{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T02:59:03Z","timestamp":1781319543763,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":23,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3802974.3809475","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T02:25:06Z","timestamp":1781317506000},"page":"509-512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SpatialPrompt: XR-Based Spatial Intent Expression as Executable Constraints for AI Generative 3D Design"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0175-3253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yichen Andy","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8988-5572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanru","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4483-1107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiaoran","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2726-2651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jymon","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9235-4596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavin","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8913-9942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mandy","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5493-1343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiao","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c1gnes\u00a0K. Bakk et\u00a0al. 2025. Applying co-design in social VR. International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction (2025). https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/15710882.2025.2516664","DOI":"10.1080\/15710882.2025.2516664"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_3_2","volume-title":"Sketching User Experiences: Getting the Design Right and the Right Design","author":"Buxton Bill","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bill Buxton. 2007. Sketching User Experiences: Getting the Design Right and the Right Design. Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marina Cidota Stephan Lukosch Dragos Datcu and Heide Lukosch. 2016. Comparing the Effect of Audio and Visual Notifications on Workspace Awareness using Head-Mounted Displays for Remote Collaboration in Augmented Reality. Augmented Human Research 1 1 (2016). 10.1007\/s41133-016-0003-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s41133-016-0003-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52842\/conf.caadria.2019.2.141"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carl Gutwin and Saul Greenberg. 2002. A Descriptive Framework of Workspace Awareness for Real-Time Groupware. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 11 (2002) 411\u2013446. 10.1023\/A:1021271517844","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021271517844"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chenhan Jiang. 2024. A Survey On Text-to-3D Contents Generation In The Wild. (2024). arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2405.09431\u00a0[cs.CV] 10.48550\/arXiv.2405.09431","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2405.09431"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dsd.2020.61"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heewoo Jun and Alex Nichol. 2023. Shap-E: Generating Conditional 3D Implicit Functions. (2023). arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2305.02463\u00a0[cs.CV] 10.48550\/arXiv.2305.02463","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2305.02463"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daniel\u00a0F. Keefe Robert\u00a0C. Zeleznik and David\u00a0H. Laidlaw. 2007. Drawing on Air: Input Techniques for Controlled 3D Line Illustration. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 13 5 (2007) 1067\u20131081. https:\/\/cs.brown.edu\/research\/pubs\/pdfs\/2007\/Keefe-2007-DOA.pdf","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2007.1060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bernhard Kerbl Georgios Kopanas Thomas Leimk\u00fchler and George Drettakis. 2023. 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Rendering. (2023). arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2308.04079\u00a0[cs.GR] 10.48550\/arXiv.2308.04079","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2308.04079"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maaike Kleinsmann and Rianne Valkenburg. 2008. Barriers and enablers for creating shared understanding in co-design projects. Design Studies 29 4 (2008) 369\u2013386. 10.1016\/j.destud.2008.03.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2008.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Feng-Lin Liu Hongbo Fu Yu-Kun Lai and Lin Gao. 2024. SketchDream: Sketch-based Text-To-3D Generation and Editing. ACM Transactions on Graphics (2024). 10.1145\/3658120","DOI":"10.1145\/3658120"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00853"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58452-8_24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alex Nichol Heewoo Jun Prafulla Dhariwal Pamela Mishkin and Mark Chen. 2022. Point-E: A System for Generating 3D Point Clouds from Complex Prompts. (2022). arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2212.08751\u00a0[cs.CV] 10.48550\/arXiv.2212.08751","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2212.08751"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/5555\/189200.189209"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/169059.169166"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_20_2","unstructured":"Ben Poole Ajay Jain Jonathan\u00a0T. Barron et\u00a0al. 2022. DreamFusion: Text-to-3D using 2D Diffusion. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2209.14988 (2022). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2209.14988"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ivan\u00a0E. Sutherland. 1963. Sketchpad: A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System. Proceedings of the Spring Joint Computer Conference (AFIPS) (1963). 10.1145\/1461551.1461591","DOI":"10.1145\/1461551.1461591"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuqi Tong Yue Qiu Ruiyang Li Shi Qiu and Pheng-Ann Heng. 2024. MS2Mesh-XR: Multi-modal Sketch-to-Mesh Generation in XR Environments. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2412.09008\u00a0[cs.CV] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2412.09008","DOI":"10.1109\/AIxVR63409.2025.00052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Portia Wang Mark\u00a0R. Miller Jeremy\u00a0N. Bailenson et\u00a0al. 2024. Understanding virtual design behaviors: A large-scale analysis of the design process in Virtual Reality. Design Studies (2024). https:\/\/vhil.stanford.edu\/sites\/g\/files\/sbiybj29011\/files\/media\/file\/design-studies-wang.pdf","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2023.101237"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_24_2","unstructured":"Qiang Zou Zhihong Tang Hsi-Yung Feng Shuming Gao Chenchu Zhou and Yusheng Liu. 2022. A review on geometric constraint solving. (2022). arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2202.13795\u00a0[cs.CG] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2202.13795"}],"event":{"name":"DIS '26: Designing Interactive Systems Conference","location":"Singapore Singapore","acronym":"DIS '26 Companion","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Companion Publication of the 2026 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3802974.3809475","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T02:28:44Z","timestamp":1781317724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3802974.3809475"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3802974.3809475","10.1145\/3802974"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3802974.3809475","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}