{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T18:07:54Z","timestamp":1784138874060,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":48,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Smart Education of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University","award":["2022LSYS003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022LSYS003"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["L252010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L252010"]}]},{"name":"Outstanding Innovative Talents Cultivation Funded Programs for Graduate Students of Jinan University","award":["2025CXY348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025CXY348"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong University Student Science and Technology Innovation Cultivation Special Fund under Grant","award":["pdjh2026ak027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["pdjh2026ak027"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62477025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62477025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3805712.3809573","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T14:28:19Z","timestamp":1783693699000},"page":"65-75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improving Interpretability of Cognitive Diagnosis Models with LLM-based Semantic Augmentation"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1261-7708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youheng","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Institute of Smart Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9004-8336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Institute of Smart Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5225-2195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingliang","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Institute of Smart Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6604-475X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Institute of Smart Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3777-7916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TAL Education Group, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2926-4416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0491-307X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zitao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Institute of Smart Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5605-7397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiqi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Institute of Smart Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3604915.3610647"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v36i4.20364"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-51-3-797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3733593"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","article-title":"Distractor analysis in multiple-choice items using the Rasch model","volume":"13","author":"Bakytbekovich Omarov Nazarbek","year":"2023","unstructured":"Omarov Nazarbek Bakytbekovich, Aisha Mohammed, Ammar Muhi Khleel Alghurabi, Hajir Mahmood Ibrahim Alallo, Yusra Mohammed Ali, Aalaa Yaseen Hassan, Lyazat Demeuova, Shvedova Irina Viktorovna, Bekenova Nazym, and Al Khateeb Nashaat Sultan Afif. 2023. Distractor analysis in multiple-choice items using the Rasch model. International Journal of Language Testing, Vol. 13, Special Issue (2023), 69-78.","journal-title":"International Journal of Language Testing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2023.3273422"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2022.3226523"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-011-9207-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v39i1.31992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Item Response Theory for Psychologists","author":"Embretson Susan E","unstructured":"Susan E Embretson and Steven P Reise. 2013. Item Response Theory for Psychologists. Psychology Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-naacl.193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3404835.3462932"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3539618.3591774"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654317726529"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-98414-3_23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203850381"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706468.3706529"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3696410.3714933"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"LAK Workshops. 195-204","author":"Hu Yuanyuan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yuanyuan Hu, Nasser Giacaman, and Claire Donald. 2024. Enhancing Trust in Generative AI: Investigating Explainability of LLMs to Analyse Confusion in MOOC Discussions.. In LAK Workshops. 195-204."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5688\/ajpe766114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Classroom Assessment and Educational Measurement","author":"Leighton Jacqueline P","unstructured":"Jacqueline P Leighton. 2019. Cognitive Diagnosis is not enough: The challenge of measuring learning with classroom assessments. In Classroom Assessment and Educational Measurement. Routledge, 27-45."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, EDM 2020, Fully virtual conference","author":"Li Hang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hang Li, Wenbiao Ding, Songfan Yang, and Zitao Liu. 2020. Identifying At-Risk K-12 Students in Multimodal Online Environments: A Machine Learning Approach. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, EDM 2020, Fully virtual conference, July 10-13, 2020. International Educational Data Mining Society."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3589334.3645589"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Deep learning based knowledge tracing: A review, a tool and empirical studies","author":"Liu Zitao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zitao Liu, Teng Guo, Qianru Liang, Mingliang Hou, Bojun Zhan, Jiliang Tang, Weiqi Luo, and Jian Weng. 2025a. Deep learning based knowledge tracing: A review, a tool and empirical studies. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (2025), 4512-4536."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/075280-1429"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"KAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks. In The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations.","author":"Liu Ziming","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ziming Liu, Yixuan Wang, Sachin Vaidya, Fabian Ruehle, James Halverson, Marin Soljacic, Thomas Y Hou, and Max Tegmark. 2025b. KAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks. In The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3366423.3380018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3511808.3557372"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15366359MEA0101_02"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/079017-2275"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-017-1399-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2024.112346"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3637528.3671988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Multidimensional item response theory. Handbook of statistics","author":"Reckase Mark D","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mark D Reckase. 2006. Multidimensional item response theory. Handbook of statistics, Vol. 26 (2006), 607-642."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.365"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551515615841"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706468.3706515"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2736(199803)35:3<265::AID-TEA3>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Psychometric models of student conceptions in science: Reconciling qualitative studies and distractor-driven assessment instruments","volume":"35","author":"Sadler Philip M","year":"1998","unstructured":"Philip M Sadler. 1998. Psychometric models of student conceptions in science: Reconciling qualitative studies and distractor-driven assessment instruments. Journal of Research in Science Teaching: The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, Vol. 35, 3 (1998), 265-296.","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Science Teaching: The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706468.3706501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017407"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.11.3.287"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","unstructured":"Fei Wang Weibo Gao Qi Liu Jiatong Li Guanhao Zhao Zheng Zhang Zhenya Huang Mengxiao Zhu Shijin Wang Wei Tong et al. 2024. A survey of models for cognitive diagnosis: New developments and future directions. arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.05458 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i04.6080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2022.3201037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3701716.3715244"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","unstructured":"An Yang Anfeng Li Baosong Yang Beichen Zhang Binyuan Hui Bo Zheng Bowen Yu Chang Gao Chengen Huang Chenxu Lv Chujie Zheng Dayiheng Liu Fan Zhou Fei Huang Feng Hu Hao Ge Haoran Wei Huan Lin Jialong Tang Jian Yang Jianhong Tu Jianwei Zhang Jianxin Yang Jiaxi Yang Jing Zhou Jingren Zhou Junyang Lin Kai Dang Keqin Bao Kexin Yang Le Yu Lianghao Deng Mei Li Mingfeng Xue Mingze Li Pei Zhang Peng Wang Qin Zhu Rui Men Ruize Gao Shixuan Liu Shuang Luo Tianhao Li Tianyi Tang Wenbiao Yin Xingzhang Ren Xinyu Wang Xinyu Zhang Xuancheng Ren Yang Fan Yang Su Yichang Zhang Yinger Zhang Yu Wan Yuqiong Liu Zekun Wang Zeyu Cui Zhenru Zhang Zhipeng Zhou and Zihan Qiu. 2025a. Qwen3 Technical Report. arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.09388 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2025\/878"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-64315-6_13"}],"event":{"name":"SIGIR '26: The 49th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","location":"Melbourne VIC Australia","sponsor":["SIGIR ACM Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 49th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T17:28:02Z","timestamp":1784136482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3805712.3809573"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3805712.3809573","10.1145\/3805712"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3805712.3809573","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}