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Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We present\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">DropleX<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the first system that enables liquid sensing using the capacitive touchscreen of commodity tablets.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">DropleX<\/jats:italic>\n                    detects microliter-scale liquid samples, and performs non-invasive, through-container measurements for liquid analysis. These capabilities are made possible by a physics-informed mechanism that disables the touchscreen's built-in adaptive filters, originally designed to reject the effects of liquid drops such as rain, without any hardware modifications. We model the touchscreen's sensing capabilities, limits, and non-idealities to inform the design of a signal processing and learning-based pipeline for liquid sensing. Under controlled laboratory conditions, our system achieves 89-99% accuracy in detecting microliter-scale adulteration in soda, wine, and milk, 94\u201396% accuracy in threshold detection of trace chemical concentrations, and 86-96% accuracy in through-container adulterant detection. These exploratory results demonstrate the potential of repurposing commodity touchscreens as a liquid characterization platform for laboratory settings, food and beverage testing, and chemical analysis applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3810205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T17:06:41Z","timestamp":1781543201000},"page":"1-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>DropleX:<\/i>\n                    Liquid Sensing on Tablet Touchscreens"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1765-1331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1237-7545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayank","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1471-6187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","unstructured":"2025. 2 Roll Polyester High Temperature Masking Tape PET Tape with Silicone Adhesive Ideal for Painting Powder Coating Anodizing Circuit Boards (Green 1 inches X 82 Feet. https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/B07VSR5BRH"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","unstructured":"2025. 5ml Clear Glass Vial 20pcs with white Screw cap and inner plug 20pcs leak-proof Glass Bottle Sealed Sample Vials. https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/B0D3DTS4BH"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","unstructured":"2025. 7 PCS Calibration Weights Scale Weight Set 1g 2g 5g 10g 20g 50g 100g Carbon Steel Small Weight for Digital Scale Gram Scale Balance Jewelry Scale (Silver). https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/B08SQ2WTNY?ref=ppx_yo2ov_dt_b_fed_asin_title"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","unstructured":"2025. 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