{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:05:13Z","timestamp":1784300713576,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":37,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"HKUST\/BGF","award":["2025.001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025.001"]}]},{"name":"HKUST\/TSSSU-O","award":["2026\/27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026\/27"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3803437.3805204","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T14:27:39Z","timestamp":1784298459000},"page":"305-315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["JSProtect: A Scalable Obfuscation Framework for Mini-Games in WeChat"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5081-7072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tencent Inc., Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3935-7328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaozheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9897-4086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zongjie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3738-5904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tencent Inc., Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2627-349X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zelin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tencent Inc., Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9430-6192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qun","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tencent Inc., Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3200-3068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haochuan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tencent Inc., Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1004-7061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tencent Inc., Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4029-4338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Man Ho","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8102-480X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuzheng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0436-8183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuchong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8513-6836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cuiyun","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0866-0308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7060-4109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuetang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tencent Inc., Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5612-1766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huafeng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tencent Inc., Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"2024. Mobile Gaming Market Size. https:\/\/www.mordorintelligence.com\/industry-reports\/mobile-games-market."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"2025. Virbox Protector. https:\/\/shell.virbox.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WAINA.2012.140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8227751"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Towards Neural Synthesis for SMT-Assisted Proof-Oriented Programming. In 47th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2025","author":"Chakraborty Saikat","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saikat Chakraborty, Gabriel Ebner, Siddharth Bhat, Sarah Fakhoury, Sakina Fatima, Shuvendu K. Lahiri, and Nikhil Swamy. 2025. Towards Neural Synthesis for SMT-Assisted Proof-Oriented Programming. In 47th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2025, Ottawa, ON, Canada, April 26 - May 6, 2025. IEEE, 1755\u20131767."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"JsDeObsBench: Measuring and Benchmarking LLMs for JavaScript Deobfuscation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.20170","author":"Chen Guoqiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guoqiang Chen, Xin Jin, and Zhiqiang Lin. 2025. JsDeObsBench: Measuring and Benchmarking LLMs for JavaScript Deobfuscation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.20170 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18034\/ei.v7i2.662"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3663529.3663801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"escomplex. 2025. escomplex: Software complexity analysis of JavaScrip. https:\/\/github.com\/escomplex\/escomplex."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09422-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Aaron Hurst Adam Lerer Adam P Goucher Adam Perelman Aditya Ramesh Aidan Clark AJ Ostrow Akila Welihinda Alan Hayes Alec Radford et al. 2024. Gpt-4o system card. arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.21276 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"CASCADE: LLM-Powered JavaScript Deobfuscator at Google. arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.17691","author":"Jiang Shan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shan Jiang, Pranoy Kovuri, David Tao, and Zhixun Tan. 2025. CASCADE: LLM-Powered JavaScript Deobfuscator at Google. arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.17691 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"jquery Team. 2025. jquery. https:\/\/jquery.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"jscrambler Team. 2025. jscrambler. https:\/\/jscrambler.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"JsJiaMi Team. 2025. JsJiaMi. https:\/\/www.jsjiami.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"CODE-CRASH: Stress Testing LLM Reasoning under Structural and Semantic Perturbations. arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.14119","author":"Lam Man Ho","year":"2025","unstructured":"Man Ho Lam, Chaozheng Wang, Jen-tse Huang, and Michael R Lyu. 2025. CODE-CRASH: Stress Testing LLM Reasoning under Structural and Semantic Perturbations. arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.14119 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Ming Li Paul Vit\u00e1nyi et al. 2008. An introduction to Kolmogorov complexity and its applications. Vol. 3. Springer."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Zhihao Li Chaozheng Wang Zongjie Li Xinyong Peng Qun Xia Haochuan Lu Ting Xiong Shuzheng Gao Cuiyun Gao Shuai Wang et al. 2025. JSidentify-V2: Leveraging Dynamic Memory Fingerprinting for Mini-Game Plagiarism Detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.01655 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3720449"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"Aixin Liu Bei Feng Bing Xue Bingxuan Wang Bochao Wu Chengda Lu Chenggang Zhao Chengqi Deng Chenyu Zhang Chong Ruan et al. 2024. Deepseek-v3 technical report. arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.19437 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2017.28"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3092282.3092295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3314221.3314645"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24676-3_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2015.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Microsoft. 2024. General purpose JavaScript deobfuscator. https:\/\/github.com\/ben-sb\/javascript-deobfuscator."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Rabih Mohsen. 2016. Quantitative measures for code obfuscation security. Ph.D. Dissertation. Imperial College London."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4842-3781-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP46214.2022.9833626"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"The Art of Obfuscation: A Comprehensive Survey of Software Protection Techniques. In 2025 1st International Conference on Secure IoT, Assured and Trusted Computing (SATC). IEEE, 1\u20136.","author":"Saleh Khaled","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khaled Saleh, Omar Darwish, Love K Sah, and Fathi Amsaad. 2025. The Art of Obfuscation: A Comprehensive Survey of Software Protection Techniques. In 2025 1st International Conference on Secure IoT, Assured and Trusted Computing (SATC). IEEE, 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"31st USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 22)","author":"Schloegel Moritz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moritz Schloegel, Tim Blazytko, Moritz Contag, Cornelius Aschermann, Julius Basler, Thorsten Holz, and Ali Abbasi. 2022. Loki: Hardening code obfuscation against automated attacks. In 31st USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 22). 3055\u20133073."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"TC39. 2025. Test262: Official ECMAScript Conformance Test Suite. https:\/\/github.com\/tc39\/test262. Accessed: 2025-09-15."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE56229.2023.00199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3611643.3613868"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Practice. 211\u2013220","author":"Xia Qun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qun Xia, Zhongzhu Zhou, Zhihao Li, Bin Xu, Wei Zou, Zishun Chen, Huafeng Ma, Gangqiang Liang, Haochuan Lu, Shiyu Guo, et al. 2020. JSidentify: A hybrid framework for detecting plagiarism among JavaScript code in online mini games. In Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Practice. 211\u2013220."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsidi.2021.301285"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-46803-6_15"}],"event":{"name":"FSE Companion '26: 34th ACM International Conference on the Foundations of Software Engineering","location":"Concordia University Montreal QC Canada","acronym":"FSE Companion '26","sponsor":["SIGSOFT ACM Special Interest Group on Software Engineering"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 34th ACM International Conference on the Foundations of Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3803437.3805204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T14:29:14Z","timestamp":1784298554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3803437.3805204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3803437.3805204","10.1145\/3803437"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3803437.3805204","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}