{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T17:53:00Z","timestamp":1781545980673,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001475","name":"Nanyang Technological University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["024859"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["024859"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001475","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Wireless sensing has gained significant research interest in recent years. However, the focus has primarily been on improving sensing performance, such as enhancing accuracy, and little attention has been paid to the security aspects of wireless sensing. In this paper, we demonstrate that acoustic signal-based sensing, widely regarded as the safest wireless sensing modality due to its physical characteristics, can be stealthily attacked and compromised. The core of this stealthy injection attack lies in exploiting the \u201cphotoacoustic effect\u201d to convert the energy of laser light into vibrations, inducing acoustic signals, which are then used to compromise acoustic sensing systems. It is important to note that the laser can be invisible to the human eye, and the acoustic signals it generates are inaudible to human ears. To make the attack even stealthier, we propose the concept of \u201cSmartphone-Defined Laser\u201d to use commodity smartphones to control low-cost laser hardware ($0.60), eliminating the need for bulky and expensive signal generators. Through hardware and software co-design, we successfully demonstrate the attack with smartphones and cheap laser hardware. Comprehensive experiments show that the proposed attack can compromise the state-of-the-art acoustic sensing techniques (both chirp-based and continuous wave-based), achieving a high average success rate of 96.1% across different tasks even when the target is 50\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">m<\/jats:italic>\n                    away. We hope our findings raise awareness of the security risks associated with acoustic sensing and encourage further research into enhancing its security.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3810215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T17:06:41Z","timestamp":1781543201000},"page":"1-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From One Form of Energy to Another: Laser-Induced Injection Attacks on Acoustic Sensing"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2266-8584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lupeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1913-846X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minhao","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3658-2263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6164-1539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuefu","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0950-1111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1810-3019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6608-1267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University, Beijing, China and Telecom SudParis, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8131-7439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lili","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, UT Austin, Austin, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5396-4554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Xiaomi sound pro. https:\/\/www.mi.com\/speakers\/sound-pro."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/www.amazon.sg\/UGREEN-Adapter-Headphone-Dongle-Compatible\/dp\/B082WG5VTK","author":"Ugreen","year":"2026","unstructured":"Ugreen usb-c to 3.5mm headphone adapter. https:\/\/www.amazon.sg\/UGREEN-Adapter-Headphone-Dongle-Compatible\/dp\/B082WG5VTK, 2026. 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