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Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This work introduces the first closed-loop adaptive optics (AO) system capable of optically correcting aberrations in real-time without a guidestar or a wavefront sensor. Nearly 40 years ago, Cederquist et\u00a0al.\u00a0demonstrated that asymmetric apertures enable phase retrieval (PR) algorithms to perform fully computational wavefront sensing, albeit at a high computational cost. More recently, Chimitt et\u00a0al.\u00a0extended this approach with machine learning and demonstrated real-time wavefront sensing using only a single (guidestar-based) point-spread-function (PSF) measurement. Inspired by these works, we introduce a\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">guidestar-free<\/jats:italic>\n                    AO framework built around asymmetric apertures and machine learning. Our approach combines three key elements: (1) an asymmetric aperture placed at the system\u2019s pupil plane that enables PR-based wavefront sensing, (2) a pair of machine learning algorithms that estimate the PSF from natural scene measurements and reconstruct phase aberrations, and (3) a spatial light modulator that performs optical correction. We experimentally validate this framework on dense natural scenes imaged through unknown obscurants. Our method outperforms state-of-the-art guidestar-free wavefront shaping methods, using an order of magnitude fewer measurements and three orders of magnitude less computation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3809501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T10:16:49Z","timestamp":1776421009000},"page":"1-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Guidestar-Free Adaptive Optics with Asymmetric Apertures"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4078-8133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiyun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University","place":["Houston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6774-0298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiyun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University","place":["Houston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6827-7207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Metzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland","place":["College Park, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5043-7460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashok","family":"Veeraraghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University","place":["Houston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.458454"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49697-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.514072"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3447392"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/368203a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3414685.3417813"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference","author":"Bennet Francis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Francis Bennet, Celine D\u2019Orgeville, Ian Price, Francois Rigaut, Ian Ritchie, and Craig Smith. 2015. 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