{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T18:46:56Z","timestamp":1782758816040,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":66,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3805689.3812208","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T17:52:08Z","timestamp":1782755528000},"page":"7398-7421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Do Language Models Pass the Bechdel Test? Auditing Gender Biases in LLM-Generated Screenplays"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3232-2332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megha N.","family":"Govindu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3437-2227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie T.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA, and Stanford University, Stanford, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6023-1597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sorelle A.","family":"Friedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haverford College, Haverford, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9359-6090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana\u00e9","family":"Metaxa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3461702.3462624"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W14-0907"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/N15-1084"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Top Generative AI Chatbots by Market Share -","author":"Bailyn Evan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Evan Bailyn. 2025. Top Generative AI Chatbots by Market Share - December 2025. https:\/\/firstpagesage.com\/reports\/top-generative-ai-chatbots\/ Section: SEO Blog."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2409770121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"SIGCIS conference paper.","author":"Barocas Solon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Solon Barocas, Kate Crawford, Aaron Shapiro, and Hanna Wallach. 2017. The problem with bias: From allocative to representational harms in machine learning. In SIGCIS conference paper."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Dykes to Watch Out For","author":"Bechdel Alison","unstructured":"Alison Bechdel. 1985. Dykes to Watch Out For. Firebrand Books. https:\/\/dykestowatchoutfor.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.485"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Debiasing Word Embeddings. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","volume":"29","author":"Bolukbasi Tolga","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tolga Bolukbasi, Kai-Wei Chang, James Y Zou, Venkatesh Saligrama, and Adam T Kalai. 2016. Man is to Computer Programmer as Woman is to Homemaker? Debiasing Word Embeddings. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, Vol. 29. Curran Associates, Inc. https:\/\/proceedings.neurips.cc\/paper_files\/paper\/2016\/hash\/a486cd07e4ac3d270571622f4f316ec5-Abstract.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Joel Kim Booster. 2023. GLAAD Media Awards 2023: Fire Island's Joel Kim Stands Strong With WGA In Acceptance Speech: \u201cLabor Issues Are Queer Issues\u201d. https:\/\/glaad.org\/glaad-media-awards-2023-fire-islands-joel-kim-stands-strong-wga-acceptance-speech-labor-issues\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"D. Boyle and L. Tandan. 2008. Slumdog Millionaire."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal4230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v19i1.35820"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Kate Crawford. 2017. The Trouble with Bias. In Keynote at NeurIPS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2025.emnlp-main.1439"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2396761.2398503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v8i1.14522"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.gebnlp-1.20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/N15-1113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"The strength of weak ties. American journal of sociology 78, 6","author":"Granovetter Mark S","year":"1973","unstructured":"Mark S Granovetter. 1973. The strength of weak ties. American journal of sociology 78, 6 (1973), 1360\u20131380."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07856-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2025.naacl-industry.55"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-020-0436-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Media Culture: Cultural Studies, Identity and Politics Between the Modern and the Postmodern","author":"Kellner D.","year":"1995","unstructured":"D. Kellner. 1995. Media Culture: Cultural Studies, Identity and Politics Between the Modern and the Postmodern. Routledge. https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=GjbdsiZ0q10C"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Molly Kinder. 2024. Hollywood writers went on strike to protect their livelihoods from generative AI. Their remarkable victory matters for all workers. https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/hollywood-writers-went-on-strike-to-protect-their-livelihoods-from-generative-ai-their-remarkable-victory-matters-for-all-workers\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS '21)","author":"Kirk Hannah Rose","unstructured":"Hannah Rose Kirk, Yennie Jun, Haider Iqbal, Elias Benussi, Filippo Volpin, Frederic A. Dreyer, Aleksandar Shtedritski, and Yuki M. Asano. 2021. Bias out-of-the-box: an empirical analysis of intersectional occupational biases in popular generative language models. In Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS '21). Curran Associates Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, 2611\u20132624."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc6020050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Algorithmic bias? An empirical study of apparent gender-based discrimination in the display of STEM career ads. Management science 65, 7","author":"Lambrecht Anja","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anja Lambrecht and Catherine Tucker. 2019. Algorithmic bias? An empirical study of apparent gender-based discrimination in the display of STEM career ads. Management science 65, 7 (2019), 2966\u20132981."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-016-0080-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josi.12095"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Lionsgate partners with AI firm to train generative model on film and TV library. The Guardian (Sept","author":"Lee Benjamin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Benjamin Lee. 2024. Lionsgate partners with AI firm to train generative model on film and TV library. The Guardian (Sept. 2024). https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/film\/2024\/sep\/18\/lionsgate-ai"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3689904.3694709"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.nuse-1.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2832087"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3630106.3658932"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243211398358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.27.1.415"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359231"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/1100000083"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.67.026126"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgaf317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3586183.3606763"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WI-IAT.2009.54"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-011-0725-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3757887.3763010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274417"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15213269.2017.1302345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D17-1247"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3653711"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1339"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.emnlp-main.1035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Dr Katherine Pieper, and Sam Wheeler","author":"Smith Dr Stacy L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dr Stacy L Smith, Dr Katherine Pieper, and Sam Wheeler. 2023. Inequality in 1,600 popular films: Examining Portrayals of Gender, Race\/Ethnicity, LGBTQ+ & Disability from 2007 to 2022. (Aug. 2023). https:\/\/assets.uscannenberg.org\/docs\/aii-inequality-in-1600-popular-films-20230811.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","unstructured":"Jessica Toonkel. 2025. Exclusive | OpenAI Backs AI-Made Animated Feature Film. https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/tech\/ai\/openai-backs-ai-made-animated- feature-film-389f70b0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3715275.3732198"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josi.12094"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","volume-title":"Marlow","author":"Ugander Johan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Johan Ugander, Brian Karrer, Lars Backstrom, and Cameron A. Marlow. 2011. The Anatomy of the Facebook Social Graph. (2011)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11002-022-09652-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v17i1.22195"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.findings-emnlp.243"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-025-00986-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3687046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511815478"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1290082.1290092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aies.v7i1.31748"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2025.naacl-long.172"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19097-1_26"}],"event":{"name":"FAccT '26: The 2026 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","location":"Montreal QC Canada","acronym":"FAccT '26","sponsor":["ACM\/SIG"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2026 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3805689.3812208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T18:24:16Z","timestamp":1782757456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3805689.3812208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3805689.3812208","10.1145\/3805689"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3805689.3812208","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}