{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T10:46:33Z","timestamp":1776941193415,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":43,"publisher":"ACM","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIN1347924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIN1347924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAT8820923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAT8820923"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3802842.3802850","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T07:13:08Z","timestamp":1776928388000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Estimating Piano Piece Difficulty via Embodied Robotic Hand Performance Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1382-4428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Neuhauser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computational Perception, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5770-7005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Cancino-Chac\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computational Perception, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"About Piano exams","unstructured":"ABRSM. [n. d.]. About Piano exams. https:\/\/www.abrsm.org\/en-gb\/instruments\/piano (Accessed: 2025-10-02)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Genesis Authors. 2024. Genesis: A Generative and Universal Physics Engine for Robotics and Beyond. https:\/\/github.com\/Genesis-Embodied-AI\/Genesis (Accessed: 2026-03-30)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2010.764"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carlos\u00a0E. Cancino-Chac\u00f3n Maarten Grachten Werner Goebl and Gerhard Widmer. 2018. Computational Models of Expressive Music Performance: A Comprehensive and Critical Review. Frontiers in Digital Humanities Volume 5 (2018) 25. 10.3389\/fdigh.2018.00025","DOI":"10.3389\/fdigh.2018.00025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","volume-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)","author":"Chen Xinyue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xinyue Chen, Che Wang, Zijian Zhou, and Keith\u00a0W. Ross. 2021. Randomized Ensembled Double Q-Learning: Learning Fast Without a Model. In International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR). Vienna, Austria. https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=AY8zfZm0tDd"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISM.2012.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Emily\u00a0G. Eldridge. 2025. Piano at the Center: Reimagining Music Education. Journal of General Music Education 38 2 (2025) 26\u201332. 10.1177\/27527646241300615","DOI":"10.1177\/27527646241300615"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00a0Anders Ericsson Ralf\u00a0T Krampe and Clemens Tesch-R\u00f6mer. 1993. The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review 100 3 (1993) 363.","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.100.3.363"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","volume-title":"Musical Gestures: Sound, Movement, and Meaning (1 ed.)","author":"God\u00f8y Rolf\u00a0Inge","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rolf\u00a0Inge God\u00f8y and Marc Leman (Eds.). 2009. Musical Gestures: Sound, Movement, and Meaning (1 ed.). Routledge, New York, NY, USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Werner Goebl and Caroline Palmer. 2008. Tactile Feedback and Timing Accuracy in Piano Performance. Experimental Brain Research 186 3 (April 2008) 471\u2013479. 10.1007\/s00221-007-1252-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-007-1252-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Werner Goebl and Caroline Palmer. 2013. Temporal control and hand movement efficiency in skilled music performance. PLOS One 8 1 (2013) e50901.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)","author":"Haarnoja Tuomas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tuomas Haarnoja, Aurick Zhou, Pieter Abbeel, and Sergey Levine. 2018. Soft Actor-Critic: Off-Policy Maximum Entropy Deep Reinforcement Learning with a Stochastic Actor. In Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML). Stockholm, Sweden. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/1801.01290\u00a0[cs.LG]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","volume-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)","author":"Hiraoka Takuya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Takuya Hiraoka, Takahisa Imagawa, Taisei Hashimoto, Takashi Onishi, and Yoshimasa Tsuruoka. 2022. Dropout Q-Functions for Doubly Efficient Reinforcement Learning. In International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR). arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2110.02034\u00a0[cs.LG]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","first-page":"908","volume-title":"International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR)","author":"Jeong Dasaem","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dasaem Jeong, Taegyun Kwon, Yoojin Kim, Kyogu Lee, and Juhan Nam. 2019. VirtuosoNet: A Hierarchical RNN-based System for Modeling Expressive Piano Performance. In International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR). 908\u2013915."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ichiro Kato Sadamu Ohteru Katsuhiko Shirai Toshiaki Matsushima Seinosuke Narita Shigeki Sugano Tetsunori Kobayashi and Eizo Fujisawa. 1987. The robot musician \u2019wabot-2\u2019 (waseda robot-2). Robotics 3 2 (June 1987) 143\u2013155. 10.1016\/0167-8493(87)90002-7","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8493(87)90002-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","volume-title":"Prof. Rolf Koenen notes about Henle Verlag difficulty classification.","author":"Koenen R.","unstructured":"R. Koenen. [n. d.]. Prof. Rolf Koenen notes about Henle Verlag difficulty classification.https:\/\/www.henle.de\/en\/Levels-of-Difficulty\/ (Accessed: 2025-01-14)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alexander Lerch Claire Arthur Ashis Pati and Siddharth Gururani. 2020. An Interdisciplinary Review of Music Performance Analysis. Transactions of the International Society for Music Information Retrieval (Nov 2020). 10.5334\/tismir.53","DOI":"10.5334\/tismir.53"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3CA.2010.5533457"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","first-page":"375","volume-title":"Attention and Performance: Motor Representation and Control","author":"MacKenzie Christine\u00a0L","year":"1990","unstructured":"Christine\u00a0L MacKenzie and DL Van\u00a0Eerd. 1990. Rhythmic precision in the performance of piano scales: Motor psychophysics and motor programming. In Attention and Performance: Motor Representation and Control. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum, 375\u2013408."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volodymyr Mnih Koray Kavukcuoglu David Silver Andrei\u00a0A Rusu Joel Veness Marc\u00a0G Bellemare Alex Graves Martin Riedmiller Andreas\u00a0K Fidjeland Georg Ostrovski et\u00a0al. 2015. Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning. Nature 518 7540 (2015) 529\u2013533.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14236"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","volume-title":"venson72150","unstructured":"MuseScore. [n. d.]. venson72150. https:\/\/musescore.com\/user\/33306646 (Accessed: 2025-01-15)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"Marco Musy. 2021. PianoPlayer: Automatic piano fingering generator. https:\/\/github.com\/marcomusy\/pianoplayer (Accessed: 2025-01-14)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2019.12.068"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caroline Palmer. 1997. Music performance. Annual Review of Psychology 48 1 (1997) 115\u2013138.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.48.1.115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Silvan\u00a0David Peter Carlos\u00a0Eduardo Cancino-Chac\u00f3n Francesco Foscarin Andrew\u00a0Philip McLeod Florian Henkel Emmanouil Karystinaios and Gerhard Widmer. 2023. Automatic Note-Level Score-to-Performance Alignments in the ASAP Dataset. Transactions of the International Society for Music Information Retrieval 6 1 (June 2023) 27\u201342. 10.5334\/tismir.149","DOI":"10.5334\/tismir.149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","volume-title":"A Thematic Catalogue of the Solo Piano Repertoire","author":"Library Piano","unstructured":"Piano Library. [n. d.]. A Thematic Catalogue of the Solo Piano Repertoire. https:\/\/www.pianolibrary.org\/ (Accessed: 2025-01-15)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","volume-title":"Music Database","author":"Syllabus Piano","unstructured":"Piano Syllabus. [n. d.]. Music Database. https:\/\/pianosyllabus.com\/ (Accessed: 2025-01-15)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","volume-title":"8th Annual Conference on Robot Learning","author":"Qian Cheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheng Qian, Julen Urain, Kevin Zakka, and Jan Peters. 2024. PianoMime: Learning a Generalist, Dexterous Piano Player from Internet Demonstrations. In 8th Annual Conference on Robot Learning. https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=t0LkF9JnVb"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pedro Ramoneda Dasaem Jeong Vsevolod Eremenko Nazif\u00a0Can Tamer Marius Miron and Xavier Serra. 2024. Combining Piano Performance Dimensions for Score Difficulty Classification. Expert Systems with Applications 238 (2024) 121776. 10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.121776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.121776"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3503161.3548372"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 24th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR2023)","author":"Ramoneda Pedro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pedro Ramoneda, Dasaem Jeong, Jose\u00a0J Valero-Mas, and Xavier Serra. 2023. Predicting Performance Difficulty From Piano Sheet Music Images. In Proceedings of the 24th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR2023). Milan, Italy."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of ICASSP 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","author":"Ramoneda Pedro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pedro Ramoneda, Nazif\u00a0Can Tamer, Vsevolod Eremenko, Marius Miron, and Xavier Serra. 2022. Score difficulty analysis for piano performance education. In Proceedings of ICASSP 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marko Robnik-Sikonja and Igor Kononenko. 2003. Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of ReliefF and RReliefF. Machine Learning 53 (2003) 23\u201369. 10.1023\/A:1025667309714","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025667309714"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","first-page":"571","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2012)","author":"S\u00e9bastien V\u00e9ronique","year":"2012","unstructured":"V\u00e9ronique S\u00e9bastien, Henri Ralambondrainy, Olivier S\u00e9bastien, and No\u00ebl Conruyt. 2012. Score Analyzer: automatically determining scores difficulty level for instrumental e-Learning. In Proceedings of the 13th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2012). Porto, Portugal, 571\u2013576. https:\/\/hal.univ-reunion.fr\/hal-01187227 C-ACTI."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"John\u00a0A Sloboda Jane\u00a0W Davidson Michael\u00a0JA Howe and Derek\u00a0G Moore. 1996. The role of practice in the development of performing musicians. British Journal of Psychology 87 2 (1996) 287\u2013309.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1996.tb02591.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2012.6386109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saran Tunyasuvunakool Alistair Muldal Yotam Doron Siqi Liu Steven Bohez Josh Merel Tom Erez Timothy Lillicrap Nicolas Heess and Yuval Tassa. 2020. dm_control: Software and tasks for continuous control. Software Impacts 6 (Nov. 2020) 100022. 10.1016\/j.simpa.2020.100022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpa.2020.100022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21736-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS47612.2022.9981221"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","volume-title":"Conference on Robot Learning (CoRL)","author":"Zakka Kevin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kevin Zakka, Philipp Wu, Laura Smith, Nimrod Gileadi, Taylor Howell, Xue\u00a0Bin Peng, Sumeet Singh, Yuval Tassa, Pete Florence, Andy Zeng, and Pieter Abbeel. 2023. RoboPianist: Dexterous Piano Playing with Deep Reinforcement Learning. In Conference on Robot Learning (CoRL). Atlanta, USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2011.5980342"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huan Zhang Shreyan Chowdhury Carlos\u00a0Eduardo Cancino-Chac\u00f3n Jinhua Liang Simon Dixon and Gerhard Widmer. 2024. Dexter: Learning and controlling performance expression with diffusion models. Applied Sciences 14 15 (2024) 6543.","DOI":"10.3390\/app14156543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 24th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR)","author":"Zhang Huan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huan Zhang, Emmanouil Karystinaios, Simon Dixon, Gerhard Widmer, and Carlos\u00a0Eduardo Cancino-Chac\u00f3n. 2023. Symbolic Music Representations for Classification Tasks: A Systematic Evaluation. In Proceedings of the 24th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR). Milan, Italy."}],"event":{"name":"MOCO '26: The 10th International Conference on Movement and Computing 2026","location":"Montpellier France","acronym":"MOCO '26"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Movement and Computing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3802842.3802850","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T10:04:47Z","timestamp":1776938687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3802842.3802850"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3802842.3802850","10.1145\/3802842"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3802842.3802850","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}