking face generation with articulator synergy. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 24 (2021) 2950\u20132962.","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2021.3091863"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_264_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00639"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_265_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01330"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_266_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suzhen Wang Yifeng Ma Yu Ding Zhipeng Hu Changjie Fan Tangjie Lv Zhidong Deng and Xin Yu. 2024. Styletalk++: A unified framework for controlling the speaking styles of talking heads. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 46 6 (2024) 4331\u20134347.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3357808"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_267_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3581783.3613753"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_268_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00703"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_269_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV57701.2024.00502"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_270_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP48485.2024.10447505"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_271_2","volume-title":"NeurIPS","author":"Xu Sicheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sicheng Xu, Guojun Chen, Yu-Xiao Guo, Jiaolong Yang, Chong Li, Zhenyu Zang, Yizhong Zhang, Xin Tong, and Baining Guo. 2024. Vasa-1: Lifelike audio-driven talking faces generated in real time. In NeurIPS."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_272_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52734.2025.02441"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_273_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00573"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_274_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19775-8_39"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_275_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i4.28086"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_276_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00070"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_277_2","volume-title":"ICLR","author":"Ye Zhenhui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhenhui Ye, Tianyun Zhong, Yi Ren, Jiaqi Yang, Weichuang Li, Jiawei Huang, Ziyue Jiang, Jinzheng He, Rongjie Huang, Jinglin Liu, et\u00a0al. 2024. Real3d-portrait: One-shot realistic 3d talking portrait synthesis. In ICLR."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_278_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiaxiang Tang Kaisiyuan Wang Hang Zhou Xiaokang Chen Dongliang He Tianshu Hu Jingtuo Liu Ziwei Liu Gang Zeng and Jingdong Wang. 2025. Real-time neural radiance talking portrait synthesis via audio-spatial decomposition. In International Journal of Computer Vision 133 9 (2025) 6362\u20136373.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-025-02481-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_279_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i07.6970"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_280_2","volume-title":"AAAIW","author":"Zhang Huayu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huayu Zhang, Yurui Ren, Yuanqi Chen, Ge Li, and Thomas H. Li. 2023. Exploiting multiple guidance from 3dmm for face reenactment. In AAAIW."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_281_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.02026"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_282_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i2.27945"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_283_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhicheng Sheng Liqiang Nie Min Zhang Xiaojun Chang and Yan Yan. 2023. Stochastic latent talking face generation toward emotional expressions and head poses. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 34 4 (2023) 2734\u20132748.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2023.3311039"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_284_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.02069"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_285_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.02024"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_286_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shuyan Zhai Meng Liu Yongqiang Li Zan Gao Lei Zhu and Liqiang Nie. 2023. Talking face generation with audio-deduced emotional landmarks. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems 35 10 (2023) 14099\u201314111.","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2023.3274676"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_287_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00938"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_288_2","volume-title":"ECCV","author":"Tian Linrui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Linrui Tian, Qi Wang, Bang Zhang, and Liefeng Bo. 2024. EMO: Emote portrait alive-generating expressive portrait videos with audio2video diffusion model under weak conditions. In ECCV."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_289_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.02073"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_290_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernhard Kerbl Georgios Kopanas Thomas Leimk\u00fchler George Drettakis et\u00a0al. 2023. 3D gaussian splatting for real-time radiance field rendering. ACM Trans. Graph 42 4 (2023) 139\u20131.","DOI":"10.1145\/3592433"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_291_2","volume-title":"BMVC","author":"Zhou Shuchang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shuchang Zhou, Taihong Xiao, Yi Yang, Dieqiao Feng, Qinyao He, and Weiran He. 2017. Genegan: Learning object transfiguration and attribute subspace from unpaired data. In BMVC."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_292_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00183"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_293_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhenliang He Wangmeng Zuo Meina Kan Shiguang Shan and Xilin Chen. 2019. Attgan: Facial attribute editing by only changing what you want. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 28 11 (2019) 5464\u20135478.","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2916751"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_294_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00926"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_295_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01353"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_296_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01585"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_297_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01036"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_298_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00752"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_299_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xianxu Hou Xiaokang Zhang Hanbang Liang Linlin Shen Zhihui Lai and Jun Wan. 2022. Guidedstyle: Attribute knowledge guided style manipulation for semantic face editing. Neural Networks 145 (2022) 209\u2013220.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2021.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_300_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00753"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_301_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00589"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_302_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00666"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_303_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng Zhou Lingxi Xie Bingbing Ni and Qi Tian. 2023. Cips-3d++: End-to-end real-time high-resolution 3d-aware gans for gan inversion and stylization. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 45 10 (2023) 11502\u201311520.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2023.3285648"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_304_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3588432.3591566"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_305_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.01406"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_306_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19787-1_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_307_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01225"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_308_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00590"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_309_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i3.28012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_310_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14711\/thesis-991013340345203412"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_311_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaiwen Jiang Shu-Yu Chen Feng-Lin Liu Hongbo Fu and Lin Gao. 2025. Towards high-quality and disentangled face editing in a 3d gan. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 47 4 (2025) 2533\u20132544.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3523422"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_312_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yating Zeng Xinpeng Zhang and Guorui Feng. 2025. Secure reversible privacy protection for face multiple attribute editing. Pattern Recognition 166 (2025) 111662.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2025.111662"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_313_2","article-title":"GSTalker: Real-time audio-driven talking face generation via deformable gaussian splatting","author":"Chen Bo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bo Chen, Shoukang Hu, Qi Chen, Chenpeng Du, Ran Yi, Yanmin Qian, and Xie Chen. 2024. GSTalker: Real-time audio-driven talking face generation via deformable gaussian splatting. arXiv (2024).","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_314_2","volume-title":"ECCV","author":"Li Jiahe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiahe Li, Jiawei Zhang, Xiao Bai, Jin Zheng, Xin Ning, Jun Zhou, and Lin Gu. 2024. TalkingGaussian: Structure-persistent 3D talking head synthesis via gaussian splatting. In ECCV."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_315_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.135"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_316_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xianxu Hou Xiaokang Zhang Yudong Li and Linlin Shen. 2022. Textface: Text-to-style mapping based face generation and manipulation. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 25 (2022) 3409\u20133419.","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2022.3160360"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_317_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00808"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_318_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00505"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_319_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00222"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_320_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuval Nirkin Lior Wolf Yosi Keller and Tal Hassner. 2021. Deepfake detection based on discrepancies between faces and their context. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 44 10 (2021) 6111\u20136121.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3093446"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_321_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01816"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_322_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v37i12.26701"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_323_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i2.27829"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_324_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52734.2025.02612"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_325_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01477"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_326_2","volume-title":"CVPR","author":"Haliassos Alexandros","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alexandros Haliassos, Konstantinos Vougioukas, Stavros Petridis, and Maja Pantic. 2021. Lips don\u2019t lie: A generalisable and robust approach to face forgery detection. In CVPR."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_327_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v36i1.19955"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_328_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00114"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_329_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuting Xu Jian Liang Lijun Sheng and Xiao-Yu Zhang. 2024. Learning spatiotemporal inconsistency via thumbnail layout for face deepfake detection. In International Journal of Computer Vision 132 12 (2024) 5663\u20135680.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-024-02054-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_330_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chunlei Peng Zimin Miao Decheng Liu Nannan Wang Ruimin Hu and Xinbo Gao. 2024. Where deepfakes gaze at? Spatialtemporal gaze inconsistency analysis for video face forgery detection. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 19 (2024) 4507\u20134517.","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2024.3381823"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_331_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Changtao Miao Zichang Tan Qi Chu Nenghai Yu and Guodong Guo. 2022. Hierarchical frequency-assisted interactive networks for face manipulation detection. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 17 (2022) 3008\u20133021.","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2022.3198275"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_332_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhiqing Guo Zhenhong Jia Liejun Wang Dewang Wang Gaobo Yang and Nikola Kasabov. 2023. Constructing new backbone networks via space-frequency interactive convolution for deepfake detection. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 19 (2023) 401\u2013413.","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3324739"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_333_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i5.28310"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_334_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3746027.3755592"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_335_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW67362.2025.00627"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_336_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00582"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_337_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01475"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_338_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v36i1.19978"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_339_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00308"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_340_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.02046"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_341_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ChinaSIP.2013.6625374"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_342_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2006.262447"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_343_2","volume-title":"ICIP","author":"Wen Bihan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bihan Wen, Ye Zhu, Ramanathan Subramanian, Tian-Tsong Ng, Xuanjing Shen, and Stefan Winkler. 2016. COVERAGE\u2013A novel database for copy-move forgery detection. In ICIP."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_344_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2019.8803661"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_345_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00408"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_346_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58574-7_7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_347_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW59228.2023.00101"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_348_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW53098.2021.00109"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_349_2","volume-title":"ICML","author":"Frank Joel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Joel Frank, Thorsten Eisenhofer, Lea Sch\u00f6nherr, Asja Fischer, Dorothea Kolossa, and Thorsten Holz. 2020. Leveraging frequency analysis for deep fake image recognition. In ICML."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_350_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58571-6_39"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_351_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.01903"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_352_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IS3C.2018.00104"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_353_2","volume-title":"IJCAI","author":"Wang Run","year":"2021","unstructured":"Run Wang, Felix Juefei-Xu, Lei Ma, Xiaofei Xie, Yihao Huang, Jian Wang, and Yang Liu. 2021. FakeSpotter: A simple yet robust baseline for spotting AI-synthesized fake faces. In IJCAI."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_354_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao Hu Peirong Ma Zhuohao Mai Shaohu Peng Zhao Yang and Li Wang. 2019. Face hallucination from low quality images using definition-scalable inference. Pattern Recognition 94 (2019) 110\u2013121.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2019.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_355_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao Lu Jiaming Wang Junjun Jiang and Yanduo Zhang. 2020. Global-local fusion network for face super-resolution. Neurocomputing 387 (2020) 309\u2013320.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_356_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00319"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_357_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuecheng Pan Jin Tang and Tardi Tjahjadi. 2024. LPSRGAN: Generative adversarial networks for super-resolution of license plate image. Neurocomputing 580 (2024) 127426.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2024.127426"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_358_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00998"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_359_2","volume-title":"CVPR","author":"Guo Dong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dong Guo and Terence Sim. 2009. Digital face makeup by example. In CVPR."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_360_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7299093"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_361_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.01028"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_362_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2019.00038"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_363_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00482"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_364_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV56688.2023.00515"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_365_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng Tang Huihuang Zhao Weiliang Meng and Yaonan Wang. 2026. One-shot motion talking head generation with audio-driven model. Expert Systems with Applications 297 Part B (2026) 129344.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.129344"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_366_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00232"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_367_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiyao Deng Jie Cao Yunfan Liu Qi Li and Zhenan Sun. 2024. r-FACE: Reference guided face component editing. Pattern Recognition 152 (2024) 110425.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2024.110425"}],"container-title":["ACM Computing Surveys"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3801962","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T14:17:46Z","timestamp":1777299466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3801962"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"references-count":366,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3801962"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3801962","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-0300","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}