{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T18:45:40Z","timestamp":1776969940853,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["GetMobile: Mobile Comp. and Comm."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Providing fully immersive volumetric videos on mobile devices requires photo-realistic, full-scene rendering with smooth playback experiences. Since traditional 3D representations such as point clouds struggle with visual quality, 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) [4] has emerged as an effective way to represent high-quality 3D scenes. However, existing approaches for 3DGS-based video streaming incur significant rendering overhead, making realtime playback challenging. This article presents Vega [5], a 3DGS-based system that enables fully immersive volumetric video streaming on smartphones. Vega bridges the gap between highquality 3DGS rendering and the constraints of mobile devices\u2014specifically, limited network bandwidth and compute power. The core idea is object-level selective computation, which optimizes both data size and rendering overhead by prioritizing visually significant objects. To realize this idea, Vega introduces a mobile-friendly encoding scheme on the server, in which key frames store full scene data while residual frames encode only dynamic object information to reduce redundancy. On the client side, Vega employs a view-adaptive rendering pipeline that selectively renders visually important objects to meet strict real-time deadlines while effectively utilizing the smartphone's CPU, GPU, and NPU.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3810919.3810924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T18:15:45Z","timestamp":1776968145000},"page":"23-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["3DGS on Your Phone: Towards Fully Immersive Mobile Volumetric Video Streaming"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Gunjoong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seonghoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chanyoung","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyungchol","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hojung","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"2024 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","author":"Jiang Y.","unstructured":"Y. Jiang, Z. Shen, P. Wang, Z. Su, Y. Hong, Y. Zhang, J. Yu, and L. Xu. 2024. HiFi4G: Highfidelity human performance rendering via compact Gaussian Splatting. 2024 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 19734-19745."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2017.2782743"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services (MobiSys \u201925)","author":"Jung C.","unstructured":"C. Jung, J. Lee, G. Kim, J. Kim, S. Park, and H. Cha. 2025. ARIA: Optimizing vision foundation model inference on heterogeneous mobile processors for augmented reality. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services (MobiSys \u201925), New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3592433"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3680207.3765267"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 21719- 21728","author":"Lee J.C.","unstructured":"J.C. Lee, D. Rho, X. Sun, J.H. Ko, and E. Park. 2024. Compact 3D Gaussian representation for radiance field. IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 21719- 21728."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"2022 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 5511-5521","author":"Li T.","unstructured":"T. Li, M. Slavcheva, M. Zollhoefer, S. Green, C. Lassner, C. Kim, T. Schmidt, S. Lovegrove, M. Goesele, R. Newcombe, and Z. Lv. 2022. Neural 3D video synthesis from multi-view video. 2022 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 5511-5521."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"2024 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 8508-8520","author":"Li Z.","unstructured":"Z. Li, Z. Chen, Z. Li, and Y. Xu. 2024. Spacetime Gaussian feature splatting for real-time dynamic view synthesis. 2024 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 8508-8520."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"ECCV 2020 (Cham), 405-421","author":"Mildenhall Ben","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ben Mildenhall, P.P. Srinivasan, T.M., B.J.T., R.R., N.R. 2020. NeRF: Representing scenes as neural radiance fields for view synthesis. Computer Vision, ECCV 2020 (Cham), 405-421."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Qualcomm AI Hub: 2025. https:\/\/aihub. qualcomm.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3687935"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"2024 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 20310-20320","author":"Wu G.","unstructured":"G. Wu, T. Yi, J. Fang, L. Xie, X. Zhang, W. Wei, W. Liu, Q. Tian, and X. Wang. 2024. 4D Gaussian Splatting for real-time dynamic scene rendering. 2024 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 20310-20320."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"ECCV 2024 (Cham), 162-179","author":"Ye M.","year":"2025","unstructured":"M. Ye, M. Danelljan, F. Yu, L. Ke. 2025. Gaussian grouping: Segment and edit anything in 3D scenes. Computer Vision, ECCV 2024 (Cham), 162-179."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom '20)","author":"Yeo H.","year":"2020","unstructured":"H. Yeo, C. Ju Chong, Y. Jung, J. Ye, and D. Han, 2020. NEMO: Enabling neural-enhanced video streaming on commodity mobile devices. Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom '20) (New York, NY, 2020), 1-14."}],"container-title":["GetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3810919.3810924","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T18:15:56Z","timestamp":1776968156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3810919.3810924"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3810919.3810924"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3810919.3810924","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-0529","2375-0537"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-0529","type":"print"},{"value":"2375-0537","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}