{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T16:12:42Z","timestamp":1781194362892,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018703","name":"HORIZON EUROPE European Innovation Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10118682"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10118682"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018703","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Meas. Anal. Comput. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Enabling autonomous CubeSats requires shifting image-based decision-making from ground stations directly to on-board Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) hardware to overcome the unsustainable downlink bottlenecks typical of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) missions. A critical yet largely neglected aspect of this transition is Image Registration (IR), which is central for multi-temporal analysis, change detection, and multimodal data fusion. Despite its pivotal role, existing IR methods are designed and evaluated on unconstrained computing platforms, making their readiness for on-board autonomous operations unclear due to the lack of the assessment of latency-accuracy-energy trade-offs. In this paper, we show that state-of-the-art ''out-of-the-box'' IR algorithms fail to reconcile the latency, accuracy, and energy constraints inherent to COTS-based satellite platforms. We present\n                    <jats:sc>STAR-Bench<\/jats:sc>\n                    , an open-source framework for systematic and reproducible characterization of IR methods on on-board hardware across diverse sensing modalities, terrains, and deformation regimes. Our characterization reveals a fundamental specialization gap: lightweight methods meet latency constraints but fail under multimodal conditions; while, robust methods incur up to an order-of-magnitude higher energy costs, precluding effective autonomy. To capture system-level trade-offs, we introduce Quality-Adjusted Cost (QAC), a metric to quantify the energy required to achieve a target accuracy level. Guided by this analysis, we propose\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ETNA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a mission-aware framework to dynamically orchestrate heterogeneous IR pipelines. To address the challenging multimodal scenario, we perform a hardware-software co-design of an FPGA-accelerated solution.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ETNA<\/jats:italic>\n                    reduces latency by up to 1.7\u00d7 in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-Optical scenarios and improves QAC by up to 12.03\u00d7 over all Pareto-optimal baselines, while also improving registration accuracy. Our results demonstrate that satellite autonomy cannot be achieved by deploying existing IR algorithms unchanged; instead, IR must be explicitly co-designed with COTS hardware and mission constraints.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3805628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T20:34:18Z","timestamp":1780086858000},"page":"1-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Are We Ready to Enable Satellite Autonomy Through on Board Image Registration?"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0177-3557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Di Salvo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3101-8118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele Del","family":"Sozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3025-8620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Sorrentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6967-5079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"D'Arnese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3743-6302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Panicucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5834-0812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Conficconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"2025. Copernicus Browser. https:\/\/browser.dataspace.copernicus.eu\/. Accessed: 2025-09--17."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-017-0846-9","article-title":"Feature and intensity based medical image registration using particle swarm optimization","volume":"41","author":"Abdel-Basset Mohamed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Ahmed E Fakhry, Ibrahim El-Henawy, Tie Qiu, and Arun Kumar Sangaiah. 2017. Feature and intensity based medical image registration using particle swarm optimization. Journal of medical systems 41, 12 (2017), 197.","journal-title":"Journal of medical systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"European Space Agency. 2020. Low Earth orbit. https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2020\/03\/Low_Earth_orbit. Image ESA Multimedia."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01342"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference. 19530--19540","author":"Astruc Guillaume","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guillaume Astruc, Nicolas Gonthier, Clement Mallet, and Loic Landrieu. 2025. AnySat: One Earth Observation Model for Many Resolutions, Scales, and Modalities. In Proceedings of the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference. 19530--19540."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11744023_32"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"FoMo-Bench: a multi-modal, multi-scale and multi-task Forest Monitoring Benchmark for remote sensing foundation models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.10114","author":"Bountos Nikolaos Ioannis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nikolaos Ioannis Bountos, Arthur Ouaknine, and David Rolnick. 2023. FoMo-Bench: a multi-modal, multi-scale and multi-task Forest Monitoring Benchmark for remote sensing foundation models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.10114 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.3390\/aerospace12060550","article-title":"An Overview of CubeSat Missions and Applications","volume":"12","author":"Bouzoukis Konstantinos-Panagiotis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Konstantinos-Panagiotis Bouzoukis, Georgios Moraitis, Vassilis Kostopoulos, and Vaios Lappas. 2025. An Overview of CubeSat Missions and Applications. Aerospace 12, 6 (2025), 550.","journal-title":"Aerospace"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"A survey of image registration techniques. ACM computing surveys (CSUR) 24, 4","author":"Brown Lisa Gottesfeld","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lisa Gottesfeld Brown. 1992. A survey of image registration techniques. ACM computing surveys (CSUR) 24, 4 (1992), 325--376."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Nanosatellite Constellation and Ground Station Co-design for Low-Latency Critical Event Detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.01756","author":"Cheng Zhuo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhuo Cheng and Brandon Lucia. 2025. Nanosatellite Constellation and Ground Station Co-design for Low-Latency Critical Event Detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.01756 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Multiresolution registration of remote sensing imagery by optimization of mutual information using a stochastic gradient","author":"Cole-Rhodes Arlene A","year":"2003","unstructured":"Arlene A Cole-Rhodes, Kisha L Johnson, Jacqueline LeMoigne, and Ilya Zavorin. 2003. Multiresolution registration of remote sensing imagery by optimization of mutual information using a stochastic gradient. IEEE transactions on image processing 12, 12 (2003), 1495--1511."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"On-board computer for CubeSats: state-of-the-art and future trends","author":"Cratere Angela","year":"2024","unstructured":"Angela Cratere, Leandro Gagliardi, Gabriel A Sanca, Federico Golmar, and Francesco Dell'Olio. 2024. On-board computer for CubeSats: state-of-the-art and future trends. IEEE Access (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2022.3218898"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3532989","article-title":"Pushing the level of abstraction of digital system design: A survey on how to program fpgas","volume":"55","author":"Sozzo Emanuele Del","year":"2022","unstructured":"Emanuele Del Sozzo, Davide Conficconi, Alberto Zeni, Mirko Salaris, Donatella Sciuto, and Marco D Santambrogio. 2022. Pushing the level of abstraction of digital system design: A survey on how to program fpgas. Comput. Surveys 55, 5 (2022), 1--48.","journal-title":"Comput. Surveys"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3582016.3582043"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCA.2019.2907539"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3373376.3378473"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01619"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"S\u00e9bastien Carlier, Olivier Colin, Veronica Fernandez, Ferran Gascon, Bianca Hoersch, Claudia Isola, Paolo Laberinti, Philippe Martimort, et al.","author":"Drusch Matthias","year":"2012","unstructured":"Matthias Drusch, Umberto Del Bello, S\u00e9bastien Carlier, Olivier Colin, Veronica Fernandez, Ferran Gascon, Bianca Hoersch, Claudia Isola, Paolo Laberinti, Philippe Martimort, et al. 2012. Sentinel-2: ESA's optical high-resolution mission for GMES operational services. Remote sensing of Environment 120 (2012), 25--36."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","volume":"1","author":"Du Kuntai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kuntai Du, Yihua Cheng, Peder Olsen, Shadi Noghabi, and Junchen Jiang. 2025. Earth: On-board satellite imagery compression leveraging historical earth observations. In Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 1. 361--376."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8230","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2024.3377663","article-title":"Hardware-Optimized Architecture of On-Board Registration for Remote-Sensing Images\u2014Take SURF as an Example","volume":"17","author":"Du Xin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xin Du, Cankun Yang, Ruofei Zhong, Qingyang Li, Yuanhang Wang, Zhaoming Huang, and Xianlin Liu. 2024. Hardware-Optimized Architecture of On-Board Registration for Remote-Sensing Images\u2014Take SURF as an Example. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 17 (2024), 8230--8249.","journal-title":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Edge SpAIce: Novel Edge-AI system for accurate and near real-time plastic detection and monitoring in marine environment. https:\/\/edgespaice.eu\/. Accessed: 2025-07--23","author":"Edge","unstructured":"Edge SpAIce project consortium. 2025. Edge SpAIce: Novel Edge-AI system for accurate and near real-time plastic detection and monitoring in marine environment. https:\/\/edgespaice.eu\/. Accessed: 2025-07--23; EU Horizon Europe project, grant agreement no. 101135358."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johan Edstedt et al. 2024. RoMa: Robust Dense Matching -- Official PyTorch Implementation. https:\/\/github.com\/Parskatt\/RoMa. Accessed: 2024-05--20.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01871"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 19790--19800","author":"Edstedt Johan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Johan Edstedt, Qiyu Sun, Georg B\u00f6kman, M\u00e5rten Wadenb\u00e4ck, and Michael Felsberg. 2024. Roma: Robust dense feature matching. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 19790--19800."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/358669.358692"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2020.3008468"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12142205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Hank Heidt Jordi Puig-Suari Augustus Moore Shinichi Nakasuka and Robert Twiggs. 2000. CubeSat: A new generation of picosatellite for education and industry low-cost space experimentation. (2000)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2022.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Compress-Align-Detect: onboard change detection from unregistered images. arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.15578","author":"Inzerillo Gabriele","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gabriele Inzerillo, Diego Valsesia, Aniello Fiengo, and Enrico Magli. 2025. Compress-Align-Detect: onboard change detection from unregistered images. arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.15578 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2647805"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"RIFT2: Speeding-up RIFT with a new rotation-invariance technique. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.00319","author":"Li Jiayuan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiayuan Li, Pengcheng Shi, Qingwu Hu, and Yongjun Zhang. 2023. RIFT2: Speeding-up RIFT with a new rotation-invariance technique. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.00319 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Xiao Xiang Zhu, and Tianjin Huang","author":"Li Xiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiang Li, Yong Tao, Siyuan Zhang, Siwei Liu, Zhitong Xiong, Chunbo Luo, Lu Liu, Mykola Pechenizkiy, Xiao Xiang Zhu, and Tianjin Huang. 2025. REOBench: Benchmarking Robustness of Earth Observation Foundation Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.16793 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Philipp Lindenberger Paul-Edouard Sarlin and Marc Pollefeys. 2023. LightGlue: Local Feature Matching at Light Speed. In ICCV.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.01616"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-020-01359-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2024.3418891"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2017.2654245","article-title":"Multiresolution search of the rigid motion space for intensity-based registration","volume":"40","author":"Nasihatkon Behrooz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Behrooz Nasihatkon and Fredrik Kahl. 2017. Multiresolution search of the rigid motion space for intensity-based registration. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 40, 1 (2017), 179--191.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2021.1906985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"Planet Labs PBC. 2024. Planet Fusion Monitoring Technical Specification: Surface Reflectance. Technical Report. Planet Labs PBC San Francisco CA USA. https:\/\/support.planet.com\/hc\/en-us\/article_attachments\/19693522324765"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00259"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2025.12.009","article-title":"Two-stage offline knowledge distillation for onboard registration of multispectral satellite images","volume":"232","author":"Priyasad Darshana","year":"2026","unstructured":"Darshana Priyasad, Tharindu Fernando, Maryam Haghighat, Harshala Gammulle, Roberto Del Prete, and Clinton Fookes. 2026. Two-stage offline knowledge distillation for onboard registration of multispectral satellite images. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 232 (2026), 319--335.","journal-title":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52734.2025.02147"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","unstructured":"requiemonk. 2024. Sentinel-1\/2 Image Pairs Segregated by Terrain. https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/datasets\/requiemonk\/sentinel12-image-pairs-segregated-by-terrain. Accessed: 2026-01--13."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rsase.2022.100693","article-title":"Improving crop yield estimation by applying higher resolution satellite NDVI imagery and high-resolution cropland masks","volume":"25","author":"Roznik Mitchell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mitchell Roznik, Milton Boyd, and Lysa Porth. 2022. Improving crop yield estimation by applying higher resolution satellite NDVI imagery and high-resolution cropland masks. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment 25 (2022), 100693.","journal-title":"Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126544"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Schmitt L. H. Hughes and X. X. Zhu. 2018. THE SEN1--2 DATASET FOR DEEP LEARNING IN SAR-OPTICAL DATA FUSION. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-1 (2018) 141--146. doi:10.5194\/isprs-annals-IV-1--141--2018","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-annals-IV-1--141--2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2011.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAISS58487.2023.10250462"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2025 Conference. 311--328","author":"Sun Chuanhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chuanhao Sun, Yu Zhang, Bill Tao, Deepak Vasisht, and Mahesh Marina. 2025. DeepSpace: Super Resolution Powered Efficient and Reliable Satellite Image Data Acquistion. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2025 Conference. 311--328."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Optimization of mutual information for multiresolution image registration","author":"Th\u00e9venaz Philippe","year":"2000","unstructured":"Philippe Th\u00e9venaz and Michael Unser. 2000. Optimization of mutual information for multiresolution image registration. IEEE transactions on image processing 9, 12 (2000), 2083--2099."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","unstructured":"UP42. 2025. Polarization. UP42 Documentation. https:\/\/docs.up42.com\/data\/polarization Accessed: 2025--11--20."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3452296.3472932"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007958904918"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/astrogeo\/agy039"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168584","article-title":"Environmental impacts of earth observation data in the constellation and cloud computing era","volume":"909","author":"Wilkinson R","year":"2024","unstructured":"R Wilkinson, MM Mleczko, RJW Brewin, KJ Gaston, M Mueller, JD Shutler, X Yan, and K Anderson. 2024. Environmental impacts of earth observation data in the constellation and cloud computing era. Science of The Total Environment 909 (2024), 168584.","journal-title":"Science of The Total Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"RegWSI: Whole slide image registration using combined deep feature-and intensity-based methods: Winner of the ACROBAT 2023 challenge. Computer methods and programs in biomedicine 250","author":"Wodzinski Marek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marek Wodzinski, Niccol\u00f2 Marini, Manfredo Atzori, and Henning M\u00fcller. 2024. RegWSI: Whole slide image registration using combined deep feature-and intensity-based methods: Winner of the ACROBAT 2023 challenge. Computer methods and programs in biomedicine 250 (2024), 108187."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2020.04.025","article-title":"A multiple-CubeSat constellation for integrated earth observation and marine\/air traffic monitoring","volume":"67","author":"Wu Shufan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shufan Wu, Wen Chen, Caixia Cao, Chuanxin Zhang, and Zhongcheng Mu. 2021. A multiple-CubeSat constellation for integrated earth observation and marine\/air traffic monitoring. Advances in Space Research 67, 11 (2021), 3712--3724.","journal-title":"Advances in Space Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11063-018-9808-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference. 12637--12646","author":"Xu Mengqiu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mengqiu Xu, Kaixin Chen, Heng Guo, Yixiang Huang, Ming Wu, Zhenwei Shi, Chuang Zhang, and Jun Guo. 2025. MFogHub: Bridging Multi-Regional and Multi-Satellite Data for Global Marine Fog Detection and Forecasting. In Proceedings of the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference. 12637--12646."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11131621","article-title":"An effectiveness evaluation model for satellite observation and data-downlink scheduling considering weather uncertainties","volume":"11","author":"Zhang Siyue","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siyue Zhang, Yiyong Xiao, Pei Yang, Yinglai Liu, Wenbing Chang, and Shenghan Zhou. 2019. An effectiveness evaluation model for satellite observation and data-downlink scheduling considering weather uncertainties. Remote Sensing 11, 13 (2019), 1621.","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13245128"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-016-0594-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JMASS.2023.3244848"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","volume-title":"Image registration methods: a survey. Image and vision computing 21, 11","author":"Zitova Barbara","year":"2003","unstructured":"Barbara Zitova and Jan Flusser. 2003. Image registration methods: a survey. Image and vision computing 21, 11 (2003), 977--1000."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3805628","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T20:37:39Z","timestamp":1780087059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3805628"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3805628"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3805628","relation":{},"ISSN":["2476-1249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2476-1249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}